CX D07-00-007 A02

CX100/120/150/180 series e-Manual Page 1 of 33
CX100/120/150/180 series e-Manual
Please direct all questions to your local VeEX Sales Office, Representative or Distributor or contact VeEX technical support at
www.veexinc.com
© Copyright 2007 VeEx Incorporated. All rights reserved. No part of this user manual may be reproduced, translated into a
foreign language or be transmitted electronically without prior agreement and written consent of VeEX Incorporated as
governed by International copyright laws. Information contained in this manual is provided "as is" and is subject to change
without notice.
™Trademarks of VeEX Incorporated have been identified where applicable, however the absence of such identification does
not affect the legal status of any trademark.
Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 About this User Manual
3 Safety Information
4 Basic Operation
4.1 Keypad
4.2 Touch Screen Display
4.3 Battery
4.4 Connectors and Panels
4.5 LEDs
5 Home Menu
6 Channel Tables and Locations
7 Single Channel Measurement
8 Tilt Measurement
9 System Scan
10 Forward and Reverse Path Ingress
11 Upstream Signal Generator (CX120/150/180E models only)
12 DOCSIS Cable Modem (CX150/180/E models only)
13 Common Functions
13.1 Installation Check
13.2 Settings
13.3 Files
13.4 Help
13.5 Backlight
13.6 Tools
14 Warranty and software
15 Product Specifications
16 Certification and Declarations
17 About VeEX

Product Introduction
VeEX™ VePAL CX instruments are next generation test solutions to install and maintain analog and digital cable TV networks
offering triple play services. All CX products are lightweight, rugged and weather resistant instruments featuring signal level meter
capabilities. Certain models can be equipped with a cable modem option to validate DOCSIS 2.0 and EuroDOCSIS based
networks while some units can also be equipped to support QAM signal generation for reverse path QAM analysis.
The product matrix below outlines the major functionalities of each CX product.
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About this User Manual

Every effort was made to ensure that the information contained in this user manual is accurate. Information is subject to change
without notice and we accept no responsibility for any errors or omissions. In case of discrepancy, the web version takes
precedence over any printed literature.
(c) Copyright 2006-2007 VeEX Inc. All rights reserved. VeEX, VePAL are registered trademarks of VeEX Inc and/or its affiliates
in the the USA and certain other countries. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective
companies. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted electronically or otherwise without written permission
from VeEX Inc.
This device uses software either developed by VeEX Inc or licensed by VeEX Inc from third parties. The software is confidential
and proprietary of VeEX Inc. The software is protected by copyright and contains trade secrets of VeEX Inc or VeEX's licensors.
The purchaser of this device agrees that it has received a license solely to use the software as embedded in the device, and the
purchaser is prohibited from copying, reverse engineering, decompiling, or disassembling the software.
This user manual is suitable for novice, intermediate, and experienced users and is intended to help you successfully use the
features and capabilities of the VePAL CX100, CX120, CX150 and CX180 analyzers. It is assumed that you have basic computer
experience and skills, and are familiar with Cable TV and telecommunication concepts, terminology, and safety.
For more technical resources, visit VeEX Inc web site at www.veexinc.com.
If you need assistance or have questions related to the use of this product, call or email our customer care department for
customer support. Before contacting our customer care department, you must have your product serial number ready. Please go
to Basic Operations section for details on locating your unit serial number in the menus or locate the serial number on the back of
the chassis. Please provide this number when contacting VeEX customer service.
Customer Care:
Phone: + 1 408 970 9090
Email: customers@veexinc.com
Website: www.veexinc.com
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Safety Information
Safety precautions should be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument. The instrument has been designed to
ensure safe operation however please observe all safety markings and instructions. Do not operate the instrument in the
presence of flammable gases or fumes or any other combustible environment. VeEX Inc. assumes no liability for the customer's
failure to comply with safety precautions and requirements.
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Basic operation
Keypad
The unit is powered on and off from the red key on the keyboard area. In order to turn off the unit, press the power key for at least
2 seconds. If the unit is not responding, holding the power key down by more than 10 seconds will force the unit to power down.
The keyboard includes the following keys:

z Home key. Bring the unit to its home menu regardless of its location on the user interface.
z Print key. Performs a print of the current result or selected stored result. The print function requires a USB printer. For a
list of supported printer please contact VeEX customer service.
z Store key. Performs the storage in the memory of the test set of the current results. If the result is running, it will provide a
snap shot at the moment the key is pressed. The store function provides an automatic storage with automatic naming and
time stamping function. To manipulate a stored file, please go to files.
z History key. The history key resets any blinking LED due to a history condition. For more details on the LED, please go to
LEDs.
z Help key. The help key brings the user to the online help, regardless of the current user interface location of the unit.
z Arrow key. The arrow key moves the cursor in any of the four supported directions (left, right, up, down). The arrow key
works in conjunction with the Enter and Escape keys.
z Enter key. The enter key provides an enter sequence to the user interface. It is used in non touch screen operation mode
to enter menus and functions.
z Escape key. The escape key provides an escape sequence to the user interface. It is used in non touch screen operation
mode to escape menus and functions.
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Touch Screen Display

The LCD supports touch screen operations. In order to use the unit in touch screen mode, open the transparent door covering
the screen. Then take out the stylus available on the top door i.e. door protecting the connector panel. Keep the LCD cover
closed when using the unit on non touch screen mode, and use the arrow, enter, and escape keys. The location of the cursor on
the screen is indicated by a focus state. The focus state varies depending on the function or section of the test set. Please
observe the following precautions;
- Never use excessive pressure on the touch screen as this may damage its functionality
- Never use sharp objects such as a pen, screwdriver etc. as this may damage the surface
- Clean the surface of the touch screen using a soft cloth and mild detergent only. Do not use alcohol.
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Battery
The VPAL is equipped with an intelligent Lilon rechargeable battery pack which is located in the rear of the unit. The battery will
be partially charged upon delivery so it is recommended to charge the battery fully before use. It is recommended to charge the
battery at room temperature to preserve its life and to obtain maximum charge. The battery can be removed during operation
provided the unit is connected to the AC Main using the supplied AC adapter. Removing the battery, when not connected to the
AC Main will cause the unit to shutdown. Remove the rubber cover on the left side to connect the AC Main adapter to the unit.
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Connectors and Panels
RF Test Ports:

To access the RF test connectors, please open the top cover.
z RF Input: "F" Connector, 75 ohms for connection to the CATV network. This connector provides access to the Signal
Level Meter (SLM) and associated functions including Tilt, Ingress and System Scan measurements. Reverse Path QAM
analysis (CX180 only) is also performed on this test port.
Note: Maximum Voltage input is 100VAC, 140VDC
z Auxilliary: This connector provides access to the DOCSIS cable modem and Upstream Generator functions where
applicable.
Utility Ports:
To access the utility ports, remove the protective rubber cover on the right hand side of the unit to expose the connectors;
z USB 2.0 Client port: To connect USB memory drives, WiFi or VoIP adaptors. These accessories are shown below.

z USB 2.0 Host port: To connect USB printer (future firmware release)
z RJ45, 10/100Base-T port: To connect to an Ethernet network. Applications include;

{ Transfer measurement results and test profiles between the instrument and a computer using Reveal CX software
{ Upload/download channel tables between the instrument and a computer using Reveal CX software
{ Upgrade the instrument software using Reveal CX software
{ Remote control of the instrument using Reveal CX software (optional)
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LEDs
The CX100 is equipped with three LEDs while the CX120, CX150 and CX180 models are equipped with four LEDs.
The Power LED indicates the power state of the unit. The LED is off when the unit is powered off. The LED is green when the
unit is powered on. The LED is orange when the unit is connected to the AC Main and powered off.
The ALM/ERR LED is linked to the alarms and errors. The LED is solid red when there is an alarm or error condition. The LED is
flashing red to indicate an error or alarm that has occurred but is no longer present. This is called the history function. In order to
reset the history condition on any LED press the function key on the rubber keyboard (O -> O).
The DIG LOCK LED indicates the proper digital signal lock The LED is green when locking is achieved. The LED is red when
expected digital signal can not be found.
The AUX LED is related to the physical status of the built-in DOCSIS Cable Modem or Upstream Generator functions. This LED
is available on the CX120/150/CX180E models only. The LED is off when the Cable Modem or USG are inactive. Fast flashing
green indicates the Cable Modem is ready. Slow flashing indicates the Cable Modem has achieved the initial down stream and
up stream locking. Solid green indicates the Cable Modem is activated and online.
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Home Menu
This menu can be reached at anytime during operation by pressing the home key, accessible on the rubber keyboard.

The upper part of the menu contains items specific to the test application of the handheld test set, while the lower part of the
menu contains items common to all VeEX VePAL handheld test sets. The Installation Check function is however specific to CX
models only.
Some items are optional, and require the purchase of a software option in order to be activated. Some items have not been
released, and will become available in future software releases.
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Channel Tables and Locations

The unit requires Channel Tables and setting up its locations to perform measurements.
By default, the unit comes with several pre-loaded tables. These tables can be edited and modified under Settings (Home ->
Settings icon -> Setup tab).
Alternatively, the channel tables can be created and managed using ReVeal CX (TM) PC software which is a standard
accessory. Additional tables can be created either from a blank table or from existing ones. The test set and the PC software can
exchange the tables for easy update. Please consult the Reveal CX user manual for more details.

The unit provides location settings in order to define thresholds for the measurements and pass/fail criteria for the installation
check function. The locations can be selected by a pull down menu on the top bar. The location pull down menu only appears
when required by the function. These locations can be edited and modified under Settings or by using ReVeal (TM) PC software.
Three locations are provided pre-loaded on the unit: Ground Block, Set Top Box, and Tap.
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Single Channel Measurement

The Single-Channel SLM function performs an amplitude measurement of a user-selectable frequency or channel that is defined
in the active channel table. The contents of the Single-Channel screen will depend upon whether the selected channel contains
an analog or digital signal.

The channel is changed by using the up and down arrow. Each occurrence will increase or decrease the channel value by one.
The user can quickly jump in the channel table by tapping on the channel number area or pressing enter.
The following measurement information is provided for analog signals:
z Video Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)

z Audio1 Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)
z V/A1 Ratio (numeric in dB)
z Audio2 Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)
z Video/Audio2 Delta (numeric in dB)
z Carrier to Noise or C/N (numeric in dB) - note the affect of poor C/N on analog video carriers below.
z Max Adjacent Channel Delta (graphic bar and numeric in dB)

Note: All CX instruments measure the peak levels for analog carriers because the average power changes
depending on the picture content e.g. dark scenes have a higher average power than bright scenes. Using the
sync pulses, the carrier is at its peak power and it does not change from scene to scene therefore peak power
has become the standard for analog video carrier level measurements.
When testing a digital channel, the unit first tries to achieve digital lock. Once achieved, the unit displays the related digital
measurements as well as the constellation diagram. If the unit is unable to lock onto the digital channel, a warning message is
displayed. The unit will then switch back to the SLM measurement mode for this specific channel indicating signal level - the CX
measures the average power for digital carriers.
The following measurement information is provided for digital signals over two screens. Under the SLM tab, the following
measurements can be seen:
z QAM Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)

z MER (numeric in dB)
z Pre BER & Pre Error Seconds (numeric)
z Post BER & Post Error Seconds (numeric)
z Severely Error Seconds (numeric)
z Max Adjacent Channel Delta (numeric in dB)
Note: Modulation Error Ratio (MER) in digital systems is very similar to Carrier to Noise (C/N) in analog
systems. It is a measure of how tightly symbols are recorded with respect to their optimum location based on
the Error Vector Magnitude or EVM.

MER determines how much margin the system has available before a failure can be expected. A poor MER is not noticeable on
the picture up until the point of system failure - this is often referred to as the "Cliff Effect". Ideally you should have at least 4 to
5dB of margin from the MER where significant errors occur to allow for system degradation. MER measurements are useful for
early detection of non-transient (noise) impairments such as system noise, CSO, CTB and Ingress.
The QAM Power Level and Max Adjacent Channel Delta are updated in real-time. The MER, Pre BER, Pre ES, Post BER, Post
ES and SVES measurements are snapshots upon entering this screen.
Constellation Tab: Constellation is an ideal tool to identify QAM modulator problems. The following measurements are reported:
z QAM Power Level (numeric in dBmV)

z MER (numeric in dB) is an indication of the operating margin of the system
z Pre BER & Pre Error Seconds (numeric) is the error rate of the incoming signal prior to being corrected FEC circuitry
z Post BER & Post Error Seconds (numeric) is the error rate of the signal after the FEC has corrected all the possible errors
z Severely Error Seconds (numeric)
z Constellation (graphic)

z Max Adjacent Channel Delta (numeric in dB)
The MER, Pre FEC, Post FEC, and Constellation diagram are updated in real-time. The QAM Power Level and Max Adjacent
Channel Delta are snapshots upon entering this screen.
The following information is displayed for both analog and digital signals:
z Channel
z Frequency
z Limits Location (Tap, Ground Block, or Set-Top)
Graphic limit indicators are provided for all graphically displayed signal levels. Numeric data that is outside of limits are displayed
in red.
Note: The Constellation diagram is an X/Y plot of the I (In phase axis) and Q (Quadrature axis) components
of the QAM signal and is useful for viewing impairments due to ingress and/or modulation problems present
on the digital signal. A symbol (essentially a waveform representing one or more bits) should ideally appear as
a compact or clean dot in the center of each symbol box. Decision boundaries exist within the constellation so
that if the symbol falls within the boundary, the correct data is received. If due to noise or other interference,
the symbol falls outside the boundary, the data will be in error. Error detection and and correction (e.g. FEC)
will attempt to the correct these errors thus avoiding video impairments. Observing the symbol's shape and
location relative to their ideal positions allows you to draw some conclusions about the nature of an
impairment.
Graphics courtesy of Cisco and SCTE

The following impairments can be assessed visually;
z Gain compression pulls the symbol clusters into the center while the middle ones are unaffected. Gain compression can
result from poor or bad amplifiers, IF equalizers and up/down converters.
z Broadband or system noise causes symbol clusters to enlarge and this increases the probability of errors. An error occurs
when the dot is pulled across a decision boundary.
z Coherent interference like CSO/CTB, spurs or ingress produce symbol clusters with a hole in the center so they appear as
"donuts". This can also be a result of laser clipping or sweep interference.
z Phase noise causes the symbol clusters to appear as arcs particularly those near the edges of the constellation. Phase
noise can result from headend up/down converters or by the I/Q modulator.
z IQ Imbalance is when the constellation is not symmetrical in shape (it is taller than it is wide) - this due to gain difference in
the I and Q channels which may be caused by bad baseband amplifiers, modulators or filters.
The constellation display supports a zoom function. For QAM64 tap on the graphic and the entire constellation is zoomed. For
QAM256 modulation, the constellation is split into 4 quadrants for simplified viewing. The user can tap on any of the four
quadrants, which will zoom this specific quadrant.
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Tilt Measurement
Tilt measurement is used to check the channel levels at the lowest and highest frequencies because level variations across the
frequency spectrum are indicative of distortion. Tilt measurement is also the most efficient tool for balancing distribution
amplifiers.
Note: Typically, the same analog and digital channels which have been recommended or defined for the Scan
function should be used when performing Tilt measurements. Often tilt measurements are useful to identify
excessive cable lengths at the customer premises that can cause high frequency roll off.

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System Scan
The System Scan function provides a graphical overview of the entire channel plan according to the selected active channel
table. It can provide fast visual confirmation or a snapshot of key analog and digital TV channels or DOCSIS carrier levels. As a
rule of thumb, analog carriers should be no more than 6 to 10dB higher compared to digital channels while DOCSIS channel
levels should range between -10 to +10 dBmV to allow for adequate margin at the cable modem.
The following measurements are performed for each analog channel:
z Video Power Level in dBmV

z Audio1 Power Level in dBmV
z V/A1 Ratio in dB

The following measurements will be performed for each digital channel:
z QAM Power Level in dBmV
The following measurements will be calculated based on the results of all channels amd displayed under the summary tab:
z Tilt in dB
z Peak-to-Valley in dB
z Min Power Level in dBmV
z Max Power Level in dBmV
z Min Delta V/A1 in dB (applies to analog channels only)
z Max Delta V/A1 in dB (applies to analog channels only)
Once the test is completed or stop by the user, a marker is available and can be placed on any of the measured channel. The
measurements of the selected channel are then displayed.
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Forward & Reverse Path Ingress

Background: The HFC network has the potential to offer tremendous bandwidth in the downstream or forward direction from the
head end or hub to the customer. Depending upon the extent of the cable plant upgrade, the available bandwidth could be as
much as from 54 to 860 MHz however downstream channel bandwidths are determined by the individual country's video
broadcast standards.
The historical broadcast video channel assignments limit the upstream or reverse direction from the customer to the spectrum
between 5 to 42 MHz for North America and 5 to 65MHz for Europe. The upstream spectrum which supports return path
connectivity is frequently impaired by ingress of interfering signals such as radio citizen band (CB), and other legitimate and non-
legitimate RF emissions.

The greatest challenge for the cable operator is to realize sufficient usable upstream bandwidth to achieve the systems
throughput requirements for data or other services. The limited upstream bandwidth must often be shared with other services,
ranging from impulse pay-per-view (IPPV), telemetry, and alarm gathering information from the active elements in the cable plant,
as well as having to compete with interfering signals that radiate into the lower frequency range.
Ingress noise: A term assigned by cable operators to describe any interference that is coupled into the
forward or return path cable plant via an external source. Sometimes defined as a frequency selective
impairment, Ingress can be broadly categorized as follows;
z Narrow band ingress: The predominant coupling mechanism for ingress noise is a poorly shielded drop
coaxial cable that is acting more like an antenna then a drop cable. AM modulated carriers, amateur
band and maritime radio transmission generate unwanted signal frequencies at varying amplitudes
according to the propagation conditions.
z Location specific ingress: Electronic equipment in the subscriber premises can pass strong signal
carriers back into the cable system and these can interfere with reverse signals such as cable
modems.
z Cable network architecture will determine ingress sources e.g. aerial cabling versus underground
cabling
Common Path Distortion (CPD): Produced by poor contacts in the cable distribution network - these
contacts create a diode or rectifier effect which produces potentially harmful 2nd and 3rd order
intermodulation distortion (IMD) products or beats. These beats will occur every 6, 7 or 8 MHz in the reverse
path depending on the channel plan used. Although the magnitude of these beats are small, they increase at
a node when several reverse paths are combined.
Impulse Noise: Typically generated by man-made devices and sometimes by nature. Man-made sources
include power switching, electrical motors, engine ignitions, and air conditioning systems. Sources in nature
are generally lightning. Laser clipping in the upstream path is another impulse noise source.
The Ingress function provides a spectrum analysis of the Reverse or Forward path.
z The reverse path analyzes the spectrum between 4 to 42 MHz (6 MHz channel plan) or 4 to 65 MHz (8 MHz channel
plan).
z The forward path analyzes the spectrum between 54 to 1000 MHz (6 MHz channel plan) or 108 to 1000 MHz (8 MHz
channel plan). The forward path spectrum is initially displayed around a user selected center frequency with a 50 MHz
bandwidth.

Once the measurement is started, the user can select the wheel icon on the left bottom part of the screen.
Once selected, then by pressing the up or down arrow (or tapping on the corresponding arrow of the wheel on the screen) the
attenuation (y axis) will be changed, by 10 dB steps.
By pressing the left or right arrow (or tapping on the corresponding arrow of the wheel on the screen) the spectrum can be shifted
by 50 MHz increment (Forward path only).
Once the measurement is paused (green arrow pull down menu) then three markers are made available. Once a marker is
positioned to the proper location, then the frequency and level measurements for the location are performed.
Note: Using the Peak function in the pull down menu will help capture intermittent ingress.

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Upstream Signal Generator (USG) - Available on CX120, CX150 and CX180 models
only
The Upstream Signal Generator (USG) function generates a QAM signal for upstream or reverse path testing. The main menu
displaying the USG capability will vary slightly depending on CX model and type of USG option fitted.

CX120 Main Menu CX150 Main Menu CX180 Main Menu
Note: There are two variants of the USG function for the CX models;
z The Standard USG is a standard feature on the CX150/E models and supports CW, QPSK, and QAM-
16 signal generation. The same functionality is available as an option on the CX120/E and CX180/E
test sets when the units are equipped with the DOCSIS or Euro DOCSIS cable modem options
however the option is not available when the enhanced version below is fitted. The USG frequency is
adjustable from 5MHz to 42 MHz (US DOCSIS version) or 5 to 65 MHz (Euro DOCSIS version) in
1MHz steps while the level is adjustable over a dynamic range of 5 to +58 dBmV in 1dBmV steps
z The Enhanced USG + FEC option is available for the CX120 and CX180 models only however the
cable modem and enhanced USG options are mutually exclusive for both CX120 and CX180. The USG
+ FEC option supports CW, QPSK, QAM-16, QAM-64 and QAM-128 signal generation. The USG
frequency is adjustable from 5MHz to 65MHz while the level is adjustable over a dynamic range of 68
dBuV to 119dBuV (8dBmV to 59dBmV)
If a digital modulation type is selected, then a symbol rate needs to be selected (160K to 2.56M) as well. The symbol rate
depends on the modulation depth selected. While the unit is in USG mode, all other measurement functions are disabled.
Note: In digital communications, the symbol rate is the gross bit rate, inclusive of channel coding overhead,
divided by the number of bits transmitted in each symbol. Symbol rate is measured in symbols-per-second,
hertz (Hz), or baud (Bd).
In digital television, the symbol rate is calculated as follows;

z Symbol rate in symbols per second = (Data rate in bits per second x 204) / (188 x bits per symbol) where;
{ The 204 is the number of bytes in a packet including the 16 Reed-Solomon error checking and correction bytes
{ The 188 is the number of data bytes (187 bytes) plus the leading packet sync byte (0x47)
{ The bits per symbol is the (modulation's power of 2) x (Forward Error Correction). For example in 64-QAM
modulation 64 = 2^6 so the bits per symbol is 6. The Forward Error Correction (FEC) is usually expressed as a
fraction, i.e., 1/2, 3/4, etc. In the case of 3/4 FEC, for every 3 bits of data, you are sending out 4 bits, one of which is
for error correction.
Once the parameters are properly configured, pressing start automatically generates the signal. To stop the transmit, press the
stop key.The signal is generated on the DOCSIS modem port.
Note: The USG function is a powerful application to check and validate the reverse path for DOCSIS cable
modem operation. The USG is used in conjunction with the QAM analyzer option available on the CX180
series. Refer to the application diagram below.
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DOCSIS Cable Modem (CX120/150/180 models only)

Background: Historically, CATV was a unidirectional medium designed to carry broadcast analog video channels to the
maximum number of customers at the lowest possible cost. With the introduction of direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and digital
subscriber line (DSL) during the 1990s, cable operators experienced a serious challenge from these competing technologies -
DBS operators marketed more choice and better quality entertainment product through digital technology, whereas the
incumbent local exchange carriers (ILEC) proposed to offer a combination of voice, video, and data by means of DSL.
This economic and technical threat prompted several key multiple system operators (MSOs) to define a new system and
standard capable of providing data and future services over CATV plants. The Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
(DOCSIS) 1.0 standard that resulted was unanimously accepted as the North American standard, and vendors aggressively
introduced products in compliance with this standard. MSOs in turn defined upgrade and construction programs to increase the
supporting bandwidth of their plants and to provide two-way functionality. The DOCSIS standards have evolved continuosly and
are proving to be a universal success, with many deployments in operation worldwide.
The DOCSIS interface specification basically enables the deployment of data-over-cable systems on a nonproprietary,
multivendor, interoperable basis for transparent bidirectional transfer of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic between the cable system
head end and customer locations over an all-coaxial or hybrid-fiber/coax (HFC) cable network. In its simplest form, the system
consists of a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) located at the head end, a coaxial or HFC medium, and a Cable Modem
(CM) located at the customer premises. In addition, DOCSIS defines physical, signalling and protocol layers to support
interoperability and evolutionary feature capabilities to permit future value-added services.
The DOCSIS layers are briefly outlined as follows:
z IP network layer
z Data link layer comprising:
{ Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer conforming to Ethernet standards
{ Link security sublayer for basic privacy, authorization, and authentication
{ Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer for operation supporting variable-length protocol data units (PDU)
z Physical (PHY) layer comprising:
{ Downstream convergence layer conforming to MPEG-2 (Recommendation H.222.0)
{ Physical Media Dependent (PMD) sublayer for:
Downstream based on ITU-T Rec J.83 Annex B with either 64 or 256 quadrature amplitude modulation
(QAM), concatenation of Reed-Solomon and Trellis forward error correction (FEC), in addition to variable-
depth interleaving
Upstream employing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16, 64 or 128 QAM, support for multiple
symbol rates, cable modem controlled and programmable from the CMTS, frequency agility, fixed-frame and
variable-length PDU formats, Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), programmable Reed-Solomon FEC
and preambles and capability to support future physical layer technologies.

Product Overview and Application: The CX120/150/180 models offer a built-in DOCSIS cable modem as an option. Equipped
with the option, the CX is able to range, register and connect with the headend CMTS to obtain the necessary parameters and to
obtain a valid IP address on the network.
After launching the cable modem application, the built-in modem will initialize and bring the setup screen. In the setup screen,
first select the mode for the channel. In auto, the cable modem will scan all the channels available on the selected channel table.
In manual the user enters the selected channel. The channel is entered by tapping on the channel number.
Note: The DOCSIS specification defines that a Cable Modem is allowed to self-discover the appropriate
upstream and downstream frequencies, bit rates, modulation format, error correction, and power levels.
The MAC address can be set to default (a pre-programmed registered unique MAC address) or can be manually entered. If
manual selected, then tap on the MAC address to enter your desired MAC address.

Once these settings are completed, press Connect. Once connect is pressed, the test set will go directly to the result page. Each
step of the connection process is listed. As a step is performed, an "in progress" indicator informs the user of the current status.
After a step is completed, a Pass or Fail status is provided. If any one of the steps fails during the connection process, the cable
modem will stop and declare a failed connection. At this point the user can either choose to reset the test and try again or go
back to setup and verify the settings.
DOCSIS Cable Modem (CM) initialization sequence:
z The CM scans the Downstream (DS) spectrum for a valid DOCSIS signal (either 64QAM or 256QAM) - This can be a time
consuming step if the CM is not on a channel.
z The CM demodulates the DOCSIS signal and looks for a SYNC message.
z The CMTS periodically broadcasts Upstream (US) channel descriptors (UCD) over the DS channel, from which a CM will
learn its assigned upstream operational frequency. The CM in turn scans for these UCD messages, which also tells the
CM how to set up a burst profile (frequency, modulation, and burst parameters). The CM has now established both a US
and a DS frequency.
z The CMTS periodically transmits US bandwidth allocation maps (MAP) in shared time slots in the DS direction. The CM
looks for these MAP messages, which list the granted and contended Timeslots (TSs) for US communication.
z The CMTS assigns a temporary service identifier (SID) to the CM, which begins a coarse power ranging and time
synchronization process. The first Upstream burst that the CM sends is the initial maintenance - the CMTS responds with

the range-response (RGN-RSP) message for frequency, power, and timing settings.
z The CMTS periodically sends keepalive messages to verify link continuity between itself and all CM units in the same
domain. When a CM receives its first keepalive message, it reverts to a fine power ranging.
z The CM now forwards a bandwidth request to the CMTS, which in turn forwards a grant to the CM, permitting it to forward
upstream information in allocated time slots.
z The CM now makes a DHCP discovery followed by a DHCP request. The CMTS forwards a DHCP acknowledgment from
the DHCP server containing an IP address, a default gateway, the addresses of a TFTP and TOD server, and a TFTP
configuration file name.
z The CM now initiates the TOD and TFTP process. From the TFTP server, the CM receives a configuration file containing
QoS, security, applicable frequency assignments, and any new software images.
z The CM forwards this configuration file to the CMTS and initiates a registration request. If the configuration file is valid, the
CMTS assigns the CM a permanent SID and registers the CM to online status.
z Following registration, the CM optionally initiates the activation of the 56-bit DES encryption algorithm to provide security
between the CMTS and itself over the cable plant.
z The CM is now operational.
Note: DOCSIS specifies that for a system to become functional and operational, the CMTS and CM must
interface with the following mandatory servers;
z Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, as defined by RFC 2181. This server provides
the IP addresses for both the CM and subsequent PC devices that follow
z Time of Day (TOD) server, as defined by RFC 868 for the purpose of time-stamping operational system
events
z Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server, as defined by RFC 1350 for the purpose of registering and
downloading CM configuration files for individual customer service. These configurations could include
quality of service (QoS) parameters, baseline privacy (BPI) implementation, operating frequency
assignments, the number of host devices, etc.
Once online, the user can go to the IP tab. This screen provides all the information related to the various IP addresses acquired
or used during the connection process.
The Link Turn Up tab provides information about the packets received, the downstream signal (frequency, modulation, level,
SNR) and about the upstream signal (frequency, level, modulation).

The Events section provides a time stamp list of events that have occurred during the connection process.
The IP functions are similar to the ones describes on the following section IP Tools. Please note that ARPWiz is not supported on
the Cable Modem interface. Go to the common functions manual for more details.
The Pass Through function provides the ability to emulate a real cable modem. Once the cable modem is online, select the pass
through tab, then connect the customer network (LAN, PC,...) to the management port on the right side of the unit (10/100T port).

The traffic will pass through and the unit will act like a real cable modem.
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Common Functions
Installation Check
This function performs measurements on up to 6 user-programmable analog channels and/or up to 6 user-programmable digital
channels. Each channel table has its own installation check settings. The user can modify these settings with ReVeal CX and
load the updated configurations to the test set or directly by changing the settings on the test set.

The selected channels for the installation check test need to be active on the selected channel table. The installation check
derives the pass and fail criteria by comparing the measured values to a pre-selected thresholds (locations). If no parameter has
been selected on the active location, a warning message will be displayed.
The following measurements are performed for each analog channel:
z Video Power Level in dBmV

z V/A1 Ratio in dB
z Video/Audio2 Delta in dB
z C/N in dB
z Max Adjacent Channel Delta in dB
The following measurements are calculated based on the results of all 6 analog channels:
z Tilt in dB
z Min Video Level in dBmV
z Max Video Level in dBmV
z Min Delta V/A1 in dB
z Max Delta V/A1 in dB
z Min C/N in dB
z Max C/N in dB
z Max Delta Adjacent Channels in dB
The following measurements are performed for each digital channel:
z QAM Power Level in dBmV

z MER in dB
z Max Adjacent Channel Delta in dB
The following measurements are calculated based on the results of all 6 digital channels:
z Tilt in dB
z Min QAM Level in dBmV
z Max QAM Level in dBmV
z Max Delta Adjacent Channels in dB
The user can select to either perform Analog channels only, Digital channels only or both. During the test, a status indicator is
displayed as well as the current progression. Once completed, the yellow square is replaced by a green square if the
measurements meet the location based thresholds or a red square if the measurements fail to meet the location based
thresholds. Once the measurements are completed the user can display details information about each channel by tapping on
the magnifying glass at the right bottom of the summary screen.
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Settings
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Files
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Help

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Backlight
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Tools
Please refer to the e-manual link for details on our Common Functions.
Common Functions E-Manual
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Warranty and software

Warranty Period: The warranty period for hardware, software and firmware are three (3) years from the date of shipment to the
customer. The warranty period for battery pack, LCD, LCD touch panel, LCD protective cover, and accessories (including but not
limited to patch cords, AC adaptor, SFP, USB adaptors, carrying case, carrying pouch) is limited to one (1) year.
Hardware Coverage: VeEX Inc warrants hardware products against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty
period, VeEX will, at its sole discretion, either
z Repair the products

z Replace the hardware which prove to be defective

provided that the products that the customer elects to replace is returned to VeEX Inc by the customer along with proof of
purchase within thirty (30) days of the request by the customer, freight prepaid.
Software Coverage: VeEX Inc warrants software and firmware materials against defects in materials and workmanship. During
the warranty period, VeEX will, at its sole discretion, either
z Repair the products

z Replace the software and/or firmware which prove to be defective
provided that the products that the customer elects to replace is returned to VeEX Inc by the customer along with proof of
purchase within thirty (30) days of the request by the customer, freight prepaid.
Additionally, during the warranty period, VeEX Inc will provide, without charge to the customer, all fixes, patches and
enhancements to the purchased software, firmware and software options. VeEX Inc does not warrant that all software or
firmware defects will be corrected. New enhancements attached to a software option require the option to be purchased (at the
time of order or the time of upgrade) in order to benefit from such enhancements.
Limitations: The warranty is only for the benefit of the customer and not for the benefit of any subsequent purchaser or licensee
of any merchandise (hardware, software, firmware and/or accessories)
Revoking the warranty: VeEX Inc does not guaranty or warrant that the operation of the hardware, software or firmware will be
uninterrupted or error-free. The warranty will not apply in any of the following cases:
z Improper or inadequate maintenance by the customer

z Damage due to software installed by the customer on the unit without prior authorization (written) from VeEX Inc.
z Unauthorized alteration or misusage
z Damage occurred from operating the unit from outside of the environmental specifications for the product
z Improper installation by the customer
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Product Specifications
CX100/120/150 Models - Click here CX180 Model - Click here

Certifications and Declarations
What is CE?
The CE marking is a mandatory European marking for certain product groups to

indicate conformity with the essential health and safety requirements set out in
European Directives. To permit the use of a CE mark on a product, proof that the
item meets the relevant requirements must be documented.
Click here for CE Declaration of Conformity relating to VeEX

products
What is RoHS?
RoHS is the acronym for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. Also known as

Directive 2002/95/EC, it originated in the European Union and restricts the use
of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products. All
applicable products imported into the EU market after July 1, 2006 must pass
RoHS compliance.
Click here for ROHS Statement relating to VeEX products
About VeEX
VeEx Inc, the Verification EXperts, is an innovative designer and manufacturer of test and measurement solutions addressing
numerous technologies. Global presence through a worldwide distribution channel provides uncompromised product support.
Visit us online at www.veexinc.com for latest updates and additional documentation.
VeEx Incorporated
2255 Martin Avenue, Suite G,
Santa Clara, CA,
95050, USA
Phone: +1 408 970 9090
Fax: +1 408 970 9099
Customer care
Phone: + 1 408 970 9090
Email: customers@veexinc.com
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CX100/120/150/180 series e-Manual Page 1 of 33

CX100/120/150/180 series e-Manual

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

2 About this User Manual

4.2 Touch Screen Display

4.4 Connectors and Panels

6 Channel Tables and Locations

7 Single Channel Measurement

10 Forward and Reverse Path Ingress

11 Upstream Signal Generator (CX120/150/180E models only)

12 DOCSIS Cable Modem (CX150/180/E models only)

13.1 Installation Check

14 Warranty and software

16 Certification and Declarations

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

About this User Manual

Phone: + 1 408 970 9090

The keyboard includes the following keys:

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Touch Screen Display

Connectors and Panels

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

To access the RF test connectors, please open the top cover.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

z RJ45, 10/100Base-T port: To connect to an Ethernet network. Applications include;

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Channel Tables and Locations

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Single Channel Measurement

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

The following measurement information is provided for analog signals:

z Video Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

z QAM Power Level (graphic bar and numeric in dBmV)

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

z QAM Power Level (numeric in dBmV)

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

z Max Adjacent Channel Delta (numeric in dB)

Graphics courtesy of Cisco and SCTE

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

The following impairments can be assessed visually;

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

The following measurements are performed for each analog channel:

z Video Power Level in dBmV

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

The following measurements will be performed for each digital channel:

z QAM Power Level in dBmV

Forward & Reverse Path Ingress

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

CX120 Main Menu CX150 Main Menu CX180 Main Menu

In digital television, the symbol rate is calculated as follows;

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

DOCSIS Cable Modem (CX120/150/180 models only)

The DOCSIS layers are briefly outlined as follows:

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

Copyright 2007, VeEX Incorporated.

DOCSIS Cable Modem (CM) initialization sequence: