e questions in the spaces provided.

The Periculum 2
PHY13HL

Page 1 of 5

of a road-safety
campaign,
the the
braking
distances
General Instructions:
Answer
following
directly. of a car were measured.

As part of a road-safety
campaign,
the braking
distancesalong
of a car were
measured. road at a constan
er in a particular
car was
instructed
to travel
a straight
. A signal
was
tocarthe
stop along
and ahe
applied
brakes
tov. bring th
A driver
in a given
particular
was driver
instructedto
to travel
straight
road atthe
a constant
speed
A signal
wasagiven
to the driver
to stop as he applied
brakes
to bring the
to rest in as by the ca
rest in as
short
distance
as possible.
The the
total
distance
Dcartravelled
possible. The total distance D travelled by the car after the signal was
e signalshort
wasa distance
givenaswas
measured for corresponding values of v. A sketch-grap
given was measured for corresponding values of v. A sketch-graph of the results is shown
results isbelow.
shown below.

0
0

Question 1

D vand
v related
are not
related
byof an
expression o
tate whyState
thewhy
sketch
graph
that
the sketch
graphsuggests
suggests that
D and
are not
by an
expression
the form
e form D = m v + c, where m and c are constant. [ 2 marks ]
D  mv  c,
. . . . .c. .are
. . . . constants.
........................................................................
here m and
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(This question continues on the followin

The Periculum 2
PHY13HL

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It is suggested that D and v may be related by an expression of the form D = av +

and b are constants.

bv2,

where a

In order to test this suggestion, the data shown below are used. The uncertainties in the
measurements of D and v are not shown.

v / m s-1

D/m

D/v / . . . . . . . . .

10.0

14.0

1.40

13.5

22.7

1.68

18.0

36.9

2.05

22.5

52.9

27.0

74.0

2.74

31.5

97.7

3.10

Question 2
State the unit of D/v from the table above. [ 1 mark ]
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Question 3
Calculate the magnitude of D/v to an appropriate number of significant digits for
v = 22.5 m s-1. [ 2 marks ]
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Question 4
State what is meant by an ideal gas. [ 2 marks ]
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The Periculum 2
PHY13HL

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10-2

m3.

The internal volume of a gas cylinder is 2.0 x

An ideal gas is pumped into the cylinder
until the pressure becomes 20 MPa at a temperature of 17C.
Question 5
Determine the number of moles in the gas cylinder. [ 2 marks ]
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Question 6
Determine the number of gas atoms in the cylinder. [ 2 marks ]
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Question 7
Use your answers in questions 6 and 6 to determine the volume occupied by one gas atom.
[ 1 mark ]
20
N07/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
. . .part
. . . .2. continued)
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(Question B2,
...................................................................................
Ideal gases and heat engines

(d)

An ideal gas is contained in a cylinder by means of a piston as shown below.

An ideal gas is contained in a cylinder by means of a piston as shown below.

cylinder
ideal gas

piston

The piston is pushed quickly into the cylinder.

The piston is pushed quickly into the cylinder.

For the resulting change of state of the gas,

(i)

state, and explain, whether the change is isochoric, isobaric or adiabatic.

[2]

The Periculum 2
PHY13HL

Page 4 of 5

Question 8
For the resulting change of state of the gas, state and explain whether the change is isochoric,
isobaric, or adiabatic. [ 2 marks ]
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Question 9
For the resulting change of state of the gas, use the molecular model of an ideal gas to explain
why the temperature of the gas changes. [ 3 marks ]
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Question 10
Two solid objects undergo the same temperature change. A student states that the change in
internal energy of the two objects would be the same. Briefly discuss this statement.
[ 3 marks ]
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Question 11
State, in terms of entropy change, the second law of thermodynamics. [ 1 mark ]
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The Periculum 2
PHY13HL

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Question 12
When an ice crystal forms from liquid water, the entropy of the water decreases. By reference
to the second law, discuss the entropy change. [ 3 marks ]
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