Mentall Heallth & Sociiall Care Current Awareness Bulllletiin Menta Hea th & Soc a Care Current Awareness Bu et n

No 350 No 350

h June 18ttth 2012 June 18 h 2012

The Mental Health & Social Care Current Awareness Bulletin is produced by the Essex Public Health Evidence-Based Practice Team
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East of England Health Libraries Network: EoEHLN

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Addictions Anxiety Dementia Depression Dual Diagnosis Eating Disorders Forensic Psychiatry

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CONTENT CONTENT
News from all corners of the world

Department of Health

No news this week

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National News

Health risks of cannabis 'underestimated', experts warn Experts are warning that the public dangerously underestimates the health risks linked to smoking cannabis Approved mental health professionals need bespoke qualification Standardised qualification for social workers completing AMHP modules would help address "enormous" variation in training, says regulator Raising the level of commissioning skills in social care Do you want to ensure excellence in commissioning for social care? The National Skills Academy for Social Care's Commissioning Now programme, which launches this month, is designed to raise the level of commissioning skills across social care, related health and integrated services. It focuses on the fast-changing issues faced by commissioners Social workers 'may need powers of entry to stop abuse' Action on Elder Abuse has launched a consultation on whether professionals need powers to enter homes and intervene where they suspect a vulnerable adult is being abused and access to them is blocked Cuts drive inequalities in care home provision, say providers Survey of providers for Labour Party finds care home investment being directed into wealtheir areas with more self-funders on the back of social care cuts Elderly care cash ''diverted'' by councils Over 100m that the government ear-marked for improving care of the elderly and disabled is being used by councils to prop up the existing system, it has been claim Call for action to tackle 'Scottish effect' on suicide rates Researchers say action is needed to reduce suicide rates in Scotland - which are higher than in other parts of the UK Child neglect calls to NSPCC double over past two years Charity warns that a sharp increase in reports of neglect is putting increased pressure on already stretched children's services
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Community practitioners can end crisis-based care system Call for local area co-ordinators to provide support for older and disabled people without eligibility restrictions to promote independence and reverse social care's crisis emphasis GPs set for QOF indicators to support dementia carers GPs will be required to assess the emotional and psychological needs of carers for people with dementia under a trio of indicators proposed for next year's QOF, a NICE decided yesterday MPs Kevan Jones and Charles Walker on mental health MPs have spoken of their mental health issues with one suggesting raising it in public may affect his career and another labelled himself a "practising fruitcake" Personal budgets for older people to be reviewed Think Local Act Personal probe to address concerns that personal budgets are not working as well for older people as other groups Councils cutting 2bn from adult care over two years Association of Directors of Adult Social Services urges government to put in place sustainable funding system as survey finds 890m due to be taken out of care budgets this year

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International News

Poor Diagnosis In Denmark Of Anxiety Disorders In Children Only few children suffering from anxiety disorders undergo treatment Controversial Changes To Criteria For Substance Use Disorders In New Edition Of The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Every new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders stirs up a host of questions and controversies, and the next DSM - the DSM-5, to be published in 2013 - is no exception US Army Adds Behavioral Health Screening To Primary Care To Improve Outcomes For PTSD American Soldiers are reaping the rewards of an innovative Army program designed to identify and treat Soldiers at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression earlier by conducting behavioral health screening at all primary care visits Beta Amyloid May Be The Key To Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's In Healthy Patients An arsenal of Alzheimer's research revealed at the Society of Nuclear Medicine's 59th Annual Meeting indicates that beta-amyloid plaque in the brain not only is involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease but may also precede even mild cognitive decline Computer Simulations Help Children With Social Anxiety Overcome Fears Researchers want to give more children with social anxiety the practice they need to become comfortable in social situations

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RESEARCH RESEARCH

Premature birth linked to worse mental health Being born prematurely is linked to an increased risk of a range of mental health problems much later in life, according to researchers

Addictions
Substance abuse, alcoholism, Prozac Can Prevent Adolescent Drug Abuse Treating adolescents for major depression can also reduce their chances of abusing drugs later on, a secondary benefit found in a five-year study of nearly 200 youths at 11 sites across the United States Associations between behavioral disinhibition and cocaine use history in individuals with cocaine dependence Behavioral disinhibition has been suggested as both a cause and consequence of substance use disorders. Many studies examining associations between behavioral disinhibition and substance use history have focused on individuals with alcohol dependence or non-dependent college students Unmet need for treatment for substance use disorders across race and ethnicity The objective was to analyze disparities in unmet need for substance use treatment and to observe variation across different definitions of need for treatment Patients 13 To 24 Given Opioids For Pain More Than Twice As Likely To Become Addicted If They Have Mental Health Disorder Long-term use and abuse of opioid painkillers, such as OxyContin and Vicodin, has markedly increased in the United States in the last two decades Alcohol and Substance Misuse in Older Adults With the Baby Boom cohort reaching the age of 65 years, the older adult population is growing and will continue to grow at a rapid rate. Promoting new practices to increase access to and retention in addiction treatment: An analysis of five communication channels Addiction treatment programs adopt evidence-based practices slowly, in part because adopting a new practice is a process, not an event Prenatal ethanol exposure leads to greater ethanol-induced appetitive reinforcement Prenatal ethanol significantly heightens later alcohol consumption, but the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon are poorly understood Efficacy of disulfiram and Twelve Step Facilitation in cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone: A randomized placebo-controlled trial Cocaine use remains a major problem within methadone maintenance programs. Disulfiram's efficacy in reducing cocaine use has been demonstrated in several trials, but its relative efficacy
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among individuals who use versus abstain from alcohol remains unclear The influence of paternal and maternal drinking patterns within two-partner families on the initiation and development of adolescent drinking As it is still unclear to what extent parental drinking is a predictor of children's alcohol use, we tested the association of specific paternal and maternal drinking patterns and both initiation and development of adolescent alcohol use

Anxiety Disorders

Examining the Incremental Contribution of Behavioral Inhibition to Generalized Anxiety Disorder Relative to Other Axis I Disorders and Cognitive-Emotional Vulnerabilities The goal of the present study was to investigate the incremental contribution of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity to the presence of a current generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) diagnosis relative to other Axis I disorders Interrelationships between spider fear associations, attentional disengagement and selfreported fear: A preliminary test of a dual-systems model Recent conceptualisations of anxiety posit that equivocal findings related to the time-course of disengaging from threat-relevant stimuli may be attributable to individual differences in associative and rule-based processing Combining Computerized Home-Based Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: An Attention Modification Program and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and disabling condition associated with significant personal and societal costs The Roles of Emotional Reactivity and Tolerance in Generalized, Social, and Health Anxiety: A Multi-Method Exploration Emotion regulation difficulties have been implicated in the maintenance of many anxiety disorders Clinical staging model applied to young people presenting with social anxiety Although the use of illness-staging models in clinical medicine has proved particularly useful, the concept has not been widely applied in mental health

Dementia
Alzheimers New Multitarget Molecule Designed With High Potential in Future Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease Researchers at Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona (UAB), the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of Barcelona (UB) have developed a multitarget molecule, ASS234, which according to the results of in vitro studies conducted, inhibits the aggregation of
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the -amyloid protein, involved in Alzheimer's disease New Multitarget Molecule Acts Simultaneously On Several Targets In The Brain, Boosts Cognitive Function In Alzheimer's Disease Researchers have developed a multitarget molecule, ASS234, which according to the results of in vitro studies conducted, inhibits the aggregation of the beta-amyloid protein, involved in Alzheimer's disease The development of effective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: a review There is a widely recognised need to develop effective Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers to aid the development of disease-modifying treatments, to facilitate early diagnosis and to improve clinical care Fish oils 'don't help ward off dementia' Taking fish-oil supplements to ward off dementia could be a waste of time, say researchers who have reviewed the best available evidence Alzheimer's-Linked Gene May Have More Effect on Women Study looked at common gene variant and brain disruption Diagnosis and disclosure of dementia A comparative qualitative study of Irish and Swedish General Practitioners To explore the attitudes of Irish and Swedish General Practitioners (GPs) to the diagnosis and disclosure of dementia to patients; to investigate GP under-graduate/post-graduate training in dementia; to examine the post-diagnostic support services available to GPs in both countries and to investigate the extent to which dementia is perceived as stigmatising Walking Speed May Signal Early Signs of Dementia A new study shows that changes in walking speed later in life may signal the early stages of dementia Alzheimer's gene 'diabetes link' Scientists say they have identified a possible genetic link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease Seniors' Attitude on Age May Affect Dementia Test Results: Study Health professionals should account for self-perception before making a diagnosis, researchers say Characterizing the Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer's Disease and the Prospect of Presymptomatic Intervention Studies of asymptomatic carriers of genes that are known to predispose to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have facilitated the characterization of preclinical AD

Depression
Bipolar disorders Exercise 'no help for depression', research suggests Combining exercise with conventional treatments for depression does not improve recovery, research suggests Telephone Therapy Effective for Treating Depression
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Reduced attrition; but patients who undergo face-to-face therapy are less depressed at six months Guilt In Depression Has Different Brain Response, Suggesting Freud Was Right The brains of people with depression, even in remission, respond differently to feelings of guilt Factors linked to relapse risk in bipolar disorder identified A higher number of previous mood episodes and living in a mixed urban/rural area are associated with an increased risk for relapse in patients with bipolar disorder Partner report of paternal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression ScalePartner Similar to maternal depression, paternal depression may have adverse effects on the family environment (e.g., partner mental health, child behavior) Major depressive disorder in the perinatal period: using data linkage to inform perinatal mental health policy This study aims to investigate hospital admission of major depressive disorders (MDD) before and after birth Cost-effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with atypical antipsychotics for acute treatment of major depressive disorder While the clinical utility of atypical antipsychotics has been established in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who are refractory to antidepressant therapy, their costeffectiveness is unknown Quetiapine for the treatment of acute bipolar mania, mixed episodes and maintenance therapy Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood instability, which can be challenging to manage. Firstline pharmacological approaches usually involve lithium, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics Examination of the Effectiveness of the Mental Health Environment of Care Checklist in Reducing Suicide on Inpatient Mental Health UnitsMental Health Environment of Care Checklist Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. While suicides occurring during psychiatric hospitalization represent a very small proportion of the total number of suicides, these events are highly preventable owing to the controlled nature of the environment Brain training 'helps treat depression' A brain training technique which helps people control activity in a specific part of the brain could help treat depression, a study suggests Mania develops in late adolescence There is an increasing prevalence of bipolar disorder over adolescence, with late adolescence the peak period for the development of mania, research shows Antidepressants Affect Emotional Temperament Effects on emotional temperament contribute to effectiveness of antidepressants Reproductive stage progression linked to worsening bipolar disorder Results from a US study of women with bipolar disorder suggests that the illness may worsen with progression toward the later stages of reproductive life NMDA antibodies increased in mania patients Patients with bipolar disorder show increased levels of antibodies to the NR2 subunits of the Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor during periods of acute mania
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Mania symptom profile changes with age A review of published studies shows that there are significant age-group differences in the prominence of specific symptoms of mania among patients with bipolar disorder

Dual Diagnosis

Designing evidence-based treatments for youth with multiple and complex needs: a modular practice elements approach Young people receiving services for substance use problems often experience high rates of other psychosocial problems in addition to mental disorders Can Twelve step fellowship and Cognitive Behaviour work together A hypothesis on an integrated treatment approach for mild dual diagnosis The purpose of this paper is to investigate current research in the field of addiction treatment utilising CBT and twelve step fellowship methods and to create an evidence base for the use of an integrated treatment method using the two approaches Craving as a Predictor of Treatment Outcomes in Heavy Drinkers with Comorbid Depressed Mood Alcohol and depression comorbidity is high and is associated with poorer outcomes following treatment. The ability to predict likely treatment response would be advantageous for treatment planning Childhood and Adolescent Risk Factors for Comorbid Depression and Substance Use Disorders in Adulthood The comorbidity of major depression and substance use disorders is well documented. However, thorough understanding of prevalence and early risk factors for comorbidity in adulthood is lacking, particularly among urban African Americans Assessment of co-occurring depression and substance use in an ethnically diverse patient sample during behavioral health intake interviews Co-occurring disorders present a challenge for providers who often fail to diagnose them with accuracy

Eating Disorders

Restricted Food Intake A Predictor Of Increased Suicide Attempts In Body Dysmorphic Disorder Patients Rhode Island Hospital and Auburn University researchers found a link between restrictive food intake, or excessive dieting, and an increase in suicide attempts in people with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Epidemiology of Eating Disorders: Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality Rates Eating disorders are relatively rare among the general population. This review discusses the
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literature on the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of eating disorders What can Cognitive Neuroscience Teach us about Anorexia Nervosa? Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex illness and highly challenging to treat. One promising approach to significantly advance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AN involves developing a cognitive neuroscience model of illness Expressed Emotion in Families of Patients with Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature To review studies assessing Expressed Emotion among parents/relatives of patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Forensic Psychiatry

Self-control and jail inmates substance misuse post-release: Mediation by friends substance use and moderation by age This study examined the relationship between two risk factors for substance misuse (selfcontrol, substance using friends) and changes in jail inmates substance misuse from preincarceration to post-release Are validity scales useful for detecting deliberately faked personality tests? A study in incarcerated populations Personality self-report questionnaires are frequently used in forensic settings to detect psychopathology, to predict recidivism, and to assess adaptability to life in prison

Learning Disabilities

Antioxidant May Reduce Irritability In Kids With Autism Researchers have found that a specific antioxidant, called N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), may reduce irritability in children with autism Less folic acid in pregnancy tied to autism: study In a new study of California moms, women whose children had autism recalled getting less folic acid through food and supplements early in their pregnancies than those whose kids didn't develop the disorder Children With Learning Disorders Might Not Benefit From Memory Training Programs Children with disorders, such as dyslexia or attention-deficit/hyperactivity, are not likely to benefit from working memory training, say researchers The Sensory Gating Inventory as a potential diagnostic tool for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often made rapidly in physicians offices without thorough assessment
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Pharmacotherapy to control behavioral symptoms in children with autism Autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified are pervasive developmental disorders frequently associated with behavioral symptoms that may require pharmacotherapy to manage Teaching Social Skills To Autistic Teens Proves Effective Over Long Term Elizabeth Laugeson, director of the PEERS Clinic and a UCLA assistant clinical professor of psychiatry, and colleagues report that in a long-term follow-up study, they found that the skills taught and learned stayed with the kids - and in some cases even improved Behaviour problems, maternal internalising symptoms and family relations in families of adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome Studies have linked the behaviour problems of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) to maternal well-being, but less is known about how behaviour problems relate to important family factors such as marital satisfaction and family cohesion

Nursing Research

Assessing falls risk in older adult mental health patients: A Western Australian review Falls are a common and costly complication of hospitalization, particularly in older adult populations. This paper presents the results of a review of 139 falls at two older adult mental health services in Western Australia Stigma Associated With Mental Illness In Adolescence Health experts agree that reducing the stigma associated with adolescent mental illness is an essential step toward increasing the number of teenagers who seek the help they need Psychosocial Rehabilitation Activities, Empowerment, and Quality of Community-Based Life for People With Schizophrenia Many variables influencing quality of life (QOL) for outpatients with schizophrenia have been identified from prior studies

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Disgust and Fear Responding in Contamination based Obsessive Compulsive Disorder during Pictorial Exposure The emotion of disgust has been implicated in the development and maintenance of contamination-based obsessive compulsive disorder Cognitive Biases and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Children: Examining the Role of Maternal Cognitive Bias and Child Age Multiple cognitive biases associated with adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were tested in a clinical sample of children (ages 711) and adolescents (1217) and their mothers
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Occupational Therapy

Cultural Lens on Mental Illness: Four Clients Share Their Perspectives People served by mental health providers represent diverse cultural groups. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to collect data A Natural Approach in Mental Health Practice: Occupational Adaptation Revealed A single case study of the stories told by one occupational therapist about her clients in mental health settings is presented in this article Barriers to and facilitators for the use of an evidence-based occupational therapy guideline for older people with dementia and their carers Implementing evidence-based guidelines is not a simple task. This study aimed to define barriers to and facilitators for implementing the proven and effective Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia (COTiD) guideline for older people with dementia and their carers

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

D-cycloserine Enhances PTSD Psychotherapy Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is among the most common, distressing, and disabling medical consequences of combat or other extremely stressful life events Cognitive control of attention is differentially affected in trauma-exposed individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder This study aimed to determine whether patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show difficulty in recruitment of the regions of the frontal and parietal cortex implicated in topdown attentional control in the presence and absence of emotional distracters PTSD Linked To Hidden Head Injuries Suffered In Combat Even when brain injury is so subtle that it can only be detected by an ultra-sensitive imaging test, the injury might predispose soldiers in combat to post-traumatic stress disorder A preliminary investigation of the new and revised symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in dsm-5 Research has shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly comorbid with other mental disorders

Psychology

Novel guidelines manage youth maladaptive aggression Recommendations for the engagement, assessment, treatment, and management of
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maladaptive aggression in youth have been developed by US experts to improve treatment planning and selection Outreach with Street-Involved Youth: A Quantitative and Qualitative Review of the Literature Outreach workers meet with street-involved youth in their environment, and attempt to engage them in services vital to their well-being Effects of Parenting and Deviant Peers on Early to Mid-Adolescent Conduct Problems We investigated the influence of effective parenting behaviors (father and mother reports) and deviant peer association (adolescent reports) on subsequent young adolescent conduct problems (teacher reports) during grades 79, using structural equation modeling Integrative Body-Mind Training Prompts Double Positive Punch In Brain White Matter Scientists studying the Chinese mindfulness meditation known as integrative body-mind training (IBMT) say they've confirmed and expanded their findings on changes in structural efficiency of white matter in the brain that can be related to positive behavioral changes in subjects practicing the technique regularly for a month

Schizophrenia

Pathophysiologic differences evident between schizophrenia, bipolar Review findings reveal differences in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia, relating specifically to the medial temporal lobe and associated limbic regions Low pre-morbid IQ not associated with psychosis risk The strong correlations currently observed between low IQ and risk for psychosis are most likely linked to the influence that psychosis onset has on cognitive functioning rather than a shared genetic background Eye-viewing tests identify schizophrenic patients Viewing tests that detect eye movement can accurately identify patients with schizophrenia, research shows Specific personality traits linked to suicide risk in schizophrenia Patients with schizophrenia who have a history of suicide attempts show a different pattern of temperament and character traits compared with their nonsuicidal counterparts Hot weather increases death risk in psychosis patients Hot weather is associated with increased mortality rates among patients with psychosis, dementia, or substance use disorder, UK research shows Oxidative stress linked to NSS severity in schizophrenia The severity of neurologic soft signs (NSS) negatively correlates with antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity in patients with schizophrenia, research shows Adjunctive intranasal oxytocin improves verbal memory in people with schizophrenia Cognitive deficits are a prominent, disabling component of schizophrenia and current pharmacological treatments have demonstrated limited efficacy in their amelioration. Oxytocin though it has shown promise as a novel antipsychotic in multiple clinical trials has as-yet poorly characterized effects on cognition, with some evidence indicating an amnestic profile
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Emotion perception impaired in patients at risk for psychosis Patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis, as well as those with first-episode schizophrenia, show significant impairments in facial and vocal emotion recognition

Social Work

Parent-Child interaction therapy for preschool children with disruptive behaviour problems in the Netherlands Persistent high levels of aggressive, oppositional and impulsive behaviours, in the early lives of children, are significant risk factors for adolescent and adult antisocial behaviour and criminal activity Validation of a Brief PTSD Scale for Clients With Severe Mental Illnesses Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are more common in severe mental illnesses (SMI) clients than in the general population, yet brief screens for detecting probable PTSD in SMI clients are nonexistent

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FURTHER CONTENT FURTHER CONTENT

Books, Conferences, Websites & Journal Tocs

NEW PUBLICATIONS
Books and reports hot of the press Click the title to connect to the website entry Trauma, Psychopathology, and Violence Causes, Correlates, or Consequences? Management of Treatment-Resistant Major Psychiatric Disorders Psychological Therapies For Adults With Intellectual Disabilities The Sage Handbook of Social Work Functional Assessment For Challenging Behaviors Person-Centered Diagnosis and Treatment in Mental Health: A Model for Empowering Clients Nurse's Guide to Women's Mental Health Mental Health and Human Rights Vision, Praxis, and Courage Post-Traumatic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence: A Handbook of Research and Practice
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CONFERENCES
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WEBSITES
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JOURNAL TOC PAGES

New links in bold Follow the link below to a list of Journal TOC pages JOURNAL TOCs

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