Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164 www.elsevier.

com/locate/pnucene

Effect of different cross-section data sets on reectors of a typical material test research reactor
Siraj-ul-Islam Ahmad *, Nasir Ahmad, Aslam
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad-45650, Pakistan

Abstract Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of various neutron cross-section data sets on the effectiveness of different reector materials used in a typical MTR type research reactor by three-dimensional modeling of the reactor core using reactor simulation codes WIMS-D4 and CITATION. The use of old and newly released WIMSD libraries based on different cross-section data sets resulted in almost same effective reector thicknesses for the same reector materials, however, signicant differences were observed in reactivity worths of some reectors. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Cross-section; Reector worth; WIMSD; CITATION

1. Introduction To achieve accurate results from simulations in reactor physics and nuclear engineering, neutronnuclear reaction cross-sections data are upgraded regularly. Due to complexities and uncertainties involved in the evaluation of these values, huge efforts are required in obtaining and validating cross-sections of various materials. Different centers in USA, UK, Russia, Japan, China etc. continuously upgrade the cross-section data in standard ENDF-6 format (BNL, 2001). Some data les recently released by these centers are Evaluated Nuclear Data File ENDFB-VI (ENDF-201, 1991), Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library JENDL-3.2 (Nakagawa et al., 1995), Joint Evaluated File JEF-2.2 (IAEA, 1993), USSR Evaluated Nuclear Data Library BROND (Manokhin, 1989), Russian Evaluated Neutron Data Library FOND 2.2 (Blokhin, 1994) and Chinese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library CENDL-2 (IAEA, 1997). Among these les ENDFB, JENDL and JEF data les are frequently used for reactor simulations including the evaluation of benchmark problems dened for research and power reactors (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005, Ahmad et al., 2004, Elam and Rearden, 2003, Hanlon and Smith, 2003, Okumura and Mori, 2003; Ravnik and Jeraj, 2003; Santos et al., 2001; Yamamoto et al., 2003). Development of a cross-section library for any specic reactor physics simulation code needs a lot of work so that the information in the original data les is preserved in processing the data in required condensed energy group structure. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has recently conducted a project (WLUP, 2001) to update the cross-section library of the reactor simulation code WIMSD (Winfrith Improved Multigroup Scheme version-D), one of the widely used deterministic computation tools for basic reactor physics computations including burnup calculations in a wide variety of reactor types (Roth et al., 1967). It is a general purpose, one-dimensional multigroup
* Corresponding author. Tel.: C92 51 207382 4, fax: C92 51 9223727. E-mail address: sirajisl@yahoo.co.uk (S.I. Ahmad).

0149-1970/$ - see front matter q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2005.09.001

156

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

neutron transport theory code and can be used to simulate the lattice cell for variety of geometries. It calculates cell averaged group constants, such as diffusion coefcients, absorption and ssion cross-sections, scattering matrix for a given number of energy groups, and the innite multiplication factor for the cell. Buckling can be provided if calculation of effective multiplication factor is needed. The cross-section library used with the code provides the knowledge of the various relevant neutronnuclear multigroup reaction cross-sections, information about number of fast, resonance and thermal groups, their energy boundaries, ssion spectrum, burnup data for each nuclide in the library, microscopic cross-sections, resonance tabulation and P1 scattering matrices for principal moderators like hydrogen, graphite etc. Using this library, WIMSD rst computes cell averaged parameters with simplied geometric representation for all library groups, and then using these cell averaged parameters condensed cross-sections for specied number of groups are computed with detailed geometry. The D4 version of the code was released initially in 1981 with its 69-group UK origin library having 14 fast, 13 resonance and 42 thermal groups. Due to its freely availability and versatility WIMS-D4 has been used widely by laboratories worldwide for research, analysis and design of various types of research and power reactors, especially in developing countries. New cross-section libraries for the code generated from JEF2.2, JENDL3.2, and ENDFB-VI R.8 have been made available as a result of WIMSD Library Update Project. Moreover, an integrated library WIMSD-IAEA has been also developed by taking suitable materials data from different cross-section sources (Leszczynski et al., 2003). These libraries have been tested using the benchmark problems formulated for different type of research and power reactors. Previously analyses of the ux spectra in Pakistan research reactor-1 (PARR-1), an MTR type research reactor utilizing uranium fuel of w20% enrichment in 235U were carried out using all recently released cross-section libraries of WIMSD by IAEA. Similar mutual differences were observed in results of these libraries based on different crosssection data sets as reported by Okumura and Mori (2003) while using the Monte Carlo code MVP and its libraries based on same cross-section data sets (Ahmad et al., 2004). Moreover, newly released libraries resulted in better agreement between theoretical and experimental results as compared to the old 1981 library, when the core of Pakistan research reactor-1 was modeled in three-dimensions (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005). As PARR-1 core is surrounded by light water reector on all sides, and our previous studies using three-dimensional modeling of the core and reectors concluded that the main source of discrepancy is differences in cross-sections of hydrogen bounded in water. It was therefore deemed necessary to study the effect of the cross-sections up-gradation on the effectiveness of different reectors including light water surrounding the reactor core. This is also required because numerical algorithms employed in different computer codes for simulations in reactor physics are expensive in terms of execution time, which in turn depends upon the number of calculation points (meshes). The methodologies employed in the computer codes especially for two- and three-dimensional calculations restrict the user to choose small enough mesh size to reduce the numerical approximation errors, due to which only a small increase in thickness of the reector region can cause enormous increase in the simulation time. For this reason, optimal thickness of the reector on all sides of the core is chosen so that it is sufcient to reect most of the neutrons as well as further addition of the reector does not contribute in the integral parameters such as reactivity of the system. The reective properties of materials depend on their neutronnuclear reaction cross-sections. Light elements are used as reectors for their good scattering properties especially light water, graphite, heavy water and beryllium. In this article, the effect of different cross-section libraries on reactivity worth and the effective reector thickness of different materials used as reectors in PARR-1 are analyzed. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reactor description Pakistan research reactor-1 is a swimming pool type research reactor. It employs typical MTR type at plate fuel elements. In 1991, the reactor was converted from 93% enriched uranium fuel to 20% enriched uranium fuel. The reactor power was also increased from 5 MW to 9 MW in order to get higher neutron uxes as well as to compensate the reduction in neutron ux due to higher concentration of 238U in the converted core. The core of PARR-1 consists of an assembly of standard fuel elements (SFE) and control fuel elements (CFE) mounted on the grid plate. The core conguration has been changing from start-up to full power operation. Demineralised light water is used as coolant, moderator and reector. However, using specially designed reector elements the light water can be replaced on any one or more sides with other reectors such as graphite, beryllium etc. Table 1 illustrates some details of the core.

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164 Table 1 Data for low enriched uranium core of Pakistan research reactor-1 used for analysis Reactor type Grid plate positions Active core geometry positions Lattice pitch, mm2 Cladding material Coolant Moderator Number of standard fuel elements Number of control fuel elements Swimming pool type MTR 9!6 4!5 81.0!77.1 Aluminium Water Water 17 3

157

The shielding is provided by water and concrete. The reactor core is immersed in either of the two sections of the concrete pool, which is lled with water. The experimental facilities around PARR-1 consist of six radial beam tubes, a tangential through tube, graphite thermal column, three independent pneumatic rabbit stations, a hot cell, dry gamma irradiation cell, and a bulk irradiation area. The core conguration of the reactor used in this work is shown in Fig. 1, consisting of 17 standard fuel elements and three control fuel elements and is surrounded from three sides with light water, and the fourth side with the reector of choice. 2.1.1. Standard and control fuel element The standard fuel element of LEU core of PARR-1 consists of 23 at fuel plates as shown in Fig. 2 (Ahmad et al., 2004). Each fuel element contains 1451 g of uranium having 290 g of 235U. The fuel meat is sandwiched between aluminum cladding. The clad thickness is 0.38 mm except for the two outermost plates, where clad thickness is 0.495 mm. The active height of the fuel element is 600 mm. The physical dimensions of the fuel element are 79.63! 75.92 mm, so that there is a water gap of 1.19 mm between the side plates of two adjacent fuel elements. Similarly, there is a water gap of 1.37 mm between the two fuel elements in the direction perpendicular to the fuel plates. Table 2 gives details of design parameters of the element. The control fuel element of PARR-1 core is shown in Fig. 3 (Ahmad et al., 2005). The CFE consists of a control gap (including guide plates and extra cooling channels) sandwiched between two fuel bearing regions having seven
Z X

Water
SFE SFE SFE

77.1 mm

SFE

SFE

SFE

SFE

CFE

SFE

SFE

Water

SFE

CFE

SFE

CFE

SFE

SFE

SFE

SFE REFLECTOR

SFE

SFE

SFE
CFE

Standard Fuel Element Control Fuel Element Reflector of Choice

Fig. 1. Conguration of a low enriched uranium core of PARR-1.

81.0 mm

Water

158

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

66.92 1.5

4.5

1.27

79.63

2.1

1.88

62.75 75.92
Fig. 2. Standard fuel element of PARR-1 (all dimensions are in mm).

and six fuel plates. The control rod moves in the empty space in centre of control fuel element. The fuel plates are identical to those in the standard fuel element. Control fuel element contains 163.9 g of 235U. In the control region between the guide plates, the side plates have an increased thickness of 7.08 mm instead of 4.5 mm to get good coolant ow distribution. The overall physical dimensions of the CFE are the same as those of SFE. Details of control fuel element are given in Table 2. 2.2. The reactor simulation code CITATION The reactor analysis code CITATION solves the neutron diffusion equation in one, two and three-dimensions for in-core calculations using nite difference technique (Fowler et al., 1972). Explicit, nite difference approximations in space and time have been implemented with Chebychev polynomials adjustments for acceleration parameters. The neutron ux eigenvalue problems are solved by direct iteration to determine the multiplication factor (keff), or the nuclide densities required for a critical system. The code also provides zone averaged neutron uxes for each group and power densities for the whole core dimensions. Several geometries including one, two- and three-dimensional slab, cylinder and two- and three-dimensional hexagonal and triangular geometries can be modeled for computations using this code. The code requires geometry specications of the problem and cross-sections for each energy group for different zones specied in the geometric congurations. Depletion problems can be solved and fuel management for multi-cycle analysis. The code has also been used along with WIMSD code for reactor physics calculations for different thermal research and power reactors (Aziz and Andrzejewski, 2000; Bhuiyan et al., 2000; Basher and Neal, 2003; Dalle et al., 2002; Khan et al., 2004; Zaker, 2003).

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164 Table 2 Standard and control fuel elements description of Pakistan research reactor-1 (Ahmad et al, 2005) Fuel material Fuel enrichment, w% Fuel element dimensions (mm3) Shape of fuel plates Coolant channel thickness (mm) Uranium density (g/cm3) Weight of 235U (g) Number of fuel plates Number of dummy plates Fuel plate dimensions (mm) U3Si2Al 19.99 79.63!75.92!600.00 Flat 2.10 3.28 290.0 163.9 23 13 Nil 2 66.92 1.27 1.50 0.380 0.495 600.00 62.75 0.51 4.50 79.63 1.19 1.37

159

Thickness of clad (mm) Fuel meat dimensions (mm)

Side plates dimensions (mm) Water gap between fuel elements (mm)

Standard fuel element Control fuel element Standard fuel element Control fuel element Standard fuel element Control fuel element Width Thickness (Inner plates) Thickness (Outer plates) Inner plates Outer plates Length Width Thickness Thickness Width Parallel to side plates Perpendicular to side plates

66.92 1.5

1.5

28.6

79.63

61.75

2.1

1.88

62.75 75.92
Fig. 3. Control fuel element of PARR-1 (all dimensions are in mm).

160

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

2.3. Methodology The WIMS-D4 and CITATION codes were used to model the PARR-1 core in three-dimensions for analysis of the core. The effects of using newly released libraries as well as old available libraries on effectiveness of different reectors were studied. The group structure of new libraries is the same as that in the 1981 WIMSD library, having 14 fast, 13 resonance and 42 thermal groups. The detailed energy group structure for this type of libraries can be seen elsewhere (Ahmad et al., 2004). The fast neutron energy range is from 9.118 keV to 10 MeV, and the thermal neutron energy is below 4.0 eV. Core calculations were performed in three-dimensions using reactor simulation code CITATION. Fueled and non-fueled portions of each standard and control fuel element were modeled separately assuming all control rods withdrawn. The number densities in fuel regions are calculated using the following correlation between the volume fraction of porosity (VP) and the volume fractions of U3Si2 dispersant (VF) in the fuel meat. (Snelgrove et al., 1987) VP Z 0:072VF K0:275VF C 1:32VF The CITATION code needs macroscopic absorption and n times ssion cross-sections, diffusion coefcient (D) and scattering matrix for each region. The macroscopic group constants for various regions in the core and different reectors were generated in three energy groups with upper energy boundaries 10.000 MeV, 9.118 keV, 4.000 eV with WIMS-D4 code using all six available libraries i.e. four newly released libraries ENDFB, IAEA, JEF, JENDL and two previously available 1981 and 1986 WIMSD libraries. Plate type fuel cell with the SLAB geometry option of WIMS-D4 was used in these computations. A typical set of macroscopic group constants for the four-reector materials, i.e. light water, heavy water, beryllium and graphite obtained using IAEA library are presented in Table 3. The preprocessing program XSECL developed by Ahmad and Ahmad (2005) was used to generate macroscopic group constants library along with ssion spectrum in the input format of CITATION code from WIMS-D4 output. All the six libraries were used one by one to generate group constants with WIMS-D4 code. Same three-dimensional modeling of the core with these different sets of cross-sections was used to obtain results. The details of procedure for this modeling can be seen elsewhere (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005), where the methodology has also been validated for IAEA 10 MW benchmark reactor as well as by comparison with experimental results of PARR-1. To calculate the worth and the effective thickness of a reector, the thickness of the reector was increased in steps and the effective multiplication factor was calculated at each step. The worth of the reector at each of these thicknesses was obtained by subtracting the excess reactivity of the core calculated without reector from that of the reactivity of core calculated with the reector of taken thickness. The reactivity of the core initially increases rapidly with an increase in reector thickness; this change in reactivity per unit thickness decreases with increase in thickness and approaches a value where further addition in the reector thickness is insignicant (i.e. change in reactivity is very small). No further calculations were carried out when the change in the values of reector worth became less than 1.0 pcm per centimeter.
Table 3 Group constants for different reectors computed using WIMS-D4 code and IAEA library to use in CITATION input Material Beryllium Group (n) 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 D (cm) 8.3488!10K1 4.7295!10K1 4.8616!10K1 1.4280 9.2816!10K1 8.6313!10K1 1.4130 1.2115 8.1641!10K1 1.6306 5.9616!10K1 1.5506!10K1 Sa(cmK1) 0.0000 2.7929!10K5 8.6727!10K4 1.6291!10K5 6.2852!10K6 2.0249!10K4 8.9210!10K6 9.2087!10K7 3.3235!10K5 2.9295!10K4 5.0876!10K4 1.8305!10K2 Ss(n/1) (cmK1) 3.8082!10K1 0.0000 0.0000 2.2615!10K1 0.0000 0.0000 2.0832!10K1 0.0000 0.0000 1.3155!10K1 0.0000 0.0000 Ss(n/2) (cmK1) 2.0077!10K2 6.8377!10K1 2.0611!10K6 7.2656!10K3 3.5126!10K1 2.7923!10K6 2.7588!10K2 2.5109!10K1 7.8417!10K7 7.2543!10K2 3.7390!10K1 2.7610!10K6 Ss(n/3) (cmK1) 0.0000 2.0996!10K2 6.8478!10K1 0.0000 7.8674!10K3 3.8598!10K1 0.0000 2.4048!10K2 4.0826!10K1 4.2631!10K5 1.8472!10K1 2.1315

Graphite

Heavy water

Light water

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

161

100

Reactivity Worth (mk)

80 Heavy Water Beryllium Graphite 40 Light Water

60

20

10

20

30

40

50

Thickness (cm)
Fig. 4. Reactivity worth as function of reector thickness.

3. Results 3.1. Effectiveness of different reector materials The worth of a reector as a function of thickness for different reector materials computed using IAEA library is plotted in Fig. 4. The reector beryllium is most effective among the four reectors, heavy water and graphite have nearly same effectiveness. The light water is more effective than graphite and heavy water up to 7.0 cm. Table 4 presents the effective thickness of these reectors computed from different cross-section sets. The effective reector thickness (tabulated here) is the minimum thickness for which the increase in worth of the reector per cm is less than 1.0 pcm. It can be seen from the table, that the effective thickness of a reector agrees within 1.0 cm for all libraries. Moreover, it is clear that taking a large enough reector thickness as three times of the dimension of fuel element in respective side in CITATION calculations (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005) does not affect the results, but a large fraction of simulation time is spent for doing calculations in the reector region without any signicant improvement in the results. 3.2. Worth of reectors using different cross-section libraries Since different cross-section sets have effect on the criticality and neutron energy spectrum of the PARR-1 (Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005), it was necessary to study the effect of new cross-section libraries on effectiveness of reectors. For this purpose, the worth of different reectors was analyzed using all libraries. The worth initially increased sharply with thickness and then saturated at some value as can be seen from Fig. 5 where worths are plotted as a function of reector thickness. The gure also shows the differences in worth of a reector computed using different cross-section libraries. Fig. 5(a) shows that most of libraries give near results for heavy water and Fig. 5(b) shows that out of six libraries four resulted in close results for beryllium, while the results from all libraries for the remaining two reectors are scattered. The maximum worth that can be obtained for the four reectors is listed in Table 5. It can be seen from this table that the IAEA and ENDF libraries give same results. It is due to the reason that both have same crosssections for these reector materials, and also the neutron energy spectra for PARR-1 obtained using both libraries are
Table 4 The computed effective reector thicknesses for different reectors for PARR-1 Reector Heavy water Graphite Beryllium Light water Effective thickness (cm) ENDFB 38 32 38 13 IAEA 38 31 37 13 JENDL 38 32 38 13 JEF 39 31 37 13 WIMS86 39 32 37 13 WIMS81 38 32 37 13

162

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

80 76 Worth (mk)

(a)

100 (b) 95 90 Worth (mk)

72 68 64 60 56 10

85 80 75 70 65

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

60

12

16

Thickness (cm) 76 74 72 Worth (mk) Worth (mk) 70 68 66 64 62 60 58

15 20 25 30 35 Thickness (cm) 40 45 50

20 24 28 Thickness (cm)

32

36

40

48

(c)
46

(d)

44

42

40

10

12

14

16

18

Thickness (cm) IAEA JENDL JEF WIMS86 WIMS81

ENDFB

Fig. 5. Reactivity worths of: (a) Heavy water; (b) Beryllium; (c) Graphite; (d) Light water reector as function of their thickness for different crosssection libraries.

very close to each other (Ahmad et al., 2004; Ahmad and Ahmad, 2005). The JENDL library resulted in slightly less worth than IAEA library with maximum difference (1.3%) for graphite, while signicant differences among new libraries are for JEF library having 3% greater worth for beryllium. The 1981 WIMSD library resulted in beryllium worth within 1% of newly released libraries, while signicant differences of about 6% for heavy water are observed. The 1986 WIMSD library resulted in maximum worth of beryllium i.e. 4% greater than IAEA library. The effect of reector thickness was further investigated by using large enough reector thicknesses and examining ux change in reector region as a function of distance from the central plane of the core. To clearly view the change in ux the ratio of uxes to the peak ux (maximum ux in core) are plotted. The fast, epithermal and thermal group uxes as a function of distance from core centre for the four reectors are plotted in Fig. 6, where the reector region starts at 16.2 cm. For D2O reector, the uxes of fast group become 0.1% of the peak value at about
Table 5 Maximum worth of different reectors computed using different cross-section libraries Reector Heavy water Graphite Beryllium Light Water Worth (mk) ENDFB 81.7 75.7 96.6 47.6 IAEA 81.7 75.7 96.6 47.5 JENDL 81.3 74.7 96.3 47.1 JEF 80.7 74.2 93.6 46.6 WIMS86 81.9 75.4 100.3 47.9 WIMS81 77.0 73.3 96.2 46.4

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

163

1.0 (a) 0.8 Normalized Flux Normalized Flux 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

1.0 (b) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 100

Distance (cm) 1.0 (c) 0.8 Normalized Fluxes Normalized Flux 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance (cm) 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 1.0

Distance (cm)

(d)

40 50 60 Distance (cm)

70

80

90 100

Fast

Resonance

Thermal

Fig. 6. Three group normalized uxes as a function of distance from centre line of the core for (a) Heavy water; (b) Beryllium; (c) Graphite; and (d) Light water reectors.

54.0 cm from the core centre plane (reector thickness of 38 cm), while thermal ux decreases to about 25% at this thickness. Although the thermal neutron ux exists at thicknesses larger than those obtained in Fig. 6, as the diffusion coefcient and hence, the diffusion length for this group is smaller than the rst two groups, and the absorption crosssection is four times greater than that for the fast group as can be seen in Table 3, which makes it very less possible for the thermal neutrons to return back to active core area after diffusing through 38 cm reector layer. The same can be observed for the remaining three reector materials. 4. Conclusions Based on the study following conclusions may be drawn: Beryllium is the most effective and light water is the least effective reector among the four materials studied. However, light water reector is more effective than heavy water and graphite up to 7 cm thickness. The effective thickness of a reector obtained from all libraries is almost same. Water reector with a thickness 13 cm is enough for modeling of PARR-1 core with CITATION code. The maximum worths of all the reectors are same for both IAEA and ENDFB libraries due to the reason that data for these materials in development of IAEA library was taken from ENDFB-VI le. The worth of different reectors calculated using these libraries is highest among all the newly released libraries.

164

S.I. Ahmad et al. / Progress in Nuclear Energy 48 (2006) 155164

The worths obtained from JENDL library are slightly less than that of IAEA library and the JEF library resulted in least worths among all new libraries with a maximum difference of 3% for beryllium with IAEA library. The 1986 WIMSD library resulted in 4% greater worth for beryllium from IAEA library, while for other materials the results agree within 0.5%. The 1981 WIMSD library resulted in 6% lesser worth for heavy water, and 2.5% less worths for both graphite and light water as compared to results of IAEA library. The remaining worths agreed within 1%.

References
Ahmed, R., Aslam and Ahmad, N., 2005. Effect of high-density fuel loading on criticality of low enriched uranium fueled material test research reactors. Annals of Nuclear Energy 32, 2962. Ahmad, S.I., Ahmad, N., 2005. Effect of updated WIMSD Libraries on Neutron Energy Spectrum at Irradiation Site of Pakistan Research Reactor-1 using 3D Modeling. Annals of Nuclear Energy 32, 15211548. Ahmad, S.I., Ahmad, N., Aslam, 2004. Effect of New Cross section Evaluations on Criticality and Neutron Energy Spectrum of a Typical Material Test Reactor. Annals of Nuclear Energy 31, 18671881. Aziz, M., Andrzejewski, K., 2000. Criticality calculations for the spent fuel storage pools for Etrr_1 and Etrr_2 reactors. NUKLEONIKA 45, 141144. Basher, H. and Neal, J.S., 2003. Autonomous Control of Nuclear Power Plants, ORNL/TM-2003/252, Nuclear Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6283. Bhuiyan, S.I., Mondal, M.A.W., Sarker, M.M., Rahman, M., Shahdatullah, M.S., Huda, M.Q., et al., 2000. Criticality and safety parameter studies of a 3-MW TRIGA MARK-II research reactor and validation of the generated cross-section library and computational method. Nuclear Technology 130, 111131. Blokhin, A.I., 1994, Current Status of Russian Evaluated Neutron Data Libraries, Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Gatlingburg, Tennessee, May 9-13, American Nuclear Society. BNL, BNL-NCS-44945-01/04, 2001, ENDF-102 Data Formats and Procedures Evaluated Nuclear Data File ENDF-6, Revised April 2001. Dalle, H.M., Pereira, C., Souza, R.G.P., 2002. Neutronic calculation to the TRIGA Ipr-R1 reactor using the WIMSD4 and CITATION codes. Annals of Nuclear Energy 29, 901912. Elam, K.R., Rearden, B.T., 2003. Use of Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis to select Benchmark Experiments for the validation of Computer Codes and data. Nuclear Science and Engineering 145, 196212. ENDF-201, 1991. In: Rose, P.F. (Ed.), ENDF/B-VI Summary Documentation, BNL-NCS-17541. National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Fowler, T.B., Vondy, D.R., 1972. CITATION Code Report Distribution ORNL-TM-2496 Rev2 Hanlon, D., Smith, N., 2003. Use of international criticality safety benchmark evaluation project data to benchmark a JEF2.2 based library for MONK. Nuclear Science and Engineering 145, 120131. IAEA, 1993, The Evaluated Nuclear data Library of NEA Data Bank (JEF-2), IAEA-NDS-120, Rev.2. IAEA, 1997, Chinese Evaluated Neutron Data Library (CENDL-2), IAEA-NDS-61, Rev.4. Khan, M.J., Aslam and Ahmad, N., 2004. Neutronics analysis of natural uranium fueled, light water cooled, heavy water moderated and graphite reected nuclear reactors. Annals of Nuclear Energy 31, 13311356. Leszczynski, F., Aldama, D.L., Trkov, A., 2003, WIMS-D Library Update, Final Report of a Co-ordinated Research Project. Manokhin, V.N., 1989. BROND USSR Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, IAEA-NDS-90 Rev2 Nakagawa, T., Shibata, K., Chiba, S., 1995. Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version 3 Rev.-2, JENDL-3.2. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 32, 1259. Okumura, K., Mori, T., 2003. Integral Test of JENDL-3.3 for Thermal Reactors, Proc. of the 2002 Symposium on Nuclear Data, Tokai, Japan, Nov. 2122, JAERI-Conf, 2003-006 1521 Ravnik, M., Jeraj, R., 2003. Research Reactors Benchmarks. Nuclear Science and Engineering 145, 145152. Roth, M.J., Macdougall, J.D. and Kemshell, P.B., 1967, The preparation of Input Data for WIMS, AEEW-R538. Santos, A.D., Fuga, R., Jerez, R., Abe, A.Y., Filho, E.A., 2001. A proposal for benchmarking 235U nuclear data. Nuclear Science and Engineering 137, 5269. Snelgrove, J.L., Domagala, R.F., Hofman, G.L., Weincek, T.C., Copeland, G.L., Hobbs, R.W. and Senn, R.L., 1987, The Use of U3Si2 Dispersed in Aluminum in Plate-Type Fuel Elements for Research and Test Reactors, ANL/RERTR/TM-11. WLUP, 2001. The updated WIMS-D libraries derived from the basic evaluated data les and related documents are available at the web-site http:// www-rcp.ijs.si/_wlup. Yamamoto, T., Miyoshi, Y., Kiyosumi, T., 2003. Validating JENDL-3.3 for water reected low enriched uranium solution systems using STACY ICSBEP benchmark models. Nuclear Science and Engineering 145, 132144. Zaker, M., 2003. Effective delayed neutron fraction and prompt neutron lifetime of tehran research reactor. Annals of Nuclear Energy 30, 15911596.