4ACh01Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A
1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

10 x = 1.666 666 (2)

(2) (1) ,
Activity 1.1 (p. 28)

1.
x
x2
x
6
y
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 0 4 6 6 4 0 6
2.
3.
3, 2
x = 3 or
Let x = 0.1 2 ,
i.e. x = 0.121 212 (1)
100 x = 12.121 212 (2)
(2) (1) , 99 x = 12
12
x =
99
4
=
33
4
0.1 2 =
33
4.
Let x = 0.1 23 ,
i.e.
x = 0.123 123
1000 x = 123.123 123
(2) (1) ,
x=2
The quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be solved

graphically by reading the x-intercepts of the graph of
y = ax2 + bx + c.
Let x = 0.8 ,
i.e. x = 0.888 888 (1)
10 x = 8.888 888 (2)
(2) (1) , 9 x = 8
8
x=
9
8
0.8 =
9
1.
Let x = 0.16 ,
2.
999 x = 123
123
x=
999
41
=
333
41
0.1 23 =
333
Quadratic equation
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
5x2 = 6 x
x2 4 = 5x
3x2 = 4
8x = x2
2 x(3 x) = 0
(1 + x)(1 x) + 3x = 2
General form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
5x2 + x 6 = 0
x2 5x 4 = 0
3x2 + 0x 4 = 0
x2 8x + 0 = 0
x2 3x + 2 = 0
x2 3x + 1 = 0
p.8
1.
(a)
x2 10x + 16 = 0
(x 2)(x 8) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 2 or
x =8
(b) 2x2 + 13x + 15 = 0
(1)
(2)
p.6
Follow-up Exercise
p. 3
9 x = 1.5
90 x = 15
15
x =
90
1
=
6
1
0.16 =
6
3.
x2 + x 6 = 0
4.
( x + 3)( x 2) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0
5.
x = 0.166 666 (1)
i.e.
Activity
Value of
a b c
5 1 6
1 5 4
3 0 4
1 8 0
1 3 2
1 3 1
1
(2x + 3)(x + 5) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x + 5 = 0
3
x=
or
x = 5
2
(c)
2.
(a)
(b)
x = 1 or
1.
4 x 25 = 0
( 2 x + 5)(2 x 5) = 0
(a)
1
=0
4
x + 1 = 0 or 4 x 1 = 0
( x + 1)(4 x 1) = 0
The required equation is 4 x 2 + 3 x 1 = 0.

2
1
x=
or
x=
(b)
3
2
2
1
x = 0 or x + = 0
3
2
3x 2 = 0 or 2 x + 1 = 0
(3 x 2)(2 x + 1) = 0
6x 2 x 2 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 x 2 = 0.

2.
(a)
2x + 5 = 0
or 2 x 5 = 0
5
5
x=
or
x=
2
2
2 x 2 15 x 8 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 8) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 8 = 0
1
x=
or
x=8
2
(b) The roots of the required equation are
x ( x + 2) = 15
x 2 + 2 x = 15
(c)
i.e. 2 and
x + 2 x 15 = 0
( x + 5)( x 3) = 0
x+5= 0
or x 3 = 0
x = 5 or
x=3
2
x 2 4x + 3 = 0
( x 1)( x 3) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 1 or
x=3
Alternative Solution
( x + 1)( x 3) = 2( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3) 2( x 3) = 0
( x 3)[( x + 1) 2] = 0
( x 3)( x 1) = 0
x3= 0
or
x 1 = 0
x=3
or
x =1
p.10
3.
(a)
x=
1
8
1
=0
8
x + 2 = 0 or 8 x 1 = 0
( x + 2)(8 x 1) = 0
8 x 2 + 15 x 2 = 0
The required equation is 8x2 + 15x 2 = 0.
x+2=0
x 2 2x 3 = 2x 6
1
1
1 and
8
2
1
.
8
x = 2 or
( x + 1)( x 3) = 2( x 3)
(d)
1
4
4 x 2 + 3x 1 = 0
12 x 2 + x 6 = 0
( 4 x + 3)(3x 2) = 0
4x + 3 = 0
or 3 x 2 = 0
3
2
x=
or
x=
4
3
x=
x + 1 = 0 or x
3x 2 5 x 2 = 0
(3 x + 1)( x 2) = 0
3x + 1 = 0
or x 2 = 0
1
x=
or
x=2
3
4 x 2 = 25
Quadratic Equations in One Unknown
or
4 x 2 13 x 12 = 0
( 4 x + 3)( x 4) = 0
4x + 3 = 0
or x 4 = 0
3
x=
or
x=4
4
3
(b) The roots of the required equation are 4 and
2
4
3
, i.e. and 2.
2
8
3
x = or
x =2
8
3
x + =0
or
x 2 = 0
8
8x + 3 = 0 or
x2=0
(8 x + 3)( x 2) = 0
8 x 2 13x 6 = 0
The required equation is 8x2 13x 6 0.
(a)
(b)
2.
(a)
( x + 1) 2 = 9
x + 1 = 3
x = 1 + 3 or
= 2
or
1 3
4
( 2 x 3) 2 =
2x 3 =
2x = 3 + 2
5
x =
2
32
1
2
4
2
or
or
(a)
1
1
1
x + = x
3
6
6
8.
x2 +
5
5
5
x + = x +
2
4
4
p. 16
x2 8x 9 = 0
x2 8x = 9
2
x2 = 5
5 or 2
1.
(a)
8
8
x2 8x + = 9 +
2
2
( x 4) 2 = 25
x 4 = 5
x = 45
x + 1 = 6
4
1
x+
= 6
4
x = 9 or 1
2 x 5x 3 = 0
5
3
x2 x = 0
2
2
5
3
x2 x =
2
2
2
( x 3) 2 = 8
x3= 8
x = 3+ 8
5
3 5
5
x x+ = +
2
4
2 4

or 3 8
= 5.83 (cor. to 2. d.p.) or 0.17 (cor. to 2 d.p.)

5
2
(b) ( x + 2) =
4
5
x+2=
4
x+2=
x2
1
1
x = + 6 or 6
4
4
3.
7.
(b)
1
1
1
x + = x
2
4
4
( x 2) 2 = 5
x = 2+
x2
p.13
1.
6.
(b)
5
2
5
5
or 2
2
2
= 0.88 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 3.12 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
5
49
x =
4
16
5
7
x =
4
4
5 7
x=
4 4
= 3 or
x = 2 +
1
2
x2 + 7x 1 = 0
x2 + 7x = 1
7 2
x 2 + 7 x + = 1 +
2
p. 15
2
18
x 2 + 18 x + = ( x + 9) 2
2
1.
2.
12
x 2 12 x + = ( x 6) 2
2
3.
7
7
x2 + 7x + = x +
2
2
4.
8
x 2 + 8 x + = ( x + 4) 2
2
5.
9
9
x 2 9 x + = x
2
2
7
2
2.
(a)
x + 7 = 53
2
4
x+
7
53
=
2
2
7
53
x =
2
2
7 + 53
7 53
=
or
2
2
(b)
3x 2 6 x 2 = 0
2
x2 2x
= 0
3
2
x2 2x =
3
2
2
2
2 2
x 2 2 x + =
+
3 2
2
5
( x 1) 2 =
3
5
x 1 =
3
5
x = 1+
or 1
3
4.
Using the quadratic formula,

x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
82 4(1)( 3)
2(1)
8 52
2
8 2 13
=
2
= 4 + 13 or 4 13
5
3
4x = x 2 + 3
x + 4x 3 = 0
5.

x=
=
x =
b b 2 4ac
2a
4 42 4(1)(32)
2(1)
4 144
2
4 12
=
2
= 4 or 8
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 5)
1.
( 5) 2 4( 2)( 2)
2( 2 )
5 9
4
53
=
4
1
= 2 or
2
=
3x 2 = 10 x + 8
3.
3x 2 + 10 x 8 = 0
x=
=
b 2 4ac
2a
4 2 4(1)( 3)
2(1)
p. 25

b
4 28
2
42 7
=
2
= 2 + 7 or 2
2.
p.20
1.
Quadratic equations
Value of
x2 + 4x + 2 = 0
= 42 4(1)(2) = 8 > 0
2x2 3x 5 = 0
= (3)2 4(2)(5) = 49 > 0
2
x + 8x + 16 = 0
= 82 4(1)(16) = 0
2
2x + 5x = 0
= 52 4(2)(0) = 25 > 0
2
4x + 25 = 0
= 02 4(4)(25) = 400 < 0
Nature of roots
2 distinct
1 double real root
No real roots
real roots
The equation x2 9x + k = 0 has a double real root.

= 0
2.
b b 4ac
2a
2
10 10 2 4(3)(8)
2(3)
10 196
6
10 14
=
6
2
=
or 4
3
=
3.
( 9) 2 4(1)( k ) = 0
81 4k = 0
81
k =
4
The equation (2k 1)x2 + 3x 6 = 0 has no real
roots.

< 0
(b)
3 4( 2k 1)( 6) < 0
9 + 48k 24 < 0
48k 15 < 0
15
k <
48
5
k <
16
2
x=
=
5
.
16
1.
The x-intercepts of y = 2x2 + 3x 5 are 2.5 and 1.

Therefore, the roots of the equation 2x2 + 3x 5 = 0 are
2.5 and 1.
2.
(a)
0
1
1
0
2
1
3
4
18 18 2 4( 2)(57)
2( 2)
18 780
4
18 2 195
=
4
9 195
=
2
9 + 195
9 195
=
or
(rejected)
2
2
= 2.48 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
4
9
2.
(b)
b b 2 4ac
2a
p. 30
2 1
9 4
4 x 2 + 36 x 114 = 0
2 x 2 + 18 x 57 = 0
The range of possible values of k is k <
x
y
4 x 2 + 36 x = 114
Let x be the number of days Mr Tung worked in the

3600
project, then Mr Tungs daily wage is $
and Mr
x
3600
100 .
Pangs daily wage is $
x
3600
100 ( x + 3) = 3600
10 800
300 = 3600
x
100 x 2 + 3300 x + 10 800 = 3600 x
3600 100 x +
100 x 2 + 300 x 10800 = 0
(c)
The x-intercept of y = x2 2x + 1 is 1.
Therefore, the root of the equation x2 2x + 1 = 0
is 1.
Exercise
p. 33
1.
positive
2.
positive
3.
negative
4.
zero
5.
negative
6.
positive
Exercise 1A (p. 11)

Level 1
1.
( x 3)( x 4) = 0
x 3 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 4
2.
(3x + 2)( x + 2) = 0
3x + 2 = 0
or
x+2=0
2
x=
or
x = 2
3
p. 40
1.
(a)
Area of the border

= [( x + 7 + x )( x + 11 + x ) (7.11)] cm 2
= [( 2 x + 7)( 2 x + 11) 77] cm
= ( 4 x 2 + 36 x + 77 77) cm 2
= ( 4 x 2 + 36 x ) cm 2
3.
x 2 + 3x 108 = 0
( x + 12)( x 9) = 0
x + 12 = 0
or x 9 = 0
x = 12 (rejected) or
x = 9
Mr Tung worked in the project for 9 days.
3x ( x + 5) = 0
x ( x + 5) = 0
1
x=0
x=0
4.
5.
6.
7.
or
or
x+5= 0
x = 5
5( x 1)( x + 3) = 0
( x 1)( x + 3) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 3
x = 1 or
2 y2 5y = 0
y ( 2 y 5) = 0
y = 0 or 2 y 5 = 0
5
y = 0 or
y =
2
x2 6x + 5 = 0
( x 1)( x 5) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 1 or
x = 5
8.
x 2 7 x 30 = 0
( x + 3)( x 10) = 0
x+3= 0
or x 10 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 10
9.
2 x 2 15 x 8 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 8) = 0
2 x + 1 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x=
10.
4 y 3 = 0 or 3 y 2 = 0
3
2
y =
or
y =
4
3
13.
14.
16 121x 2 = 0
121x 2 16 = 0
(11x + 4)(11x 4) = 0
11x + 4 = 0
or 11x 4 = 0
4
4
x =
or
x =
11
11
1
or
2
6 w + 13w + 6 = 0
(3w + 2)( 2 w + 3) = 0
2w + 2 = 0
or 2 w + 3 = 0
2
3
w =
or
w =
3
2
2 15 x 8 x 2 = 0
8 x 2 + 15 x 2 = 0
(8 x 1)( x + 2) = 0
8 x 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 2
8
5x 2 = 9 x + 2
5x 2 9 x 2 = 0
(5 x + 1)( x 2) = 0
5x + 1 = 0
or x 2 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 2
5
16.
17.
12 4 y = 5 y 2
5 y 2 + 4 y 12 = 0
(5 y 6)( y + 2) = 0
5 y 6 = 0 or y + 2 = 0
6
y =
or
y = 2
5
18.
19.
11.
12m 2 + 25m + 12 = 0
( 4m + 3)( 3m + 4) = 0
4m + 3 = 0
or 3m + 4 = 0
3
4
m =
or
m =
4
3
15.
x =8
4 x 2 + 13x 12 = 0
( 4 x 3)( x + 4) = 0
4 x 3 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
3
x =
or
x = 4
4
2
20.
12.
12 y 2 17 y + 6 = 0
( 4 y 3)( 3 y 2) = 0
x = 0 or
x=1
x = 0 or x 1 = 0
x ( x 1) = 0
x2 x = 0
The required equation is x2 x = 0.
x=4
or
x = 1
x4=0
or x + 1 = 0
( x 4)( x + 1) = 0
x 2 3x 4 = 0
The required equation is x2 3x 4 = 0.
x=2
or
x=3
x2=0
or x 3 = 0
( x 2)( x 3) = 0
x 2 5x + 6 = 0
The required equation is x2 5x + 6 = 0.
x = 1
or
x = 4
x+1=0
or x + 4 = 0
( x + 1)( x + 4) = 0
x 2 + 5x + 4 = 0
The required equation is x2 +5x + 4 = 0.

x2 + bx 24 = 0 can be solved using the factor
method.
x2 + bx 24 = 0 can be written as
( x h )( x k ) = 0 for some real numbers h and
k.
x 2 hx kx + hk = 0
21.
x 2 ( h + k ) x + hk = 0
By comparing coefficients, we have
h + k = b
hk = 24
Let h = 4, k = 6, then b = 4 + 6 = 2
Let h = 3, k = 8, then b = 3 + 8 = 5
Let h = 2, k = 12, then b = 2 + 12 = 10
b = 2 or 5 or 10 (or any other reasonable answers)
2 y (19 4 y ) = 35
26.
8 y 2 38 y + 35 = 0
( 2 y 7)( 4 y 5) = 0
2 y 7 = 0 or 4 y 5 = 0
7
5
y =
or
y =
2
4
27.
22. Let h and k be the roots of the equation x2 18x + c = 0
x = h or
x=k
x h = 0 or x k = 0
x 2 ( h + k ) x + hk = 0
By comparing coefficients, we have
h + k = 18
hk = c
Let h = 6, k = 12, then c = 6 12 = 72
Let h = 7, k = 11, then c = 7 11 = 77
Let h = 8, k = 10, then c = 8 10 = 80
28.
( x + 3)( 2 x + 1) + 3 = 0
30.
6x 2 + x + 5 = 0
x 2 3x ( x 5) = 25
2 x 2 + 15 x 25 = 0
25.
2 x 2 15 x + 25 = 0
( 2 x 5)( x 5) = 0
2 x 5 = 0 or x 5 = 0
5
x =
or
x = 5
2
5 x ( x 2) ( x 2 ) 2 = 0
( x 2)[5 x ( x 2)] = 0
( x 2)( 4 x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0 or 4 x + 2 = 0
x = 2 or
(3x + 1)(1 2 x ) + 4 = 0
6x 2 x 5 = 0
( 6 x + 5)( x 1) = 0
6x + 5 = 0
or x 1 = 0
5
x =
or
x =1
6
6 x 2 15 x 21 = 0
5 x ( x 2 ) = ( x 2) 2
Level 2
24.
6 x 2 21x 12 = 9 6 x
2 x 7 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
7
x =
or
x = 1
2
c = 72 or 77 or 80 (or any other reasonable

answers)
2x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
( 2 x + 3)( x + 2) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x + 2 = 0
3
x =
or
x = 2
2
15 y 2 34 y + 15 = 0
(3 y 5)(5 y 3) = 0
3 y 5 = 0 or 5 y 3 = 0
5
3
y=
or
y=
3
5
2 x 2 5x 7 = 0
( 2 x 7)( x + 1) = 0
29.
23.
15( y 2 + 1) = 34 y
( x 4)( 6 x + 3) = 3(3 2 x )
( x h )( x k ) = 0
8 y + 38 y 35 = 0
2
x =
3 y ( y 6)
3 y ( y 6)
3 y ( y 6) ( y + 6)( y 6)
( y 6)[3 y ( y + 6)]
( y 6)( 2 y 6)
y 6 = 0 or 2 y 6 = 0
y = 6 or
y = 3
1
2
=
=
=
=
=
y 2 36
( y + 6)( y 6)
0
0
0
( 2 x 5) 2 = ( x 3)( 2 x 5)
31.
( 2 x 5) 2 ( x 3)( 2 x 5) = 0
( 2 x 5)[( 2 x 5) ( x 3)] = 0
( 2 x 5)( x 2) = 0
2 x 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
5
x =
or
x = 2
2
32.
( x + 1) 2 + 3( x + 1) 4 = 0
[( x + 1) 1][( x + 1) + 4] = 0
x ( x + 5) = 0
x = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x = 0 or
x = 5
1
or
2
x =
33.
x = 2
38. (a)
1
= 0 or x + 2 = 0
2
2 x 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
( 2 x 1)( x + 2) = 0
x
2 x 2 + 3x 2 = 0
The required equation is 2x2 + 3x 2 = 0.
x =
34.
1
or
3
x =
3
2
1
3
= 0
or x
= 0
3
2
3x + 1 = 0
or 2 x 3 = 0
(3x + 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
6x 7x 3 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 7x 3 = 0.
1
1
x =
or
x =
2
3
1
1
x +
= 0
or x +
= 0
2
3
2x + 1 = 0
or 3x + 1 = 0
( 2 x + 1)(3 x + 1) = 0
35.
1
2
7
3
x=
or
x=
3
2
7
3
x = 0 or
x+ =0
3
2
3 x 7 = 0 or 2 x + 3 = 0
(3x 7)( 2 x + 3) = 0
x=2
36.
37. (a)
1
or
3
39. (a)
6 x 2 + 5x + 1 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 + 5x + 1 = 0.
4 x 2 8x + 3 = 0
The required equation is 4x2 8x + 3 = 0.
4x 2 8x + 3 = 0
( 2 x 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or 2 x 3 = 0
1
3
x =
or
x =
2
2
3
1
= 0 or x = 0
2
2
2 x 3 = 0 or 2 x 1 = 0
( 2 x 3)( 2 x 1) = 0
x
1
2
3
2 , i.e. 1 and 3.
2
x +
x =1
or
x=3
x 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
( x 1)( x 3) = 0
x2 4x + 3 = 0
The required equation is x2 4x + 3 = 0.
2x2 9x 5 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 5) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 5 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 5
2
1
+ 5 and
2
1
9
5
(5) , i.e. and .
2
2
2
9
5
x=
or
x =
2
2
9
5
x =0 or x + =0
2
2
2x 9 = 0
or
2x + 5 = 0
( 2 x 9)( 2 x + 5) = 0
4 x 2 8 x 45 = 0
x = 1
6 x 2 5 x 21 = 0
Exercise 1B (p. 17)
3x 8 x + 4 = 0
(3x 2)( x 2) = 0
3x 2 = 0 or x 2 = 0
2
x =
or
x = 2
3
2
Level 1
1.
1
2
3
and
( x + 5) 2 = 36
x + 5 = 6
x = 5 + 6 or 5 6
=1
or 11
1
, i.e.
2
3
1
and .
2
2
x=
3
or
2
x=
1
2
16
9
4
x4=
3
2
9 2 x = 5
3
( x 4) 2 =
2.
2
2 x 2 = 5
3
9
4
4
or 4
3
3
16
8
=
or
3
3
7.
x =4+
2x
x + 1 = 25
3
1
x + = 5
3
1
1
x = + 5 or 5
3
3
14
16
=
or
3
3
3.
25 2 = 7
3
7
x
2 =
25
3
x
7
2 =
3
5
x
7
= 2
3
5
3 7
3 7
x = 6+
or 6
5
5
8.
4.
25 x = 4
5
1
4
x =
5
25
1
2
x =
5
5
1 2
1 2
x = + or
5 5
5 5
3
1
=
or
5
5
( x 3) 2 = 2
5.
x3= 2
x = 3+
2 or 3
9.
x+5=
6
p=
2
=9
7
2
x = 5+
7
7
or 5
2
2
6
x 2 6 x + 9 = x
2
= ( x 3) 2
8
p =
10.
2
= 16
4( x + 5) 2 = 7
7
( x + 5) 2 =
4
6.
11.
x 2 + 5x +
3
p =
4
12.
9
=
16
8
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = x +
2
= ( x + 4) 2
5
p =
2
25
=
4
2
5
=
3
3
2 5
2x =
3
2+ 5
2 5
x =
or
6
6
25
5
= x +
4
2
x2
3x
9
3
+
= x
2
16
4
13.
x2 2ax + b is a perfect square.

2
2a
b = 2
= a2
a = 2, b = 4 or a = 1, b = 1 or a = 1, b = 1.
(or any other reasonable answers)
18.
1
(x d ) =
4
2 x 2 10 x 5 = 0
5
x 2 5x
= 0
2
5
x 2 5x =
2
2
2
5
5 5
x 2 5 x + =
+
2 2
2
2
x 5 = 35
2
4
14.
xd =
1
2
x = d
x
1
2
1
are integers.
4
1
1
1
d = 1 or 2 or 3 (or any other reasonable
2
2
2
answers)
The roots of (x d)2 =
Level 2
x 2 8 x + 15 = 0
19.
x 2 8 x = 15
2
15.
8
x 2 8 x +
2
( x 4) 2
x4
x
8
= 15 +
2
=1
= 1
= 4 1
= 5 or 3
x 16 x + 28 = 0
2
x 2 16 x = 28
2
16.
16
x 2 16 x +
2
( x 8) 2
x8
x
16
= 28 +
2
= 36
= 6
= 86
= 14 or 2
20.
x 2 + 7 x 98 = 0
x 2 + 7 x = 98
2
7
7
x 2 + 7 x + = 98 +
2

2
5
35
=
2
2
5
35
x =
2
2
5 + 35
5 35
=
or
2
2
3x 2 + 6 x 28 = 0
28
x2 + 2x
= 0
3
28
x2 + 2x =
3
2
2
2
28 2
x 2 + 2 x + =
+
3
2
2
31
( x + 1) 2 =
3
31
x +1=
3
31
= 1+
or 1
3
3x 2 6 x 7 = 0
7
x2 2x
= 0
3
7
x2 2x =
3
2
2
2
7 2
2
x 2x + =
+
3 2
2
10
2
( x 1) =
3
10
x 1 =
3
10
x = 1+
or 1
3
31
3
10
3
21.
3x 2 + 7 x 3 = 0
17.
7
441
x + =
2
4
7
21
x+ =
2
2
7 21
x=
2 2
= 7 or - 14
7
x 1 = 0
3
7
x2 + x = 1
3
x2 +
x2 +
7
7
7
x + = 1+
3
6

6
7
85
x+ =
6
36
10
x+
7
85
=
6
6
7
85
x=
6
6
7 + 85
7 85
=
or
6
6
x 2 + 2 3x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 2 3 x = 1
2
24.
2 3
2 3
= 1 +
x 2 + 2 3 x +
2
2
( x + 3)2 = 2
x+ 3 = 2
x= 3 2
5( x 1) = 4 x
5x2 4x 5 = 0
2
22.
= 3 + 2 or 3 2
4
x2 x 1 = 0
5
4
x2 x = 1
5
2
x2
4
4
4
x + = 1+
5
10

10
x2
3
= 0
4
3
x 2 2 5x
= 0
2
3
x 2 2 5x =
2
2
29
x =
5
25
25.
2
29
=
5
5
2
29
x=
5
5
2 + 29
2 29
=
or
5
5
5x
3 2 5
2 5
x 2 2 5x +
+
=
2 2
2
13
(x 5)2 =
2
13
x 5 =
2
13
= 5 +
or
2
2 x 2 5 x 30 = 0
x2
23.
( x 1)(2 +3 x ) = x 2
3x 2 x 2 = x 2
2x 2 x 2 = 0
1
x2 x 1= 0
2
1
x2 x =1
2
2
x2
1
1
1
x + =1+
2
4
4
x2
26.
1 17
x =
4 16
1
17
x =
4
4
1
17
x=
4
4
1 + 17
1 17
=
or
4
4
11
5
x 15 = 0
2
5
x2
x = 15
2
5
5
5
= 15 +
x +
4
2
4
x 5 = 245
4
16
5
7 5
=
4
4
5 7 5
x=
4
4
= 2 5 or
3 5
2
13
2
1
5.
Exercise 1C (p. 21)
1.

x =
=
2.
( 4 )
7.
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 31) (31) 2 4(14)(15)
2(14)
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
(2) (2) 2 4(3)(13)
2(3)
2 160
6
2 4 10
=
6
1 + 2 10
1 2 10
=
or
3
3
=
(9) (9) 2 4(35)(2)

2(35)
5 5 2 4(2)(6)
2(2)
5 73
4
5 + 73
5 73
=
or
4
4
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 361
70
9 19
=
70
2
1
= or
5
7
b b 2 4ac
2a
(3) (3) 2 4(2)(2)

2( 2)
2(1)
x=
x=
4.
6.
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 25
4
35
=
4
1
= 2 or
2
( 7) (7) 2 4(1)(11)
7 5
2
7+ 5
7 5
=
or
2
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 4) 2 4(1)( 5)
2(1)
x=
3.
b 2 4ac
2a
36
2
46
=
2
= 5 or 1
=
x=
Level 1
8.
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 3 2 4(3)(5)
2(3)
3 69
6
3 + 69
3 69
=
or
6
6
=
31 121
28
31 11
=
28
3
5
= or
2
7
=
12

9.
b b 2 4ac
x=
2a
=
13.
(6) (6) 2 4(2)(3)

2( 2)
(7) (7)2 4(6)(1)

2(6)
b 2 4ac
2a
32 4(9)( 4)
2(9)
3 153
18
3 3 17
=
18
1 + 17
1 17
=
or
6
6
x ( 3x + 4) = ( x + 1)( x 2)
14.
3x 2 + 4 x = x 2 x 2
2 x 2 + 5x + 2 = 0
7 73
12
7 + 73
7 73
=
or
12
12
=
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
5 5 2 4( 2)(2)
2( 2)
5 9
4
53
=
4
= 0.5 or 2
=
Level 2
11. x ( x 10) + 5 = 0
x 2 10 x + 5 = 0
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 10)
( 10) 2 4(1)(5)
2(1)
10 80
2
10 4 5
=
2
= 5+2 5
or 5 2 5
=
x + 1 ( x + 1) = 3 x
2
4
3
1
3x
2
x + x+
=
15.
2
2
4
9x
1
2
x +
+
= 0
4
2
2
4x + 9x + 2 = 0
x=
=
7 x 5x 2 = 0
b 2 4ac
2a
( 5)
( 5) 2 4(7)( 2)
2( 7)
5 81
14
59
=
14
=
2
7
= 1 or 0.29 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= 1 or
9 92 4(4)(2)
2( 4)
x =
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 49
8
97
=
8
= 0.25 or 2
5x + 2 = 7 x 2
12.
13
10. Using the quadratic formula,
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 x 2 + 3x 4 = 0
x =
6 12
=
4
62 3
=
4
3+ 3
3 3
=
or
2
2
x=
(3x + 2)(3x 2) + 3x = 0
16.
( x 3)( 2 x 5) = x ( x + 3) + 2
2
2 x 2 11x + 15 = x + 3 x + 2
x 2 14 x + 13 = 0
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 14)
20.
( 14) 4(1)(13)
2(1)
2
( 2 x + 1)( 3x 2) = (6 x + 5) 2 4 x
6 x 2 x 2 = 36 x 2 + 56 x + 25
30 x 2 + 57 x + 27 = 0
14 144
2
14 12
=
2
= 13 or 1
=
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
57
57 2 4(30)( 27)
2(30)
57 9
60
57 3
=
60
= 0.9 or 1
=
17.
( 2 x 3) 2 + 6 x = 7
4x2 6x + 9 = 7
4x2 6x + 2 = 0
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 6)
( 6) 2 4( 4)( 2)
2( 4)
6 4
8
62
=
8
= 1 or 0.5
=
Exercise 1D (p. 26)
Level 1
1.
= ( 4) 2 4(1)( 1)
= 20
0.2 x 2 + 0.8( x + 2) = 0.8

18.
2
For x 4 x 1 = 0,
0.2 x 2 + 0.8 x + 1.6 = 0.8

>0
0.2 x 2 + 0.8 x + 0.8 = 0

x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
x =
=
roots.
b 2 4ac
2a
4 2 4(1)( 4)
2(1)
4
=
2
= 2
2.
2
For 2 x + 3x + 1 = 0,
= 32 4( 2)(1)
=1
>0
( x 3) = ( 2 x + 1)( x 2)
2
19.
The equation x2 4x 1= 0 has two distinct real
x 2 6 x + 9 = 2 x 2 3x 2
The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has two distinct real

roots.
x 2 + 3x 11 = 0
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 32 4(1)(11)
=
2(1)
3.
For 3x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
= 2 2 4(3)( 2)
= 20
3 53
2
3 53
3 53
=
or
2
2
=
<0
4.
The equation 3x2 + 2x + 2 = 0 has no real roots.
For x2 + 4x + 4 = 0,
14

= 4 2 4(1)( 4)
= 0
roots.
>0
(3) 4(2)(k ) > 0
2
=0
5.
The equation x + 4x + 4 = 0 has a double real root.
For 2x2 4x + 3 = 0,
= ( 4) 2 4( 2)(3)
= 8
<0
9 8k > 0
9
k<
8
9
The range of possible values of k is k < 8 .
The equation 5x2 + 3x + (k + 1) = 0 has two distinct
10.
The equation 2x2 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
real roots.
>0
3 4(5)(k + 1) > 0
9 20k 20 > 0
11 20k > 0
2
k<
6.
For 3x2 + x 10 = 0,
= 12 4(3)(10)
= 121
11
20
11
>0
The equation 3x2 + x 10 = 0 has two distinct real
The quadratic equation 3x2 + 4x + k = 0 has real
11.
roots.
roots.
i.e. 4 4(3)(k ) 0
16 12k 0
2
The equation (k 1)x2 2x + 1 = 0 has a double
7.
real root.
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
2
The equation x2 + 4kx + 16k + 20 = 0 has a double
8.
real root.
= 0
( 4k ) 2 4(1)(16k + 20) = 0
12k 16
4
k
3
= 0
( 2) 4( k 1)(1)
4 4k + 4
8 4k
k
2
16k 2 64k 80 = 0
The range of the values of k is k
The quadratic equation (k + 1) x2 2kx + (k 2) = 0
12.
has real roots.
i.e.
k 2 4k 5 = 0
( k 5)( k + 1) = 0
The equation 2x2 3x + k = 0 has two distinct real
15
0
(2k ) 2 4( k + 1)(k 2) 0
4 k 2 4k 2 + 4k + 8 0
4k + 8 0
4 k 8
k 2
k 5 = 0 or k + 1 = 0
k = 5 or
k = 1
9.
4
3 .
The range of the values of k is k 2.
The equation 3x2 + 5x k = 0 has no real roots.
13.
< 0
17.
( k + 2) x 2 = 2 x 1
( k + 2) x 2 2 x + 1 = 0
52 4(3)( k ) < 0
25 + 12k < 0
k <
The equation (k + 2) x2 2x + 1 = 0 has no real

roots.
25
12
< 0
25
( 2) 4( k + 2)(1) < 0
4 4k 8 < 0
k > 1
2
The range of possible values of k is k > 1.
The equation (k + 2)x2 4x 5 = 0 has no real
14.
roots.
3( x 2 + 1) = x + 12k
18.
3 x 2 + 3 = x + 12k
< 0
3 x 2 x + (3 12k ) = 0
( 4) 2 4( k + 2)( 5) < 0
16 + 20k + 40 < 0
56 + 20k < 0
k <
The equation 3x2 x + (3 12k) = 0 has no real

14
5
roots.
<0
( 1) 4(3)(3 12k ) < 0
1 36 + 144k < 0
35
k<
144
2
14
The equation ax2 + 3x + c = 0 has two distinct real
15.
roots.
35
> 0
32 4ac > 0
9 4ac > 0
9
ac <
4
1
a = 2 , c = 3 or a = 1, c = 2.
The equation x2 2kx + 2k + 15 = 0 has equal
19. (a)
real roots.
=0
(2k ) 2 4(1)(2k + 15) = 0
4k 2 8k 60 = 0
k 2 2k 15 = 0
16.
ax 2 + 2 x = c
ax + 2 x c = 0
2
The equation ax2 + 2x c = 0 has no real roots.

< 0
2 2 4a ( c ) < 0
4 + 4ac < 0
ac < 1
(k + 3)(k 5) = 0
k +3= 0
or k 5 = 0
k = 3 or
k = 5
(b) For k = 3,
x 2 2( 3) x + 2( 3) + 15 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
( x + 3) 2 = 0
x +3= 0
x = 3
ac = 2 or 3. (or any other reasonable answers)
Level 2
For k = 5,
16
x 2 2(5) x + 2(5) + 15 = 0
(m 1) 2 0
x 2` 10 x + 25 = 0
(m 1) 2 + 1 > 0
( x 5) 2 = 0
x 5 = 0
x = 5
<0
The equation 4x2 + 5kx + k = 0 has equal real
20. (a)
4 (m 1) 2 + 1 < 0
The equation x2 2(m + 1)x + (2m2 + 3) = 0 has no

real roots for any real values of m.
roots.
= 0
(5k ) 2 4( 4)( k ) = 0
22. (a)
12 x 2 + 4 x + k = 1
12 x + 4 x + ( k 1) = 0
2
25k 2 16k = 0
k ( 25k 16) = 0
The equation 12x2 + 4x + (k 1) = 0 has real

roots.
k = 0 or 25k 16 = 0
16
k=
25
k = 0 or
(b) For k = 0,
4 x 2 + 5(0) x + (0) = 0
4x2 = 0
x = 0
16
For k = 25 ,
16
16
4 x 2 + 5 x +
= 0
25
25
16
16
4x2 +
x+
= 0
5
25
2
25 x + 20 x + 4 = 0
(b) (i)
4
The range of possible values of k is k 3 .
12 x 2 + 4 x 1 = 0
12 x 2 + 4 x + 0 = 1
k = 0
4
(5 x + 2 ) 2 = 0
5x + 2 = 0
The equation 12x2 + 4x 1 = 0 has real

roots.
2
x =
5
36 x + 12 x + 1 = 0
1
12 x 2 + 4 x + = 0
3
4
12 x 2 + 4 x +
=1
3
2
(ii)
2
2
21. For the equation x 2( m + 1) x + ( 2m + 3) = 0 ,
4 2 4(12)( k 1) 0
16 48k + 48 0
64 48k 0
4
k
3
4
3
4
k =
= [ 2( m + 1)]2 4(1)( 2m 2 + 3)
= 4m 2 + 8m + 4 8m 2 12
= 4m 2 + 8m 8
= 4 ( m 2 2 m + 2 )
= 4[( m 1) 2 + 1]
The equation 36x2 + 12x + 1 = 0 has real

roots.
For any real values of m,
Exercise 1E (p. 34)

17
Level 1
1.
(a)
two
(b) The x-intercepts of y = x2 14x + 48 are 6 and 8.

Therefore, the roots of the equation x2 14x + 48 =
0 are 6 and 8.
2.
(a)
two
(b) The x-intercepts of y = x2 3x 10 are 2 and 5.

Therefore, the roots of the equation x2 3x 10 = 0
(c)
are 2 and 5.
The x-intercepts of y = 2x2 4x are 0 and 2.0.

Therefore, the roots of the equation 2x2 4x = 0 are
0 and 2.0.
3.
x
(a)
y
4
5
3
0
2
3
1
4
0
3
1
0
2
5
5.
3
14
x
y
(a)
2
5
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
9
3
20
(b)
(b) The x-intercepts of y = 2x2 + x 1 are 1.0 and 0.5.

Therefore, the roots of the equation 2x2 + x 1 = 0
are 1.0 and 0.5.
6.
(c)
(a)
x
y
0
9
1
4
2
1
3
0
4
1
5
4
6
9
The x-intercepts of y = x2 + 2x 3 are 3 and 1.

Therefore, the roots of the equation x2 + 2x 3 = 0
4.
(a)
are 3.0 and 1.0.

x
0
2 1
y
16
6
0
1
2
2
0
3
6
4
16
(b)
18
Level 2
9.
3
8
x
(a) y
2
2
1
2
0
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
4
8
(b) The x-intercept of y = x2 6x + 9 is 3.0.

Therefore, the root of the equation x2 6x + 9 = 0 is
3.0.
The graph y = x2 + bx + c does not intersect the
7.
x-axis.
x2 = x + 4
(b)
The equation x2 + bx + c = 0 has no real roots.
b 4( 1)( c ) < 0
x x4 = 0
2
< 0
The x-intercepts of y = x2 x 4 read from the
graph are 1.6 and 2.6.
b 2 + 4c < 0
Therefore, the roots of the equation x2 = x + 4 are
The possible values of b and c are: b = 1, c = 2 or

b = 0, c = 1. (or any other reasonable answers)
1.6 and 2.6.

x
10. (a) y
1
2
3
3 2 1 0
5 2 1 2 5 10 17
The graph y = kx2 + 3x + k cuts the x-axis at two
8.
distinct points.
The equation kx2 + 3x + k = 0 has 2 distinct real

root.
>0
3 4( k )(k ) > 0
2
9 4k 2 > 0
9
k2 >
4
3
3
<k<
2
2
1
k = 1 or 2 or 1 (or any other reasonable answers)
(b) The graph y = x2 2x 2 does not intersect the

x-axis.
Therefore, the equation x2 2x 2 = 0 has no real
roots.
19
(b) (i)
11.
1
9
x
(a) y
0
1
1
1

x
y
0
5
2
9
1
2
3
4
1.8 0.2 0.2 1.8
5
5
(ii) The x-intercept of y = (k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 is 2.5.

Therefore, the root of the equation
(b)
4 x (1 x ) = 1
(k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 = 0 is 2.5.
4x 4x + 1 = 0
2
The x-intercept of y = 4x2 4x + 1 is 0.5.

Therefore, the root of the equation 4x(1 x) = 1 is
Exercise 1F (p. 40)
0.5.
Level 1
12. The graph y = x2 2x k does not intersect the x-axis.
Therefore, the equation x2 2x k = 0 has no real roots.
< 0
13. (a)
1.
Let x be the positive number.

x + x 2 = 56
( 2) 2 4(1)( k ) < 0
4 + 4k < 0
k < 1
x + x 56 = 0
( x + 8)( x 7) = 0
2
x+8 = 0
or x 7 = 0
x = 8 (rejected) or
x = 7
The range of possible values of k is k < 1.
The graph of y = (k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 touches the
The positive number is 7.
x-axis.
Therefore, the equation (k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 = 0 has a
double real roots.
2.
Let x be the smaller odd number, then x + 2 is the larger

odd number.
=0
x 2 + ( x + 2) 2 = 202
42 4( k + 1)(5) = 0
16 + 20( k + 1) = 0
20k + 36 = 0
x 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 202
k=
2 x 2 + 4 x 198 = 0
x 2 + 2 x 99 = 0
( x + 11)( x 9) = 0
9
5
x + 11 = 0
or x 9 = 0
x = 9
The two consecutive positive odd numbers are 9
20

150
2 x +
= 50
x
150
x+
= 25
x
x 2 + 150 = 25 x
and 11.
3.
Let x be the smallest number.
[ x + ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) 2 ] [ x 2 + ( x + 1) 2 + ( x + 2) 2 ] = 94
x 2 25 x + 150 = 0
( x 15)(( x 10) = 0
(3 x + 3) 2 [ x 2 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 + x 2 + 4 x + 4] = 94
9 x 2 + 18 x + 9 (3 x 2 + 6 x + 5) = 94
x 15 = 0 or
x = 15 or
6 x 2 + 12 x + 4 = 94
6 x 2 + 12 x 90 = 0
x 2 + 2 x 15 = 0
( x + 5)( x 3) = 0
50 2 x = ( 25 x ) cm
Let x cm be the length, then
2
The three positive consecutive numbers are 3, 4 and

5.
4.
The length and width are 15 cm and 10 cm

respectively.
x+5=0
or x 3 = 0
x = 5 (rejected) or
x = 3
Let x cm be the length of the hypotenuse, then (x 2) cm
is the width.
x ( 25 x ) = 150
is the base and [(x 2) 14] = (x 16) cm is the height.

( x 2) 2 + ( x 16) 2 = x 2 (Pyth. theorem)
5.
x 2 4 x + 4 + x 2 32 x + 256 = x 2
x 2 36 x + 260 = 0
( x 26)( x 10) = 0
x 26 = 0 or
x = 26 or
The length of the hypotenuse is 26 cm.
7.
4 x 2 + 148 x + 1344 1344 1032 = 0
x + 2 x 48 = 0
( x + 8)( x 6) = 0
4 x 2 + 148 x 1032 = 0
x 2 + 37 x 258 = 0
( x + 43)( x 6) = 0
x6 = 0
x = 6
x + 43 = 0
or x 6 = 0
x = 6
The length is 8 m and the width is 6 m.
6.
The length and width are 15 cm and 10 cm
Area of the border = 1032 cm2

( 42 + 2 x )( 32 + 2 x ) 42 32 = 1032
150
Let x cm be the length, then x cm is the width.
The width of the border is 6 cm.
1 + 9x 2x2 = 5
8.
2x2 9x + 4 = 0
( 2 x 1)( x 4) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or
x = 0.5 or
21
x 10 = 0
x = 10
Let x cm be the width of the border.
2 x 2 + 4 x 96 = 0
x+8 = 0
or
x = 8 (rejected) or
x 25 x + 150 = 0
( x 15)( x 10) = 0
respectively.
x 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 100
25 x x 2 = 150
2
x 15 = 0 or
x = 15 or
x 10 = 0
x = 10 (rejected )
Let x m be the width, then (x + 2) m is the length.

x 2 + ( x + 2) 2 = 102 (Pyth. theorem)
x 10 = 0
x = 10
x4 = 0
x = 4
or x + 20 = 0
x 100 = 0
x = 20 (rejected)
x = 100 or
After 0.5 seconds and 4 seconds, the ball is 5 m

above the ground.
Level 2
9.
12. (a)
20 20
=1
x 1 x
20 x 20( x 1)
=1
x( x 1)
(b)
x x 20 = 0
( x 5)( x + 4) = 0
2
Base area
= ( 26 2 x )(16 2 x ) cm 2
= ( 4 x 2 84 x + 416) cm 2
4 x 2 84 x + 216 = 0
x 2 21x + 54 = 0
( x 18)( x 3) = 0
x 18 = 0
or x 3 = 0
x = 3
20 x 20 x + 20 = x 2 x
x 5 = 0 or
x = 5 or
The man bought 100 articles.
4 x 2 84 x + 416 = 200
Let x km/h be the original speed of Peter.
x+4 = 0
Volume of the box

= base area height of the box
x = 4 (rejected)
= 200 x cm 3
= 200(3) cm 3
The original speed of Peter is 5 km/h.
= 600 cm 3
10. Let $x be the original price of an apple.
13. (a)
75
75
=5
x 0.5 x
75 x 75( x 0.5)
=5
x( x 0.5)
(i)
= x ( x + 1) km
= ( x 2 + x ) km
75 x 75 x + 37.5 = 5 x 2 2.5 x
(ii) Distance travelled in the last (x 1) hours
5 x 2.5 x 37.5 = 0
= ( x 1)( x 1) km
2 x x 15 = 0
( 2 x + 5)( x 3) = 0
= ( x 2 2 x + 1) km
2x + 5 = 0
or
11.
( x 2 + x) + ( x 2 2 x + 1) = 16
x 3 = 0
5
x = (rejected) or
2
x=3
The original price of an apple is $3.
300
original cost of one article is $ x .
x
300
15 300 = 25
4
x
15 x
7500
300 =
4
x
15 x 2 1200 x = 30 000
2 x 2 x + 1 = 16
(b)
Let x be the number of articles that the man bought, then
Distance travelled in the first x hours
14.
2 x 2 x 15 = 0
(2 x + 5)( x 3) = 0
2x + 5 = 0
or
x3= 0
x =
5
(rejected) or
2
x = 3
Area of ABCD area ofABP area ofADQ

area of CPQ
= shaded area
x 2 80 x 2000 = 0
( x 100)( x + 20) = 0
22

7( 7 x ) 7( 7 2 x ) 2 x x
= 17
2
2
2
49 7 x
49 14 x
2x2
49
= 17
2
2
2
98 49 + 7 x 49 + 14 x 2 x 2 = 34
72
DC =
= 62 + 82 cm
= 10 cm
2 x 2 21x + 34 = 0
( 2 x 17)( x 2) = 0
Perimeter of trapezium ABCD

= (8 + 6.5 + 10 + 12.5) cm
= 37 cm
2 x 17 = 0
or x 2 = 0
x = 2
x = 8.5 (rejected) or
15. (a)
EC 2 + DE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Area of trapezium ABCD

[( x + 2) + (3 x 1)]( 2 x 1)
cm 2
2
( 4 x + 1)( 2 x 1) 2
=
cm
2
2
8x 2 x 1 2
=
cm
2
1
2
= 4 x x cm 2
2
Revision Exercise 1 (p. 44)
Level 1
1.
6 x 2 + 11x 10 = 0
(3x 2)( 2 x + 5) = 0
3x 2 = 0 or 2 x + 5 = 0
2
5
x =
or
x =
3
2
(b) (i)
By (a),
1
= 76
2
8 x 2 2 x 1 = 152
12 x 2 3 = 35 x
4x2 x
2.
8 x 2 2 x 153 = 0
(ii)
8 x 2 2 x 153 = 0
( 4 x + 17)( 2 x 9) = 0
12 x 2 35 x 3 = 0
(12 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
12 x + 1 = 0
or
x3= 0
x =
1
or
12
x = 3
4 x + 17 = 0
or 2 x 9 = 0
17
9
x =
(rejected) or
x =
4
2
x = 4 or
x = 6
x + 4 = 0 or x 6 = 0
3.
EC = BC BE
= BC AD
9 9
= 3 1 + 2 cm
2 2
= (12.5 6.5) cm
= 6 cm
23
( x + 4)( x 6) = 0
x 2 2 x 24 = 0
The required equation is x2 2x 24 = 0.
1
3
or x =
3
2
3
1
x
= 0 or x
= 0
2
3
2 x 3 = 0 or 3x 1 = 0
x =
4.
( 2 x 3)( 3x 1) = 0
6 x 2 11x + 3 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 11x + 3 = 0.
1
2
10. For 3x + 4 x + 1 = 0
2
5.
1
= 4( 3)(1)
4
193
=
16
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2
(3) (3) 2 4(4)(4)
2( 4)
3 73
8
3 + 73
3 73
=
or
8
8
> 0
6.
distinct real roots.
The equation x2 4x + 2k = 0 has a double real

root.
= 0
11.
x=
b b 2 4ac
2
(3) ( 3) 2 4(7)(5)
2(7 )
3 149
14
3 + 149
3 149
=
or
14
14
For 2x2 5x + 1 = 0
>0
For x2 8x + 16 = 0
= ( 8) 2 4(1)(16)
= 0
9.
= 0
The equation x2 8x + 16 = 0 has a double real
root.
6 2 4(1)(k ) < 0
36 4k < 0
k >9
The equation 3kx2 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
<0
14.
roots.
8.
3
8
The equation x2 + 6x + k = 0 has no real roots.

<0
= ( 5) 2 4( 2)(1)
= 17
The equation 2x2 5x + 1 = 0 has two distinct real
(3) 2 4(k )( 6) = 0
9 + 24k = 0
k =
13.
( 4) 2 4(1)( 2k ) = 0
16 8k = 0
k = 2
The equation kx2 + 3x 6 = 0 has a double real
root.
= 0
12.
7.
1
x + 1 = 0 has two
4
The equation 3x 2 +
(4) 2 4(3k )(3) < 0

16 36k < 0
4
k>
9
The range of possible values of k is k >
15. (a) x
y
1
8
0
3
1
0
2
1
3
0
4
3
4
.
9
5
8
For 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0
= (3) 2 4( 2)( 4)
= 23
< 0
The equation 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.
24
(b)
The length and width of the rectangle are 11 cm and

8 cm respectively.
Let x cm be the length of the rectangle, then
88
cm is
x
the width of the rectangle.

88
2 x +
= 38
x
88
x+
= 19
x
x 2 + 88 = 19 x
16. (a) two

(b) The x-intercepts of y = 4x2 4x 3 are 0.5 and
1.5.
Therefore, the roots of the equation 4x2 4x 3 = 0
are 0.5 and 1.5.
17. (a) one
(b) The x-intercepts of y = x2 6x + 9 is 3.
Therefore, the roots of the equation x2 6x = 9 is
3.
20.
18. Let x be one of the number, then 27 x is the other

number.
x ( 27 x ) = 180
27 x x 2 = 180
x 27 x + 180 = 0
( x 15)( x 12) = 0
x 15 = 0 or x 12 = 0
x = 15 or
x = 12
The two numbers are 12 and 15.
x 2 19 x + 88 = 0
( x 11)( x 8) = 0
x 11 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 11 or
x = 8
The length and width of the rectangle are 11 cm and 8 cm
respectively.
Let x be one of the number, then
180
is the other
x
number.
180
= 27
x
2
x + 180 = 27 x
x 2 27 x + 180 = 0
( x 15)( x 12) = 0
x 15 = 0 or x 12 = 0
x = 15 or
x = 12
The two numbers are 12 and 15.
x+
19. Let x cm be the length of the rectangle, then

38 2 x
= (19 x ) cm is the width of the rectangle.
2
x (19 x ) = 88
19 x x 2 = 88
x 19 x + 88 = 0
( x 11)( x 8) = 0
x 11 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 11 or
x = 8
2
25
4x 2 8x + 3 = 0
( 2 x 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or 2 x 3 = 0
x = 0.5 or
x = 1.5
After 0.5 seconds and 1.5 seconds, the ball is 3 m
above the ground.
The equation x2 ax 40 = 0 has two distinct real
roots.
> 0
21.
8x 4 x 2 = 3
( a ) 2 4(1)( 40) > 0

a 2 + 160 > 0
a 2 > 160
The square of any numbers is always positive.
The equation x2 ax 40 = 0 has two distinct real
roots for any real values of a.
a = 1 or 2 or 3 (or any other reasonable answers)
2
2 x 1 = m
3
22.
4
1
2
4 x x + m = 0
3
9

x =
b 2 4ac
2a
4

3
4 4( 4) 1 m
3
9
2( 4)
4
16 m
= 3
8
To have two rational roots of different signs, we need
4
16 m >
3
16
16 m >
9
1
m >
9
m = 1 or 9 or 16 (or any other reasonable answers)
The graph of y = ax2 + 4x + c intersects the x-axis at

one point.
The equation ax2 + 4x + c = 0 has a double real
root.
= 0
23.
24.
( 4) 2 4ac = 0
16 4ac = 0
ac = 4
a = 2, c = 2 or a = 1, c = 4 or a = 2, c = 2.
2( x + 1)( x 1) = 5 x + 4
2( x 2 1) = 5 x + 4
2 x2 2 = 5x + 4
2 x2 5x = 6
5
x2 x = 3
2
2
x2
27.
5
5
5
x + = 3+
2
4

4
5
73
=
4
16
5
73
=
4
4
The graph y = x2 + 2x + k does not intersect the

x-axis.
The equation x2 + 2x + k = 0 has no real roots.
< 0
2 2 4( 1)( k ) < 0
4 + 4k < 0
k < 1
k = 4 or 3 or 2 (or any other reasonable
answers)
x=
5
73
4
4
5 + 73
4
or
5 73
4
(2 x + 3)( x 4) = 3x 2
2 x 2 5 x 12 = 3x 2
2 x 2 8 x = 10
Level 2
x2 4 x = 5
28.
x( x 6) + 4 = 0
x2 6x + 4 = 0
x 2 6 x = 4
2
25.
6
6
x 2 6 x + = 4 +
2
2
( x 3) 2 = 5
x3 = 5
x (6 x 5) = 4
x = 3 5
= 3+ 5
or
6x2 5x = 4
3 5
29.
16( x 2 + 4) = 64 x + 9
16 x 2 + 64 = 64 x + 9
16 x 2 4 x = 55
55
x2 4x =
16
2
26.
4
4
x2 4x + = 5 +
2
2
2
( x 2) = 9
x 2 = 3
x = 23
x = 5 or 1
6 x2 5x 4 = 0
(3 x 4)(2 x + 1) = 0
3x 4 = 0
4
x=
3
2x + 1 = 0
or
x =
1
2
2x
3
9( x 2 1) = 2 x
3( x 2 1) =
55 4
4
x2 4 x + = +
2
16

2
9
( x 2) 2 =
16
3
x2=
4
3
x = 2
4
11
5
=
or
4
4
or
30.
9x2 9 = 2x
9x 2x 9 = 0
2
26
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 2) (2) 2 4(9)(9)
2(9)
3
2
2(4), i.e. 3 and 8.
2 328
=
18
=
2 82
18
1 + 82
=
9
or
1 82
9
34. (a)
( 2 x + 1)(3 x 1) = 4( x 1)(2 x + 1)
2 x2 5x 3 = 0
(2 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 3 = 0
x=
1
2
x=3
or
( 2 x + 1)(3 x 1) = 4( x 1)(2 x + 1)
( 2 x + 1)(3x 1) 4( x 1)(2 x + 1) = 0
( 2 x + 1)[(3 x 1) 4( x 1)] = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x + 3) = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
1
x=
2
or
x3 = 0
or
x=3
( x 1) 2 + 4( x 1) + 4 = 0
x 2x + 1 + 4x 4 + 4 = 0
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
32.
( x + 1) 2 = 0
x +1 = 0
x = 1
x 2 11x + 24 = 0
The required equation is x 2 11x + 24 = 0 .
3x 2 + 8 x 3 = 0
(3 x 1)( x + 3) = 0
2x 3 = 0
3
x=
2
27
x=
or
3x 2 8 x 3 = 0
The required equation is 3 x 2 8 x 3 = 0 .
or
x+
The equation x 2 2( k 5) x + 16 = 0 has a

double real root.
=0
[2( k 5)]2 4(1)(16) = 0
4( k 5) 2 64 = 0
(k 5) 2 16 = 0
(k 5) 2 = 16
k 5 = 4
k = 5 4
=9
or
(b) For k = 9 ,
x 2 2(9 5) x + 16 = 0
x 2 8 x + 16 = 0
or
x4 = 0
or
x=4
1
3
x3 = 0
[ ( x 1) + 2] 2 = 0
2 x 2 11x + 12 = 0
(2 x 3)( x 4) = 0
x = 3
1
=0
3
x 3 = 0 or 3 x + 1 = 0
( x 3)(3 x 1) = 0
( x 1) 2 + 4( x 1) + 4 = 0
33. (a)
x+3= 0
or
x=3
( x + 1) 2 = 0
x +1 = 0
x = 1
or
1
1
.
3
3
1
i.e. 3 and .
3
35. (a)
x = 3 or
x=8
x 3 = 0 or x 8 = 0
( x 3)( x 8) = 0
3x 1 = 0
1
x=
3
6 x2 + x 1 = 8x2 4x 4
31.
( x 4) 2 = 0
x4= 0
x=4
For k = 1 ,
1
x 2 2(1 5) x + 16 = 0
8 x 2 8 x + 15 = 0
15
=0
(ii) 4 x 2 4 x +
2
19
4x2 4x +
=2
2
19
>3
2
The equation has no real roots.
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 0
( x + 4) 2 = 0
x+4=0
x = 4
The equation x 2 3x ( k + 2) = 0 has real
roots.
0
36. (a)
38. (a)
( 3) 4(1)[( k + 2)] 0
9 + 4(k + 2) 0
4k + 17 0
2
y
17
4
The range of possible values of k is k
(b)
10
(b)
17
.
4
17
.
4
17
x 2 3x
+ 2 = 0
4
9
2
x 3x + = 0
4
2
x = 0
2
3
x =0
2
3
x=
2
(c)
The x-intercepts of y = 2 x 2 x 5 read from the

Therefore, the roots of the equation 2 x 2 x 5 = 0
are 1.4 and 1.9.
39. (a)
x
y
37. (a)
2
5
17
4
Minimum value of k is
(c)
3
16
2
10
1
3
4 x2 4 x + k = 2
4 x 2 4 x + (k 2) = 0
(b)
The equation 4 x 2 4 x + ( k 2) = 0 has no

real roots.
<0
(b) (i)
( 4) 2 4( 4)(k 2) < 0
16 16( k 2) < 0
16k + 48 < 0
k >3
(c)
4 x2 4 x 1 = 0
4x2 4x + 1 = 2
1<3
The equation has real roots.
The x-intercepts of y = x 2 4 x 2 read from the

Therefore, the roots of the equation x 2 = 2( 2 x + 1)
are 0.4 and 4.4.
40. (a)
x
28

43. Let x km/h be the original speed of the car.
240 240
=
x
x + 15
240( x + 15 x)
=
x( x + 15)
5
(240)(15) =
4
4500 =
4
5
4
5
x( x + 15)
x 2 + 15 x
x + 15 x 4500 = 0
( x 60)( x + 75) = 0
2
(b) (i)
1 double real root
(ii) The x-intercept of y = x 2 8 x + 16 is 4.

Therefore, the root of the equation
x(8 x) = 16 is 4.
The graph of y = kx + 5 x + k touches the
x-axis..
The equation kx 2 + 5 x + k = 0 has a double real
root.
2
41.
=0
The original speed of the car is 60 km/h.
44. Let V m3 be the volume of the swimming pool, and

x h be the time the larger pipe take to fill up the
swimming pool, then ( x + 6) h is the time the smaller
pipe take to fill up the swimming pool and
V 3
V
+
m is the volume of water filled in the
x
x
+6
swimming pool in 1 hour using two pipes.
5 4(k )(k ) = 0
2
V
=4
V
V
+
x x+6
25 4k 2 = 0
(5 + 2k )(5 2k ) = 0
5 + 2k = 0
or 5 2k = 0
5
5
k=
or
k=
2
2
42.
x 60 = 0 or x + 75 = 0
x = 60 or
x = 75 (rejected)
1
1
V = 4V +
x x+6
x + 6+ x
1 = 4
x( x + 6)
The graph of y = 2 x 2 + 3 x k 1 has two distinct

x-intercepts.
The equation 2 x 2 + 3 x k 1 = 0 has two distinct
real roots.
x 2 + 6 x = 8 x + 24
x 2 x 24 = 0
( x 6)( x + 4) = 0
2
x6 =0
x=6
>0
( 3 )2 4( 2 )( k 1 ) > 0
9 8(k + 1 ) > 0
1 8k > 0
1
k<
8
The range of possible values of k is k <
x+4=0
x = 4 (rejected)
It would take the larger pipe 6 hours to fill up the

swimming pool.
AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
1
.
8
( x + 3) 2 + (7 x 2) 2 = (6 x + 5) 2
45. (a)
x 2 + 6 x + 9 + 49 x 2 28 x + 4 = 36 x 2 + 60 x + 25
(b)
29
or
or
14 x 2 82 x 12 = 0
7 x 2 41x 6 = 0
7 x 2 41x 6 = 0
(7 x + 1)( x 6) = 0
7x + 1 = 0
or
1
x = (rejected) or
7
x6 = 0
x=6
1
AC BC
2
(6 + 3) (7 6 2)
=
cm 2
Area of ABC
2
9 40
=
cm 2
2
= 180 cm 2
=
46. (a)
Perimeter of ABC
= AB + BC + AC
= [(6 6 + 5) + (7 6 2) + (6 + 3)] cm
= ( 41 + 40 + 9) cm
= 90 cm
Area of shaded region
43
= (5 x 2)(3 x + 1)
8 cm 2
2
= (15 x 2 x 2 48) cm 2
= (15 x 2 x 50) cm 2
15 x 2 x 50 = 186
(b) (i)
(ii)
15 x 2 x 236 = 0
15 x 2 x 236 = 0
(15 x + 59)( x 4) = 0
15 x + 59 = 0
or x 4 = 0
59
x=
(rejected) or
x=4
15
JK = BC BJ KC
= [(3 4 + 1) 4 4] cm
= 5 cm
GH = AB AG HB
= [(5 4 2) 3 3] cm
= 12 cm
4.
x = 5 or
x=2
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
( x + 5)( x 2) = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
The required equation is y = x 2 + 3x 10 .
Answer: D
For x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 ,
= 22 4(1)(3)
= 8
<0
The equation x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
The graph y = x 2 + 2 x + 3 has no x-intercepts.

For x = 0
y = 0 2 + 2(0) + 3
=3
The graph y = x 2 + 2 x + 3 has positive
y-intercept.
5. Answer: B
The graph y = x 2 4 x + c touches the x-axis.
The equation x 2 4 x + c = 0 has a double real

root.
=0
( 4) 2 4(1)(c) = 0
16 4c = 0
c=4
6. Answer: A
The equation x 2 + ( k + 8) x + 8k = 0 has a double
root.
=0
(k + 8) 4(1)(8k ) = 0
2
k 2 + 16k + 64 32k = 0
k 2 16k + 64 = 0
(k 8) 2 = 0
k 8 = 0
k =8
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 48)

1.
Answer: C
2x2 x 6 = 0
( 2 x + 3)( x 2) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x 2 = 0
x=
3
or
2
x=2
2. Answer: B
16 x 2 + 8 x + 1
= ( 4 x + 1) 2
3.
Answer: D
The x-intercepts of the graph are 5 and 2.
The roots of the graph are 5 and 2.
7. Answer: A
The equation x 2 8 x + p = 0 has no real roots.
<0
( 8) 2 4(1)( p ) < 0
64 4 p < 0
p > 16
The range of possible values of p is p > 16.
8. Answer: D
( x 2)( x 4) = ( x 2)
( x 2)( x 4) ( x 2) = 0
( x 2)[( x 4) 1] = 0
( x 2)( x 5) = 0
30

x 2 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 2 or
x=5
9. Answer: B
is a root of 2 x 2 + 3 x 5 = 0 .
2 + 3 5 = 0
4 + 6 5 = 2(2 + 3 5) + 5
= 2(0) + 5
.
=5
2
10. Answer: A
The graph y = x 2 8 x + c has two x-intercepts.
The equation x 2 8 x + c = 0 has two distinct real

roots.
>0
( 8) 2 4(1)(c) > 0
64 4c > 0
c < 16
The range of possible values of c is c < 16.
2
2
5 1
4
3
3
2 4
x=
5
2
2
2
53
3
18
=
5
=
2
106
15
30
4 + 106
30
f ( x) + kg ( x) = 0
30 x 2 8 x 3 = 0
[(4 k )]2 4( 41 2k )(4) = 0
k 2 8k + 16 656 + 32k = 0
k 2 + 24k 640 = 0
(k 16)(k + 40) = 0
k 16 = 0
or k + 40 = 0
k = 16
d = 40
or
Lets Discuss
p. 20
Angels method:
5 2 2x 1
x
=
2
3
4
5 2 2x 1
x
=0
2
3 4
31
k = 40
( 8) (8) 2 4(30)(3)
2(30)
8 424
60
8 2 106
60
4 106
30
4 + 106
30
41x 2 4 x + 4 + k ( 2 x 2 + x) = 0
( 41 2k ) x 2 ( 4 k ) x + 4 = 0
The equation f ( x ) + kg ( x) = 0 has a single root.
=0
4 106
30
Kens method:
5 2 2x 1
x
=
2
3
4
30 x 2 8 x = 3
x=
HKMO (p. 49)
or
or
4 106
30
32

4ACh01Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

10 x = 1.666 666 (2)

Activity 1.1 (p. 28)

The quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be solved

(b) 2x2 + 13x + 15 = 0

x = 0.166 666 (1)

The required equation is 4 x 2 + 3 x 1 = 0.

The required equation is 6x2 x 2 = 0.

(b) The roots of the required equation are

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

= 5.83 (cor. to 2. d.p.) or 0.17 (cor. to 2 d.p.)

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

The equation x2 9x + k = 0 has a double real root.

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

The x-intercepts of y = 2x2 + 3x 5 are 2.5 and 1.

The range of possible values of k is k <

Let x be the number of days Mr Tung worked in the

100 x 2 + 300 x 10800 = 0

Exercise 1A (p. 11)

Area of the border

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

22. Let h and k be the roots of the equation x2 18x + c = 0

c = 72 or 77 or 80 (or any other reasonable

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

(b) The roots of the required equation are

Exercise 1B (p. 17)

(b) The roots of the required equation are

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

x2 2ax + b is a perfect square.

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

The roots of (x d)2 =

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

Exercise 1C (p. 21)

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

(9) (9) 2 4(35)(2)

Using the quadratic formula,

(3) (3) 2 4(2)(2)

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

Using the quadratic formula,

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

Using the quadratic formula,

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4A

Using the quadratic formula,

(6) (6) 2 4(2)(3)

(7) (7)2 4(6)(1)

10. Using the quadratic formula,

Quadratic Equations in One Unknown

Exercise 1D (p. 26)

0.2 x 2 + 0.8( x + 2) = 0.8

0.2 x 2 + 0.8 x + 1.6 = 0.8

0.2 x 2 + 0.8 x + 0.8 = 0

The equation x2 4x 1= 0 has two distinct real

The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has two distinct real