Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
x
x2
x
6
y
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 0 4 6 6 4 0 6
2.
3.
3, 2
x = 3 or
Let x = 0.1 2 ,
i.e. x = 0.121 212 (1)
100 x = 12.121 212 (2)
(2) (1) , 99 x = 12
12
x =
99
4
=
33
4
0.1 2 =
33
4.
Let x = 0.1 23 ,
i.e.
x = 0.123 123
1000 x = 123.123 123
(2) (1) ,
x=2
Let x = 0.8 ,
i.e. x = 0.888 888 (1)
10 x = 8.888 888 (2)
(2) (1) , 9 x = 8
8
x=
9
8
0.8 =
9
1.
Let x = 0.16 ,
2.
999 x = 123
123
x=
999
41
=
333
41
0.1 23 =
333
Quadratic equation
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
5x2 = 6 x
x2 4 = 5x
3x2 = 4
8x = x2
2 x(3 x) = 0
(1 + x)(1 x) + 3x = 2
General form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
5x2 + x 6 = 0
x2 5x 4 = 0
3x2 + 0x 4 = 0
x2 8x + 0 = 0
x2 3x + 2 = 0
x2 3x + 1 = 0
p.8
1.
(a)
x2 10x + 16 = 0
(x 2)(x 8) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 2 or
x =8
(1)
(2)
p.6
Follow-up Exercise
p. 3
9 x = 1.5
90 x = 15
15
x =
90
1
=
6
1
0.16 =
6
3.
x2 + x 6 = 0
4.
( x + 3)( x 2) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0
5.
i.e.
Activity
Value of
a b c
5 1 6
1 5 4
3 0 4
1 8 0
1 3 2
1 3 1
1
(2x + 3)(x + 5) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x + 5 = 0
3
x=
or
x = 5
2
(c)
2.
(a)
(b)
x = 1 or
1.
4 x 25 = 0
( 2 x + 5)(2 x 5) = 0
(a)
1
=0
4
x + 1 = 0 or 4 x 1 = 0
( x + 1)(4 x 1) = 0
(3 x 2)(2 x + 1) = 0
6x 2 x 2 = 0
(a)
2x + 5 = 0
or 2 x 5 = 0
5
5
x=
or
x=
2
2
2 x 2 15 x 8 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 8) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 8 = 0
1
x=
or
x=8
2
x ( x + 2) = 15
x 2 + 2 x = 15
(c)
i.e. 2 and
x + 2 x 15 = 0
( x + 5)( x 3) = 0
x+5= 0
or x 3 = 0
x = 5 or
x=3
2
x 2 4x + 3 = 0
( x 1)( x 3) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 1 or
x=3
Alternative Solution
( x + 1)( x 3) = 2( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3) 2( x 3) = 0
( x 3)[( x + 1) 2] = 0
( x 3)( x 1) = 0
x3= 0
or
x 1 = 0
x=3
or
x =1
p.10
3.
(a)
x=
1
8
1
=0
8
x + 2 = 0 or 8 x 1 = 0
( x + 2)(8 x 1) = 0
8 x 2 + 15 x 2 = 0
The required equation is 8x2 + 15x 2 = 0.
x+2=0
x 2 2x 3 = 2x 6
1
1
1 and
8
2
1
.
8
x = 2 or
( x + 1)( x 3) = 2( x 3)
(d)
1
4
4 x 2 + 3x 1 = 0
12 x 2 + x 6 = 0
( 4 x + 3)(3x 2) = 0
4x + 3 = 0
or 3 x 2 = 0
3
2
x=
or
x=
4
3
x=
x + 1 = 0 or x
3x 2 5 x 2 = 0
(3 x + 1)( x 2) = 0
3x + 1 = 0
or x 2 = 0
1
x=
or
x=2
3
4 x 2 = 25
or
4 x 2 13 x 12 = 0
( 4 x + 3)( x 4) = 0
4x + 3 = 0
or x 4 = 0
3
x=
or
x=4
4
3
(b) The roots of the required equation are 4 and
2
4
3
, i.e. and 2.
2
8
3
x = or
x =2
8
3
x + =0
or
x 2 = 0
8
8x + 3 = 0 or
x2=0
(8 x + 3)( x 2) = 0
8 x 2 13x 6 = 0
The required equation is 8x2 13x 6 0.
(a)
(b)
2.
(a)
( x + 1) 2 = 9
x + 1 = 3
x = 1 + 3 or
= 2
or
1 3
4
( 2 x 3) 2 =
2x 3 =
2x = 3 + 2
5
x =
2
32
1
2
4
2
or
or
(a)
1
1
1
x + = x
3
6
6
8.
x2 +
5
5
5
x + = x +
2
4
4
p. 16
x2 8x 9 = 0
x2 8x = 9
2
x2 = 5
5 or 2
1.
(a)
8
8
x2 8x + = 9 +
2
2
( x 4) 2 = 25
x 4 = 5
x = 45
x + 1 = 6
4
1
x+
= 6
4
x = 9 or 1
2 x 5x 3 = 0
5
3
x2 x = 0
2
2
5
3
x2 x =
2
2
2
( x 3) 2 = 8
x3= 8
x = 3+ 8
5
3 5
5
x x+ = +
2
4
2 4
or 3 8
x2
1
1
x = + 6 or 6
4
4
3.
7.
(b)
1
1
1
x + = x
2
4
4
( x 2) 2 = 5
x = 2+
x2
p.13
1.
6.
(b)
5
2
5
5
or 2
2
2
= 0.88 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 3.12 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
5
49
x =
4
16
5
7
x =
4
4
5 7
x=
4 4
= 3 or
x = 2 +
1
2
x2 + 7x 1 = 0
x2 + 7x = 1
7 2
x 2 + 7 x + = 1 +
2
p. 15
2
18
x 2 + 18 x + = ( x + 9) 2
2
1.
2.
12
x 2 12 x + = ( x 6) 2
2
3.
7
7
x2 + 7x + = x +
2
2
4.
8
x 2 + 8 x + = ( x + 4) 2
2
5.
9
9
x 2 9 x + = x
2
2
7
2
2.
(a)
x + 7 = 53
2
4
x+
7
53
=
2
2
7
53
x =
2
2
7 + 53
7 53
=
or
2
2
(b)
3x 2 6 x 2 = 0
2
x2 2x
= 0
3
2
x2 2x =
3
2
2
2
2 2
x 2 2 x + =
+
3 2
2
5
( x 1) 2 =
3
5
x 1 =
3
5
x = 1+
or 1
3
4.
b 2 4ac
2a
82 4(1)( 3)
2(1)
8 52
2
8 2 13
=
2
= 4 + 13 or 4 13
5
3
4x = x 2 + 3
x + 4x 3 = 0
5.
x=
=
x =
b b 2 4ac
2a
4 42 4(1)(32)
2(1)
4 144
2
4 12
=
2
= 4 or 8
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 5)
1.
( 5) 2 4( 2)( 2)
2( 2 )
5 9
4
53
=
4
1
= 2 or
2
=
3x 2 = 10 x + 8
3.
3x 2 + 10 x 8 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x=
=
b 2 4ac
2a
4 2 4(1)( 3)
2(1)
p. 25
4 28
2
42 7
=
2
= 2 + 7 or 2
2.
p.20
1.
Quadratic equations
Value of
x2 + 4x + 2 = 0
= 42 4(1)(2) = 8 > 0
2x2 3x 5 = 0
= (3)2 4(2)(5) = 49 > 0
2
x + 8x + 16 = 0
= 82 4(1)(16) = 0
2
2x + 5x = 0
= 52 4(2)(0) = 25 > 0
2
4x + 25 = 0
= 02 4(4)(25) = 400 < 0
Nature of roots
2 distinct
1 double real root
No real roots
real roots
2.
b b 4ac
2a
2
10 10 2 4(3)(8)
2(3)
10 196
6
10 14
=
6
2
=
or 4
3
=
3.
( 9) 2 4(1)( k ) = 0
81 4k = 0
81
k =
4
The equation (2k 1)x2 + 3x 6 = 0 has no real
roots.
3 4( 2k 1)( 6) < 0
9 + 48k 24 < 0
48k 15 < 0
15
k <
48
5
k <
16
2
x=
=
5
.
16
1.
2.
(a)
0
1
1
0
2
1
3
4
18 18 2 4( 2)(57)
2( 2)
18 780
4
18 2 195
=
4
9 195
=
2
9 + 195
9 195
=
or
(rejected)
2
2
= 2.48 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
4
9
2.
(b)
b b 2 4ac
2a
p. 30
2 1
9 4
4 x 2 + 36 x 114 = 0
2 x 2 + 18 x 57 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x
y
4 x 2 + 36 x = 114
3600
100 ( x + 3) = 3600
10 800
300 = 3600
x
100 x 2 + 3300 x + 10 800 = 3600 x
3600 100 x +
(c)
The x-intercept of y = x2 2x + 1 is 1.
Therefore, the root of the equation x2 2x + 1 = 0
is 1.
Exercise
p. 33
1.
positive
2.
positive
3.
negative
4.
zero
5.
negative
6.
positive
( x 3)( x 4) = 0
x 3 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 4
2.
(3x + 2)( x + 2) = 0
3x + 2 = 0
or
x+2=0
2
x=
or
x = 2
3
p. 40
1.
(a)
= ( 4 x 2 + 36 x + 77 77) cm 2
= ( 4 x 2 + 36 x ) cm 2
3.
x 2 + 3x 108 = 0
( x + 12)( x 9) = 0
x + 12 = 0
or x 9 = 0
x = 12 (rejected) or
x = 9
Mr Tung worked in the project for 9 days.
3x ( x + 5) = 0
x ( x + 5) = 0
1
x=0
x=0
4.
5.
6.
7.
or
or
x+5= 0
x = 5
5( x 1)( x + 3) = 0
( x 1)( x + 3) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 3
x = 1 or
2 y2 5y = 0
y ( 2 y 5) = 0
y = 0 or 2 y 5 = 0
5
y = 0 or
y =
2
x2 6x + 5 = 0
( x 1)( x 5) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 1 or
x = 5
8.
x 2 7 x 30 = 0
( x + 3)( x 10) = 0
x+3= 0
or x 10 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 10
9.
2 x 2 15 x 8 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 8) = 0
2 x + 1 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x=
10.
4 y 3 = 0 or 3 y 2 = 0
3
2
y =
or
y =
4
3
13.
14.
16 121x 2 = 0
121x 2 16 = 0
(11x + 4)(11x 4) = 0
11x + 4 = 0
or 11x 4 = 0
4
4
x =
or
x =
11
11
1
or
2
6 w + 13w + 6 = 0
(3w + 2)( 2 w + 3) = 0
2w + 2 = 0
or 2 w + 3 = 0
2
3
w =
or
w =
3
2
2 15 x 8 x 2 = 0
8 x 2 + 15 x 2 = 0
(8 x 1)( x + 2) = 0
8 x 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 2
8
5x 2 = 9 x + 2
5x 2 9 x 2 = 0
(5 x + 1)( x 2) = 0
5x + 1 = 0
or x 2 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 2
5
16.
17.
12 4 y = 5 y 2
5 y 2 + 4 y 12 = 0
(5 y 6)( y + 2) = 0
5 y 6 = 0 or y + 2 = 0
6
y =
or
y = 2
5
18.
19.
11.
12m 2 + 25m + 12 = 0
( 4m + 3)( 3m + 4) = 0
4m + 3 = 0
or 3m + 4 = 0
3
4
m =
or
m =
4
3
15.
x =8
4 x 2 + 13x 12 = 0
( 4 x 3)( x + 4) = 0
4 x 3 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
3
x =
or
x = 4
4
2
20.
12.
12 y 2 17 y + 6 = 0
( 4 y 3)( 3 y 2) = 0
x = 0 or
x=1
x = 0 or x 1 = 0
x ( x 1) = 0
x2 x = 0
The required equation is x2 x = 0.
x=4
or
x = 1
x4=0
or x + 1 = 0
( x 4)( x + 1) = 0
x 2 3x 4 = 0
The required equation is x2 3x 4 = 0.
x=2
or
x=3
x2=0
or x 3 = 0
( x 2)( x 3) = 0
x 2 5x + 6 = 0
The required equation is x2 5x + 6 = 0.
x = 1
or
x = 4
x+1=0
or x + 4 = 0
( x + 1)( x + 4) = 0
x 2 + 5x + 4 = 0
The required equation is x2 +5x + 4 = 0.
21.
x 2 ( h + k ) x + hk = 0
By comparing coefficients, we have
h + k = b
hk = 24
Let h = 4, k = 6, then b = 4 + 6 = 2
Let h = 3, k = 8, then b = 3 + 8 = 5
Let h = 2, k = 12, then b = 2 + 12 = 10
b = 2 or 5 or 10 (or any other reasonable answers)
2 y (19 4 y ) = 35
26.
8 y 2 38 y + 35 = 0
( 2 y 7)( 4 y 5) = 0
2 y 7 = 0 or 4 y 5 = 0
7
5
y =
or
y =
2
4
27.
x = h or
x=k
x h = 0 or x k = 0
x 2 ( h + k ) x + hk = 0
By comparing coefficients, we have
h + k = 18
hk = c
Let h = 6, k = 12, then c = 6 12 = 72
Let h = 7, k = 11, then c = 7 11 = 77
Let h = 8, k = 10, then c = 8 10 = 80
28.
( x + 3)( 2 x + 1) + 3 = 0
30.
6x 2 + x + 5 = 0
x 2 3x ( x 5) = 25
2 x 2 + 15 x 25 = 0
25.
2 x 2 15 x + 25 = 0
( 2 x 5)( x 5) = 0
2 x 5 = 0 or x 5 = 0
5
x =
or
x = 5
2
5 x ( x 2) ( x 2 ) 2 = 0
( x 2)[5 x ( x 2)] = 0
( x 2)( 4 x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0 or 4 x + 2 = 0
x = 2 or
(3x + 1)(1 2 x ) + 4 = 0
6x 2 x 5 = 0
( 6 x + 5)( x 1) = 0
6x + 5 = 0
or x 1 = 0
5
x =
or
x =1
6
6 x 2 15 x 21 = 0
5 x ( x 2 ) = ( x 2) 2
Level 2
24.
6 x 2 21x 12 = 9 6 x
2 x 7 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
7
x =
or
x = 1
2
2x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
( 2 x + 3)( x + 2) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x + 2 = 0
3
x =
or
x = 2
2
15 y 2 34 y + 15 = 0
(3 y 5)(5 y 3) = 0
3 y 5 = 0 or 5 y 3 = 0
5
3
y=
or
y=
3
5
2 x 2 5x 7 = 0
( 2 x 7)( x + 1) = 0
29.
23.
15( y 2 + 1) = 34 y
( x 4)( 6 x + 3) = 3(3 2 x )
( x h )( x k ) = 0
8 y + 38 y 35 = 0
2
x =
3 y ( y 6)
3 y ( y 6)
3 y ( y 6) ( y + 6)( y 6)
( y 6)[3 y ( y + 6)]
( y 6)( 2 y 6)
y 6 = 0 or 2 y 6 = 0
y = 6 or
y = 3
1
2
=
=
=
=
=
y 2 36
( y + 6)( y 6)
0
0
0
( 2 x 5) 2 = ( x 3)( 2 x 5)
31.
( 2 x 5) 2 ( x 3)( 2 x 5) = 0
( 2 x 5)[( 2 x 5) ( x 3)] = 0
( 2 x 5)( x 2) = 0
2 x 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
5
x =
or
x = 2
2
32.
( x + 1) 2 + 3( x + 1) 4 = 0
[( x + 1) 1][( x + 1) + 4] = 0
x ( x + 5) = 0
x = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x = 0 or
x = 5
1
or
2
x =
33.
x = 2
38. (a)
1
= 0 or x + 2 = 0
2
2 x 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
( 2 x 1)( x + 2) = 0
x
2 x 2 + 3x 2 = 0
The required equation is 2x2 + 3x 2 = 0.
x =
34.
1
or
3
x =
3
2
1
3
= 0
or x
= 0
3
2
3x + 1 = 0
or 2 x 3 = 0
(3x + 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
6x 7x 3 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 7x 3 = 0.
1
1
x =
or
x =
2
3
1
1
x +
= 0
or x +
= 0
2
3
2x + 1 = 0
or 3x + 1 = 0
( 2 x + 1)(3 x + 1) = 0
35.
1
2
7
3
x=
or
x=
3
2
7
3
x = 0 or
x+ =0
3
2
3 x 7 = 0 or 2 x + 3 = 0
(3x 7)( 2 x + 3) = 0
x=2
36.
37. (a)
1
or
3
39. (a)
6 x 2 + 5x + 1 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 + 5x + 1 = 0.
4 x 2 8x + 3 = 0
The required equation is 4x2 8x + 3 = 0.
4x 2 8x + 3 = 0
( 2 x 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or 2 x 3 = 0
1
3
x =
or
x =
2
2
3
1
= 0 or x = 0
2
2
2 x 3 = 0 or 2 x 1 = 0
( 2 x 3)( 2 x 1) = 0
x
1
(b) The roots of the required equation are 2 and
2
3
2 , i.e. 1 and 3.
2
x +
x =1
or
x=3
x 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
( x 1)( x 3) = 0
x2 4x + 3 = 0
The required equation is x2 4x + 3 = 0.
2x2 9x 5 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 5) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 5 = 0
1
x =
or
x = 5
2
1
+ 5 and
2
1
9
5
(5) , i.e. and .
2
2
2
9
5
x=
or
x =
2
2
9
5
x =0 or x + =0
2
2
2x 9 = 0
or
2x + 5 = 0
( 2 x 9)( 2 x + 5) = 0
4 x 2 8 x 45 = 0
The required equation is 4x2 8x 45 = 0.
x = 1
6 x 2 5 x 21 = 0
The required equation is 6x2 5x 21 = 0.
3x 8 x + 4 = 0
(3x 2)( x 2) = 0
3x 2 = 0 or x 2 = 0
2
x =
or
x = 2
3
2
Level 1
1.
1
2
3
and
( x + 5) 2 = 36
x + 5 = 6
x = 5 + 6 or 5 6
=1
or 11
1
, i.e.
2
3
1
and .
2
2
x=
3
or
2
x=
1
2
16
9
4
x4=
3
2
9 2 x = 5
3
( x 4) 2 =
2.
2
2 x 2 = 5
3
9
4
4
or 4
3
3
16
8
=
or
3
3
7.
x =4+
2x
x + 1 = 25
3
1
x + = 5
3
1
1
x = + 5 or 5
3
3
14
16
=
or
3
3
3.
25 2 = 7
3
7
x
2 =
25
3
x
7
2 =
3
5
x
7
= 2
3
5
3 7
3 7
x = 6+
or 6
5
5
8.
4.
25 x = 4
5
1
4
x =
5
25
1
2
x =
5
5
1 2
1 2
x = + or
5 5
5 5
3
1
=
or
5
5
( x 3) 2 = 2
5.
x3= 2
x = 3+
2 or 3
9.
x+5=
6
p=
2
=9
7
2
x = 5+
7
7
or 5
2
2
6
x 2 6 x + 9 = x
2
= ( x 3) 2
8
p =
10.
2
= 16
4( x + 5) 2 = 7
7
( x + 5) 2 =
4
6.
11.
x 2 + 5x +
3
p =
4
12.
9
=
16
8
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = x +
2
= ( x + 4) 2
5
p =
2
25
=
4
2
5
=
3
3
2 5
2x =
3
2+ 5
2 5
x =
or
6
6
25
5
= x +
4
2
x2
3x
9
3
+
= x
2
16
4
13.
2a
b = 2
= a2
a = 2, b = 4 or a = 1, b = 1 or a = 1, b = 1.
(or any other reasonable answers)
18.
1
(x d ) =
4
2 x 2 10 x 5 = 0
5
x 2 5x
= 0
2
5
x 2 5x =
2
2
2
5
5 5
x 2 5 x + =
+
2 2
2
2
x 5 = 35
2
4
14.
xd =
1
2
x = d
x
1
2
1
are integers.
4
1
1
1
d = 1 or 2 or 3 (or any other reasonable
2
2
2
answers)
Level 2
x 2 8 x + 15 = 0
19.
x 2 8 x = 15
2
15.
8
x 2 8 x +
2
( x 4) 2
x4
x
8
= 15 +
2
=1
= 1
= 4 1
= 5 or 3
x 16 x + 28 = 0
2
x 2 16 x = 28
2
16.
16
x 2 16 x +
2
( x 8) 2
x8
x
16
= 28 +
2
= 36
= 6
= 86
= 14 or 2
20.
x 2 + 7 x 98 = 0
x 2 + 7 x = 98
2
7
7
x 2 + 7 x + = 98 +
2
2
5
35
=
2
2
5
35
x =
2
2
5 + 35
5 35
=
or
2
2
3x 2 + 6 x 28 = 0
28
x2 + 2x
= 0
3
28
x2 + 2x =
3
2
2
2
28 2
x 2 + 2 x + =
+
3
2
2
31
( x + 1) 2 =
3
31
x +1=
3
31
= 1+
or 1
3
3x 2 6 x 7 = 0
7
x2 2x
= 0
3
7
x2 2x =
3
2
2
2
7 2
2
x 2x + =
+
3 2
2
10
2
( x 1) =
3
10
x 1 =
3
10
x = 1+
or 1
3
31
3
10
3
21.
3x 2 + 7 x 3 = 0
17.
7
441
x + =
2
4
7
21
x+ =
2
2
7 21
x=
2 2
= 7 or - 14
7
x 1 = 0
3
7
x2 + x = 1
3
x2 +
x2 +
7
7
7
x + = 1+
3
6
6
7
85
x+ =
6
36
10
x+
7
85
=
6
6
7
85
x=
6
6
7 + 85
7 85
=
or
6
6
x 2 + 2 3x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 2 3 x = 1
2
24.
2 3
2 3
= 1 +
x 2 + 2 3 x +
2
2
( x + 3)2 = 2
x+ 3 = 2
x= 3 2
5( x 1) = 4 x
5x2 4x 5 = 0
2
22.
= 3 + 2 or 3 2
4
x2 x 1 = 0
5
4
x2 x = 1
5
2
x2
4
4
4
x + = 1+
5
10
10
x2
3
= 0
4
3
x 2 2 5x
= 0
2
3
x 2 2 5x =
2
2
29
x =
5
25
25.
2
29
=
5
5
2
29
x=
5
5
2 + 29
2 29
=
or
5
5
5x
3 2 5
2 5
x 2 2 5x +
+
=
2 2
2
13
(x 5)2 =
2
13
x 5 =
2
13
= 5 +
or
2
2 x 2 5 x 30 = 0
x2
23.
( x 1)(2 +3 x ) = x 2
3x 2 x 2 = x 2
2x 2 x 2 = 0
1
x2 x 1= 0
2
1
x2 x =1
2
2
x2
1
1
1
x + =1+
2
4
4
x2
26.
1 17
x =
4 16
1
17
x =
4
4
1
17
x=
4
4
1 + 17
1 17
=
or
4
4
11
5
x 15 = 0
2
5
x2
x = 15
2
5
5
5
= 15 +
x +
4
2
4
x 5 = 245
4
16
5
7 5
=
4
4
5 7 5
x=
4
4
= 2 5 or
3 5
2
13
2
1
5.
1.
2.
( 4 )
7.
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 31) (31) 2 4(14)(15)
2(14)
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
(2) (2) 2 4(3)(13)
2(3)
2 160
6
2 4 10
=
6
1 + 2 10
1 2 10
=
or
3
3
=
5 5 2 4(2)(6)
2(2)
5 73
4
5 + 73
5 73
=
or
4
4
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 361
70
9 19
=
70
2
1
= or
5
7
b b 2 4ac
2a
2(1)
x=
x=
4.
6.
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 25
4
35
=
4
1
= 2 or
2
( 7) (7) 2 4(1)(11)
7 5
2
7+ 5
7 5
=
or
2
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 4) 2 4(1)( 5)
2(1)
x=
3.
b 2 4ac
2a
36
2
46
=
2
= 5 or 1
=
x=
Level 1
8.
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 3 2 4(3)(5)
2(3)
3 69
6
3 + 69
3 69
=
or
6
6
=
31 121
28
31 11
=
28
3
5
= or
2
7
=
12
b b 2 4ac
x=
2a
=
13.
b 2 4ac
2a
32 4(9)( 4)
2(9)
3 153
18
3 3 17
=
18
1 + 17
1 17
=
or
6
6
= 0.52 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 0.85 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
x ( 3x + 4) = ( x + 1)( x 2)
14.
3x 2 + 4 x = x 2 x 2
2 x 2 + 5x + 2 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
7 73
12
7 + 73
7 73
=
or
12
12
=
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
5 5 2 4( 2)(2)
2( 2)
5 9
4
53
=
4
= 0.5 or 2
=
Level 2
11. x ( x 10) + 5 = 0
x 2 10 x + 5 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 10)
( 10) 2 4(1)(5)
2(1)
10 80
2
10 4 5
=
2
= 5+2 5
or 5 2 5
= 9.47 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 0.53 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
=
x + 1 ( x + 1) = 3 x
2
4
3
1
3x
2
x + x+
=
15.
2
2
4
9x
1
2
x +
+
= 0
4
2
2
4x + 9x + 2 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x=
=
7 x 5x 2 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
b 2 4ac
2a
( 5)
( 5) 2 4(7)( 2)
2( 7)
5 81
14
59
=
14
=
2
7
= 1 or 0.29 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= 1 or
9 92 4(4)(2)
2( 4)
x =
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 49
8
97
=
8
= 0.25 or 2
5x + 2 = 7 x 2
12.
13
b b 2 4ac
2a
9 x 2 + 3x 4 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x =
6 12
=
4
62 3
=
4
3+ 3
3 3
=
or
2
2
x=
(3x + 2)(3x 2) + 3x = 0
16.
( x 3)( 2 x 5) = x ( x + 3) + 2
2
2 x 2 11x + 15 = x + 3 x + 2
x 2 14 x + 13 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 14)
20.
( 14) 4(1)(13)
2(1)
2
( 2 x + 1)( 3x 2) = (6 x + 5) 2 4 x
6 x 2 x 2 = 36 x 2 + 56 x + 25
30 x 2 + 57 x + 27 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
14 144
2
14 12
=
2
= 13 or 1
=
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
57
57 2 4(30)( 27)
2(30)
57 9
60
57 3
=
60
= 0.9 or 1
=
17.
( 2 x 3) 2 + 6 x = 7
4x2 6x + 9 = 7
4x2 6x + 2 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x =
=
b 2 4ac
2a
( 6)
( 6) 2 4( 4)( 2)
2( 4)
6 4
8
62
=
8
= 1 or 0.5
=
Level 1
1.
= ( 4) 2 4(1)( 1)
= 20
2
For x 4 x 1 = 0,
roots.
b 2 4ac
2a
4 2 4(1)( 4)
2(1)
4
=
2
= 2
2.
2
For 2 x + 3x + 1 = 0,
= 32 4( 2)(1)
=1
>0
( x 3) = ( 2 x + 1)( x 2)
2
19.
x 2 6 x + 9 = 2 x 2 3x 2
x 2 + 3x 11 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
3 32 4(1)(11)
=
2(1)
3.
For 3x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
= 2 2 4(3)( 2)
= 20
3 53
2
3 53
3 53
=
or
2
2
= 2.14 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 5.14 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
=
<0
4.
For x2 + 4x + 4 = 0,
14
roots.
>0
(3) 4(2)(k ) > 0
2
=0
5.
For 2x2 4x + 3 = 0,
= ( 4) 2 4( 2)(3)
= 8
<0
9 8k > 0
9
k<
8
9
The range of possible values of k is k < 8 .
10.
real roots.
>0
3 4(5)(k + 1) > 0
9 20k 20 > 0
11 20k > 0
2
k<
6.
For 3x2 + x 10 = 0,
= 12 4(3)(10)
= 121
11
20
11
The range of possible values of k is k < 20 .
>0
11.
roots.
roots.
i.e. 4 4(3)(k ) 0
16 12k 0
2
7.
real root.
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
2
8.
real root.
= 0
( 4k ) 2 4(1)(16k + 20) = 0
12k 16
4
k
3
= 0
( 2) 4( k 1)(1)
4 4k + 4
8 4k
k
2
16k 2 64k 80 = 0
12.
i.e.
k 2 4k 5 = 0
( k 5)( k + 1) = 0
15
0
(2k ) 2 4( k + 1)(k 2) 0
4 k 2 4k 2 + 4k + 8 0
4k + 8 0
4 k 8
k 2
k 5 = 0 or k + 1 = 0
k = 5 or
k = 1
9.
4
3 .
13.
< 0
17.
( k + 2) x 2 = 2 x 1
( k + 2) x 2 2 x + 1 = 0
52 4(3)( k ) < 0
25 + 12k < 0
k <
25
12
< 0
25
The range of possible values of k is k < 12 .
( 2) 4( k + 2)(1) < 0
4 4k 8 < 0
k > 1
2
14.
roots.
3( x 2 + 1) = x + 12k
18.
3 x 2 + 3 = x + 12k
< 0
3 x 2 x + (3 12k ) = 0
( 4) 2 4( k + 2)( 5) < 0
16 + 20k + 40 < 0
56 + 20k < 0
k <
roots.
<0
( 1) 4(3)(3 12k ) < 0
1 36 + 144k < 0
35
k<
144
2
14
The range of possible values of k is k < 5 .
15.
roots.
35
The range of possible values of k is k < 144 .
> 0
32 4ac > 0
9 4ac > 0
9
ac <
4
1
a = 2 , c = 3 or a = 1, c = 2.
19. (a)
real roots.
=0
(2k ) 2 4(1)(2k + 15) = 0
4k 2 8k 60 = 0
k 2 2k 15 = 0
16.
ax 2 + 2 x = c
ax + 2 x c = 0
2
2 2 4a ( c ) < 0
4 + 4ac < 0
ac < 1
(k + 3)(k 5) = 0
k +3= 0
or k 5 = 0
k = 3 or
k = 5
(b) For k = 3,
x 2 2( 3) x + 2( 3) + 15 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
( x + 3) 2 = 0
x +3= 0
x = 3
Level 2
For k = 5,
16
x 2 2(5) x + 2(5) + 15 = 0
(m 1) 2 0
x 2` 10 x + 25 = 0
(m 1) 2 + 1 > 0
( x 5) 2 = 0
x 5 = 0
x = 5
<0
20. (a)
4 (m 1) 2 + 1 < 0
roots.
= 0
(5k ) 2 4( 4)( k ) = 0
22. (a)
12 x 2 + 4 x + k = 1
12 x + 4 x + ( k 1) = 0
2
25k 2 16k = 0
k ( 25k 16) = 0
k = 0 or 25k 16 = 0
16
k=
25
k = 0 or
(b) For k = 0,
4 x 2 + 5(0) x + (0) = 0
4x2 = 0
x = 0
16
For k = 25 ,
16
16
4 x 2 + 5 x +
= 0
25
25
16
16
4x2 +
x+
= 0
5
25
2
25 x + 20 x + 4 = 0
(b) (i)
4
The range of possible values of k is k 3 .
12 x 2 + 4 x 1 = 0
12 x 2 + 4 x + 0 = 1
k = 0
4
(5 x + 2 ) 2 = 0
5x + 2 = 0
2
x =
5
36 x + 12 x + 1 = 0
1
12 x 2 + 4 x + = 0
3
4
12 x 2 + 4 x +
=1
3
2
(ii)
2
2
21. For the equation x 2( m + 1) x + ( 2m + 3) = 0 ,
4 2 4(12)( k 1) 0
16 48k + 48 0
64 48k 0
4
k
3
4
3
4
k =
= [ 2( m + 1)]2 4(1)( 2m 2 + 3)
= 4m 2 + 8m + 4 8m 2 12
= 4m 2 + 8m 8
= 4 ( m 2 2 m + 2 )
= 4[( m 1) 2 + 1]
Level 1
1.
(a)
two
(a)
two
(c)
are 2 and 5.
3.
x
(a)
y
4
5
3
0
2
3
1
4
0
3
1
0
2
5
5.
3
14
x
y
(a)
2
5
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
9
3
20
(b)
6.
(c)
(a)
x
y
0
9
1
4
2
1
3
0
4
1
5
4
6
9
4.
(a)
1
2
2
0
3
6
4
16
(b)
18
Level 2
9.
3
8
x
(a) y
2
2
1
2
0
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
4
8
7.
x-axis.
x2 = x + 4
(b)
b 4( 1)( c ) < 0
x x4 = 0
2
< 0
b 2 + 4c < 0
1
2
3
3 2 1 0
5 2 1 2 5 10 17
8.
distinct points.
>0
3 4( k )(k ) > 0
2
9 4k 2 > 0
9
k2 >
4
3
3
<k<
2
2
1
k = 1 or 2 or 1 (or any other reasonable answers)
19
(b) (i)
11.
1
9
x
(a) y
0
1
1
1
0
5
2
9
1
2
3
4
1.8 0.2 0.2 1.8
5
5
4 x (1 x ) = 1
(k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 = 0 is 2.5.
4x 4x + 1 = 0
2
0.5.
Level 1
12. The graph y = x2 2x k does not intersect the x-axis.
Therefore, the equation x2 2x k = 0 has no real roots.
< 0
13. (a)
1.
( 2) 2 4(1)( k ) < 0
4 + 4k < 0
k < 1
x + x 56 = 0
( x + 8)( x 7) = 0
2
x+8 = 0
or x 7 = 0
x = 8 (rejected) or
x = 7
x-axis.
Therefore, the equation (k + 1)x2 + 4x 5 = 0 has a
double real roots.
2.
=0
x 2 + ( x + 2) 2 = 202
42 4( k + 1)(5) = 0
16 + 20( k + 1) = 0
20k + 36 = 0
x 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 202
k=
2 x 2 + 4 x 198 = 0
x 2 + 2 x 99 = 0
( x + 11)( x 9) = 0
9
5
x + 11 = 0
or x 9 = 0
x = 11 (rejected) or
x = 9
20
150
x+
= 25
x
x 2 + 150 = 25 x
and 11.
3.
[ x + ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) 2 ] [ x 2 + ( x + 1) 2 + ( x + 2) 2 ] = 94
x 2 25 x + 150 = 0
( x 15)(( x 10) = 0
(3 x + 3) 2 [ x 2 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 + x 2 + 4 x + 4] = 94
9 x 2 + 18 x + 9 (3 x 2 + 6 x + 5) = 94
x 15 = 0 or
x = 15 or
6 x 2 + 12 x + 4 = 94
6 x 2 + 12 x 90 = 0
x 2 + 2 x 15 = 0
( x + 5)( x 3) = 0
Alternative Solution
50 2 x = ( 25 x ) cm
Let x cm be the length, then
2
4.
x+5=0
or x 3 = 0
x = 5 (rejected) or
x = 3
is the width.
x ( 25 x ) = 150
5.
x 2 4 x + 4 + x 2 32 x + 256 = x 2
x 2 36 x + 260 = 0
( x 26)( x 10) = 0
x 26 = 0 or
x = 26 or
7.
x + 2 x 48 = 0
( x + 8)( x 6) = 0
4 x 2 + 148 x 1032 = 0
x 2 + 37 x 258 = 0
( x + 43)( x 6) = 0
x6 = 0
x = 6
x + 43 = 0
or x 6 = 0
x = 43 (rejected) or
x = 6
6.
150
Let x cm be the length, then x cm is the width.
1 + 9x 2x2 = 5
8.
2x2 9x + 4 = 0
( 2 x 1)( x 4) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or
x = 0.5 or
21
x 10 = 0
x = 10
2 x 2 + 4 x 96 = 0
x+8 = 0
or
x = 8 (rejected) or
x 25 x + 150 = 0
( x 15)( x 10) = 0
respectively.
x 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 100
25 x x 2 = 150
2
x 15 = 0 or
x = 15 or
x 10 = 0
x = 10 (rejected )
x 10 = 0
x = 10
x4 = 0
x = 4
or x + 20 = 0
x 100 = 0
x = 20 (rejected)
x = 100 or
Level 2
9.
12. (a)
20 20
=1
x 1 x
20 x 20( x 1)
=1
x( x 1)
(b)
x x 20 = 0
( x 5)( x + 4) = 0
2
Base area
= ( 26 2 x )(16 2 x ) cm 2
= ( 4 x 2 84 x + 416) cm 2
4 x 2 84 x + 216 = 0
x 2 21x + 54 = 0
( x 18)( x 3) = 0
x 18 = 0
or x 3 = 0
x = 18 (rejected) or
x = 3
20 x 20 x + 20 = x 2 x
x 5 = 0 or
x = 5 or
4 x 2 84 x + 416 = 200
x+4 = 0
x = 4 (rejected)
= 200 x cm 3
= 200(3) cm 3
= 600 cm 3
13. (a)
75
75
=5
x 0.5 x
75 x 75( x 0.5)
=5
x( x 0.5)
(i)
= x ( x + 1) km
= ( x 2 + x ) km
75 x 75 x + 37.5 = 5 x 2 2.5 x
5 x 2.5 x 37.5 = 0
= ( x 1)( x 1) km
2 x x 15 = 0
( 2 x + 5)( x 3) = 0
= ( x 2 2 x + 1) km
2x + 5 = 0
or
11.
( x 2 + x) + ( x 2 2 x + 1) = 16
x 3 = 0
5
x = (rejected) or
2
x=3
300
original cost of one article is $ x .
x
300
15 300 = 25
4
x
15 x
7500
300 =
4
x
15 x 2 1200 x = 30 000
2 x 2 x + 1 = 16
(b)
14.
2 x 2 x 15 = 0
(2 x + 5)( x 3) = 0
2x + 5 = 0
or
x3= 0
x =
5
(rejected) or
2
x = 3
x 2 80 x 2000 = 0
( x 100)( x + 20) = 0
22
= 17
2
2
2
49 7 x
49 14 x
2x2
49
= 17
2
2
2
98 49 + 7 x 49 + 14 x 2 x 2 = 34
72
DC =
= 62 + 82 cm
= 10 cm
2 x 2 21x + 34 = 0
( 2 x 17)( x 2) = 0
2 x 17 = 0
or x 2 = 0
x = 2
x = 8.5 (rejected) or
15. (a)
EC 2 + DE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2
2
8x 2 x 1 2
=
cm
2
1
2
= 4 x x cm 2
2
Level 1
1.
6 x 2 + 11x 10 = 0
(3x 2)( 2 x + 5) = 0
3x 2 = 0 or 2 x + 5 = 0
2
5
x =
or
x =
3
2
(b) (i)
By (a),
1
= 76
2
8 x 2 2 x 1 = 152
12 x 2 3 = 35 x
4x2 x
2.
8 x 2 2 x 153 = 0
(ii)
8 x 2 2 x 153 = 0
( 4 x + 17)( 2 x 9) = 0
12 x 2 35 x 3 = 0
(12 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
12 x + 1 = 0
or
x3= 0
x =
1
or
12
x = 3
4 x + 17 = 0
or 2 x 9 = 0
17
9
x =
(rejected) or
x =
4
2
x = 4 or
x = 6
x + 4 = 0 or x 6 = 0
3.
EC = BC BE
= BC AD
9 9
= 3 1 + 2 cm
2 2
= (12.5 6.5) cm
= 6 cm
23
( x + 4)( x 6) = 0
x 2 2 x 24 = 0
The required equation is x2 2x 24 = 0.
1
3
or x =
3
2
3
1
x
= 0 or x
= 0
2
3
2 x 3 = 0 or 3x 1 = 0
x =
4.
( 2 x 3)( 3x 1) = 0
6 x 2 11x + 3 = 0
1
2
10. For 3x + 4 x + 1 = 0
2
5.
1
= 4( 3)(1)
4
193
=
16
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2
(3) (3) 2 4(4)(4)
2( 4)
3 73
8
3 + 73
3 73
=
or
8
8
= 1.44 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 0.69 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
> 0
6.
11.
x=
b b 2 4ac
2
(3) ( 3) 2 4(7)(5)
2(7 )
3 149
14
3 + 149
3 149
=
or
14
14
= 1.09 (cor. to 2 d.p.) or 0.66 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
For 2x2 5x + 1 = 0
>0
For x2 8x + 16 = 0
= ( 8) 2 4(1)(16)
= 0
9.
= 0
The equation x2 8x + 16 = 0 has a double real
root.
6 2 4(1)(k ) < 0
36 4k < 0
k >9
The range of possible values of k is k > 9.
The equation 3kx2 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
<0
14.
roots.
8.
3
8
= ( 5) 2 4( 2)(1)
= 17
(3) 2 4(k )( 6) = 0
9 + 24k = 0
k =
13.
( 4) 2 4(1)( 2k ) = 0
16 8k = 0
k = 2
The equation kx2 + 3x 6 = 0 has a double real
root.
= 0
12.
7.
1
x + 1 = 0 has two
4
The equation 3x 2 +
15. (a) x
y
1
8
0
3
1
0
2
1
3
0
4
3
4
.
9
5
8
For 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0
= (3) 2 4( 2)( 4)
= 23
< 0
The equation 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.
24
(b)
Alternative Solution
Let x cm be the length of the rectangle, then
88
cm is
x
88
x+
= 19
x
x 2 + 88 = 19 x
20.
27 x x 2 = 180
x 27 x + 180 = 0
( x 15)( x 12) = 0
x 15 = 0 or x 12 = 0
x = 15 or
x = 12
The two numbers are 12 and 15.
x 2 19 x + 88 = 0
( x 11)( x 8) = 0
x 11 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 11 or
x = 8
The length and width of the rectangle are 11 cm and 8 cm
respectively.
180
is the other
x
number.
180
= 27
x
2
x + 180 = 27 x
x 2 27 x + 180 = 0
( x 15)( x 12) = 0
x 15 = 0 or x 12 = 0
x = 15 or
x = 12
The two numbers are 12 and 15.
x+
x 19 x + 88 = 0
( x 11)( x 8) = 0
x 11 = 0 or x 8 = 0
x = 11 or
x = 8
2
25
4x 2 8x + 3 = 0
( 2 x 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
2 x 1 = 0 or 2 x 3 = 0
x = 0.5 or
x = 1.5
After 0.5 seconds and 1.5 seconds, the ball is 3 m
above the ground.
The equation x2 ax 40 = 0 has two distinct real
roots.
> 0
21.
Alternative Solution
8x 4 x 2 = 3
a 2 > 160
The square of any numbers is always positive.
The equation x2 ax 40 = 0 has two distinct real
roots for any real values of a.
a = 1 or 2 or 3 (or any other reasonable answers)
2
2 x 1 = m
3
22.
4
1
2
4 x x + m = 0
3
9
b 2 4ac
2a
4
3
4 4( 4) 1 m
3
9
2( 4)
4
16 m
= 3
8
To have two rational roots of different signs, we need
4
16 m >
3
16
16 m >
9
1
m >
9
23.
24.
( 4) 2 4ac = 0
16 4ac = 0
ac = 4
a = 2, c = 2 or a = 1, c = 4 or a = 2, c = 2.
(or any other reasonable answers)
2( x + 1)( x 1) = 5 x + 4
2( x 2 1) = 5 x + 4
2 x2 2 = 5x + 4
2 x2 5x = 6
5
x2 x = 3
2
2
x2
27.
5
5
5
x + = 3+
2
4
4
5
73
=
4
16
5
73
=
4
4
x=
5
73
4
4
5 + 73
4
or
5 73
4
(2 x + 3)( x 4) = 3x 2
2 x 2 5 x 12 = 3x 2
2 x 2 8 x = 10
Level 2
x2 4 x = 5
28.
x( x 6) + 4 = 0
x2 6x + 4 = 0
x 2 6 x = 4
2
25.
6
6
x 2 6 x + = 4 +
2
2
( x 3) 2 = 5
x3 = 5
x (6 x 5) = 4
x = 3 5
= 3+ 5
or
6x2 5x = 4
3 5
29.
16( x 2 + 4) = 64 x + 9
16 x 2 + 64 = 64 x + 9
16 x 2 4 x = 55
55
x2 4x =
16
2
26.
4
4
x2 4x + = 5 +
2
2
2
( x 2) = 9
x 2 = 3
x = 23
x = 5 or 1
6 x2 5x 4 = 0
(3 x 4)(2 x + 1) = 0
3x 4 = 0
4
x=
3
2x + 1 = 0
or
x =
1
2
2x
3
9( x 2 1) = 2 x
3( x 2 1) =
55 4
4
x2 4 x + = +
2
16
2
9
( x 2) 2 =
16
3
x2=
4
3
x = 2
4
11
5
=
or
4
4
or
30.
9x2 9 = 2x
9x 2x 9 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
2
26
x=
=
b b 2 4ac
2a
( 2) (2) 2 4(9)(9)
2(9)
3
(b) The roots of the required equation are 2 and
2
2(4), i.e. 3 and 8.
2 328
=
18
=
2 82
18
1 + 82
=
9
or
1 82
9
34. (a)
( 2 x + 1)(3 x 1) = 4( x 1)(2 x + 1)
2 x2 5x 3 = 0
(2 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
or x 3 = 0
x=
1
2
x=3
or
Alternative Solution
( 2 x + 1)(3 x 1) = 4( x 1)(2 x + 1)
( 2 x + 1)(3x 1) 4( x 1)(2 x + 1) = 0
( 2 x + 1)[(3 x 1) 4( x 1)] = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x + 3) = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
1
x=
2
or
x3 = 0
or
x=3
( x 1) 2 + 4( x 1) + 4 = 0
x 2x + 1 + 4x 4 + 4 = 0
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
32.
( x + 1) 2 = 0
x +1 = 0
x = 1
x 2 11x + 24 = 0
The required equation is x 2 11x + 24 = 0 .
3x 2 + 8 x 3 = 0
(3 x 1)( x + 3) = 0
2x 3 = 0
3
x=
2
27
x=
or
3x 2 8 x 3 = 0
The required equation is 3 x 2 8 x 3 = 0 .
or
x+
(k 5) 2 = 16
k 5 = 4
k = 5 4
=9
or
(b) For k = 9 ,
x 2 2(9 5) x + 16 = 0
x 2 8 x + 16 = 0
or
x4 = 0
or
x=4
1
3
x3 = 0
[ ( x 1) + 2] 2 = 0
2 x 2 11x + 12 = 0
(2 x 3)( x 4) = 0
x = 3
1
=0
3
x 3 = 0 or 3 x + 1 = 0
( x 3)(3 x 1) = 0
( x 1) 2 + 4( x 1) + 4 = 0
33. (a)
x+3= 0
or
x=3
Alternative Solution
( x + 1) 2 = 0
x +1 = 0
x = 1
or
1
1
(b) The roots of the required equation are 1 and
.
3
3
1
i.e. 3 and .
3
35. (a)
x = 3 or
x=8
x 3 = 0 or x 8 = 0
( x 3)( x 8) = 0
3x 1 = 0
1
x=
3
6 x2 + x 1 = 8x2 4x 4
31.
( x 4) 2 = 0
x4= 0
x=4
For k = 1 ,
1
x 2 2(1 5) x + 16 = 0
8 x 2 8 x + 15 = 0
15
=0
(ii) 4 x 2 4 x +
2
19
4x2 4x +
=2
2
19
>3
2
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 0
( x + 4) 2 = 0
x+4=0
x = 4
The equation x 2 3x ( k + 2) = 0 has real
roots.
0
36. (a)
38. (a)
( 3) 4(1)[( k + 2)] 0
9 + 4(k + 2) 0
4k + 17 0
2
y
17
4
(b)
10
(b)
17
.
4
17
.
4
17
x 2 3x
+ 2 = 0
4
9
2
x 3x + = 0
4
2
x = 0
2
3
x =0
2
3
x=
2
(c)
39. (a)
x
y
37. (a)
2
5
17
4
Minimum value of k is
(c)
3
16
2
10
1
3
4 x2 4 x + k = 2
4 x 2 4 x + (k 2) = 0
(b)
(b) (i)
( 4) 2 4( 4)(k 2) < 0
16 16( k 2) < 0
16k + 48 < 0
k >3
The range of possible values of k is k > 3.
(c)
4 x2 4 x 1 = 0
4x2 4x + 1 = 2
1<3
40. (a)
x
28
240 240
=
x
x + 15
240( x + 15 x)
=
x( x + 15)
5
(240)(15) =
4
4500 =
4
5
4
5
x( x + 15)
x 2 + 15 x
x + 15 x 4500 = 0
( x 60)( x + 75) = 0
2
(b) (i)
41.
=0
5 4(k )(k ) = 0
2
V
=4
V
V
+
x x+6
25 4k 2 = 0
(5 + 2k )(5 2k ) = 0
5 + 2k = 0
or 5 2k = 0
5
5
k=
or
k=
2
2
42.
x 60 = 0 or x + 75 = 0
x = 60 or
x = 75 (rejected)
1
1
V = 4V +
x x+6
x + 6+ x
1 = 4
x( x + 6)
x 2 + 6 x = 8 x + 24
x 2 x 24 = 0
( x 6)( x + 4) = 0
2
x6 =0
x=6
>0
( 3 )2 4( 2 )( k 1 ) > 0
9 8(k + 1 ) > 0
1 8k > 0
1
k<
8
The range of possible values of k is k <
x+4=0
x = 4 (rejected)
AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
1
.
8
( x + 3) 2 + (7 x 2) 2 = (6 x + 5) 2
45. (a)
x 2 + 6 x + 9 + 49 x 2 28 x + 4 = 36 x 2 + 60 x + 25
(b)
29
or
or
14 x 2 82 x 12 = 0
7 x 2 41x 6 = 0
7 x 2 41x 6 = 0
(7 x + 1)( x 6) = 0
7x + 1 = 0
or
1
x = (rejected) or
7
x6 = 0
x=6
1
AC BC
2
(6 + 3) (7 6 2)
=
cm 2
Area of ABC
2
9 40
=
cm 2
2
= 180 cm 2
=
46. (a)
Perimeter of ABC
= AB + BC + AC
= [(6 6 + 5) + (7 6 2) + (6 + 3)] cm
= ( 41 + 40 + 9) cm
= 90 cm
43
= (5 x 2)(3 x + 1)
8 cm 2
2
= (15 x 2 x 2 48) cm 2
= (15 x 2 x 50) cm 2
15 x 2 x 50 = 186
(b) (i)
(ii)
15 x 2 x 236 = 0
15 x 2 x 236 = 0
(15 x + 59)( x 4) = 0
15 x + 59 = 0
or x 4 = 0
59
x=
(rejected) or
x=4
15
JK = BC BJ KC
= [(3 4 + 1) 4 4] cm
= 5 cm
GH = AB AG HB
= [(5 4 2) 3 3] cm
= 12 cm
4.
x = 5 or
x=2
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
( x + 5)( x 2) = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
The required equation is y = x 2 + 3x 10 .
Answer: D
For x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 ,
= 22 4(1)(3)
= 8
<0
The equation x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
( 4) 2 4(1)(c) = 0
16 4c = 0
c=4
6. Answer: A
The equation x 2 + ( k + 8) x + 8k = 0 has a double
root.
=0
(k + 8) 4(1)(8k ) = 0
2
k 2 + 16k + 64 32k = 0
k 2 16k + 64 = 0
(k 8) 2 = 0
k 8 = 0
k =8
Answer: C
2x2 x 6 = 0
( 2 x + 3)( x 2) = 0
2x + 3 = 0
or x 2 = 0
x=
3
or
2
x=2
2. Answer: B
16 x 2 + 8 x + 1
= ( 4 x + 1) 2
3.
Answer: D
The x-intercepts of the graph are 5 and 2.
The roots of the graph are 5 and 2.
7. Answer: A
The equation x 2 8 x + p = 0 has no real roots.
<0
( 8) 2 4(1)( p ) < 0
64 4 p < 0
p > 16
The range of possible values of p is p > 16.
8. Answer: D
( x 2)( x 4) = ( x 2)
( x 2)( x 4) ( x 2) = 0
( x 2)[( x 4) 1] = 0
( x 2)( x 5) = 0
30
9. Answer: B
is a root of 2 x 2 + 3 x 5 = 0 .
2 + 3 5 = 0
4 + 6 5 = 2(2 + 3 5) + 5
= 2(0) + 5
.
=5
2
10. Answer: A
The graph y = x 2 8 x + c has two x-intercepts.
( 8) 2 4(1)(c) > 0
64 4c > 0
c < 16
2
2
5 1
4
3
3
2 4
x=
5
2
2
2
53
3
18
=
5
=
2
106
15
30
4 + 106
30
f ( x) + kg ( x) = 0
30 x 2 8 x 3 = 0
Using the quadratic formula,
k 2 8k + 16 656 + 32k = 0
k 2 + 24k 640 = 0
(k 16)(k + 40) = 0
k 16 = 0
or k + 40 = 0
k = 16
d = 40
or
Lets Discuss
p. 20
Angels method:
5 2 2x 1
x
=
2
3
4
5 2 2x 1
x
=0
2
3 4
Using the quadratic formula,
31
k = 40
( 8) (8) 2 4(30)(3)
2(30)
8 424
60
8 2 106
60
4 106
30
4 + 106
30
41x 2 4 x + 4 + k ( 2 x 2 + x) = 0
( 41 2k ) x 2 ( 4 k ) x + 4 = 0
The equation f ( x ) + kg ( x) = 0 has a single root.
=0
4 106
30
Kens method:
5 2 2x 1
x
=
2
3
4
30 x 2 8 x = 3
x=
or
or
4 106
30
32