Badminton in the 1930's After its birth in India by British officers in the 1860's, its progressive codification in Great

Britain, the foundation of the All-England Championships, its spread to other continent and its interruption by the outbreak of the First World War (most of these events will be later presented in this site), the game of Badminton booms in the United States of America and Canada during the 20's and the 30's. In Canada, the Canadian Badminton Association is created in December 1921. This Association is the fulfillment following a soar in the games popularity that has already overseen the Ladies Montreal Tennis and Badminton Club in 1907 as well as the first open tournament in 1914. At the instigation of the CBA president Colonel McKee, the first Canadian National Championships hold the following year in Montreal. In 1925 the CBA invites a powerful English team to promote the sport further. Led by Sir George A. Thomas, the team includes Frank Devlin, Jones, Hawthorn, Martin and Swinden. The tour lasts three weeks from coast to coast with the exhibitions revealing the significant gap existing between the two nations. Five years later, a second tour is organised again with Sir George A. Thomas as captain. A match is held at the Granite Club in Toronto with England winning 7-2. The best Canadian player, Jack Purcell defeats Donald Hume. In 1931, Jack Purcell participates in the AEC confirming the growing international dimension to both the English tournament and the game of Badminton. Holder of the Canadian Championships in 1927, from the town of Toronto, Purcell the cat reaches the semi-finals only to be beaten by T.P. Dick. Canadas first taste of glory in the championships is in 1939 with Mrs Dorothy Waltons victory in the AEC ladies singles. New York is the starting point for the history of Badminton in the USA. In 1878 the New Yorkers, Bayard Clarke and E. Langdon, return from India and England respectively. They had discovered the new game of Badminton. Along with one of their friends, Oakley Rhinelander, they decide to create the New York Badminton Club. Initially perceived as a social pastime, regular matches are nevertheless played at the New York and Boston clubs, the latter being created in 1908.From the 1920s, Badminton spreads throughout the country. American Badminton rapidly seeks contacts with other nations. In 1924, the honorary secretary of the Boston Club, Dr. Cannes, goes to Canada to sell the idea of an international match based on the already-famous Davis Cup Tennis tournament. But this initiative would only be fully realised 30 years later with the creation of the Thomas Cup. In 1925, the English team finishes its North America tour in New York. The games blossoming in the USA is also a result of exhibitions by the professional George Jess Willard, particularly appreciated by the Hollywood community. In 1935 in Seattle, Jess Willard plays Jack Purcell in front of 3,000 spectators. The latter wins in 3 sets. Jess Willard and Bill Hurley subsequently would travel through America for three months performing exhibitions in front of a million people and thus rendering inevitable the creation of a real national association.Ken Davidson, a brilliant Scottish player, settles down in New York in November 1935 and also contributes to the promotion of

Badminton with his own unique and amusing style. On the 28 June, 1936, the American Badminton Association is formed and the first national championships would be held in Chicago the following year. In the 1939 open, a young 18 year-old player takes the game by storm. David Freeman from Pasadena surprises observers by defeating the defending champion Walter Kramer. His supremacy lasts a decade, albeit interrupted by the Second World War, and culminates with the AEC mens singles title in 1949. The history of badminton can be traced back many to the games of battledore and shuttlecock which were played in ancient Greece over 2000 years ago. The game we all know as badminton began in the 19th century (1870) and was named by the Duke of Beaufort after Badminton House in Gloucestershire1. The International Badminton Federation now has its basein Gloucestershire. In England there had long been a children's game known as "battledore and shuttlecock". Players used a paddle, called a battledore, to keep a cork stuffed with feathers, called a shuttlecock, in the air for as long as possible. This game had been popular since medieval times. The modern version had migrated somehow to Indiaand then back again. England played the same badminton rules as India until 1887. The Bath Badminton Club standardized the rules and regulations, making the game more inclined towards the English ideas of how the game should be played. The Badminton Association of England published the first set of rules in line with the new regulations in 1893 and officially launched the game of Badminton. The All England Open Badminton Championships began in 1899 and were the world's first badminton competition. In 1934 the International Badminton Federation (IBF), which now known as the Badminton World Federation, was established. England, France, Canada,Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were the first members. In 1936 India joined as an affiliate. Globally the Badminton World Federation (BWF) governs and promotes the sport. The history of badminton in the United States began with the first Badminton club, the Badminton Club of New York, founded in 1878. The game flourished in the 1930s when places such as the YMCA and educational institutions began offering badminton instruction. Badminton became a popular pastime for many Hollywood stars including James Cagney, Bette Davis, Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks, which also helped to promote the sport in the 1930s. The different badminton groups throughout the Untied States got together to standardize the rules and regulations of the game in 1936. 1937 saw the first ABA championships and a year later it became a member of the International Badminton Federation. The United States singles player, David Freeman, won the All England World Championships in 1949, while the All England World Championship doubles

were won the same year by the American players Clinton and Patsy Stevens, although the All-England Championships were considered the unofficial world championships until 1977. Between 1949 and 1967 the United States won 23 world championships and much acclaimed success in world rankings. Although the history of badminton originated in England this international sport has been largely dominated by Asian countries and Denmark over the last few decades. Countries including South Korea, Malaysia, China and Indonesia have all produced world class players. China is currently the strongest badminton country, winning many major championships consistently over the last few years.

Rules of Banminton
Toss

The winner of the toss can elect to serve or receive in the first game, or to choose to play at a particular end of the court. The loser of the toss makes the remaining choice.

Basic Aim

You win a rally if you hit the shuttle over the net and onto the floor of the opposing side's court. You lose the rally if you hit the shuttle into the net, or over the net but outside of the opposing side's court. You also lose the rally if, for example, the shuttle touches you or your clothing, or if you hit it before it crosses the net.

Serving

The service courts are slightly different for singles and doubles. A shuttle on the line is "in". The server and receiver stand in the diagonally opposite service courts (always right hand at the start of the game) but after the serve players may move anywhere on their side of the net. The server must obey laws designed to force underhand delivery of the serve, and the receiver must stand still until the service is struck.

Scoring

Matches comprise of the best of three games. Each game starts at 0-0 (called "love-all"). If the serving side wins a rally, it scores a point, and serves again but from the alternate service court. If the receiving side wins the rally, the score remains unchanged and the service passes to the next player in turn. In singles,

this is the opponent: in double it's either the partner or, if both players have just had a turn of serving, one of the opponents. In men's singles and doubles events, 15 points wins a game. However, if the score reaches 14-14, the side which first reached 14 can choose either to play to 15, or to set the game to 17 points. The final score will reflect the sum of the points won before setting plus the points gained in setting. Scoring in women's singles is slightly different - 11 points wins a game and there is the option to set to 13 points at 10-10.

Breaks

Players change ends at the end of a game and when the leading score reaches 8 in a game of 15 points (or 6 in a game of 11 points) in the third game. A five minute interval is allowed prior to any third game.

The rules of badminton are internationally accepted and have been adopted by countries world wide. Players score points whenever they win a rally and each game is played up to 15 points. A badminton match is played as the best of three games. The match begins with a coin being tossed and whoever wins the toss has the choice to serve or receive or chooses which end of the court on which to play. Serving the Shuttlecock The server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts at the beginning of each rally. The server has to hit the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court. All serves must be hit underhand from below waist height and the shuttlecock must not touch the ground.

In singles matches the server stands in his or her right service court when he or she has an even score and the left service court if he or she has an uneven score. Both the server and receiver must keep within their service court without touching the boundaries until the shuttlecock has been hit. In doubles the other two players are allowed to stand anywhere on the court as long as they do not impede either the server or receiver's sight-line. When doubles is played, if the serving side wins a rally then the same player carries on serving, but changes service courts so that a different opponent receives the serve each time. Once the serving side looses a rally the serveautomatically passes to the opponent. There is no second serve permitted within the new rules. Service courts are determined from which positions the players were in at the start of the previous rally. This system is played so that each time a side regains service a different player serves It is not permissible for the same person to serve each time. The rules of badminton state that the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opponent's court each serve otherwise it is a fault. Rallies are won by the shuttlecock landing on the floor within the boundaries of the opponent's court. Rallies can also be won if the opponent commits a fault, the most common fault being the failure to return the shuttlecock over the net and within the boundaries. Faults can also be called for incorrect serves; the shuttlecock must be hit below waist height and the racquet head must face downwards as the shuttlecock is hit (ensuring an arching serve). Neither the server nor the receiver can lift a foot until the shuttlecock has been hit. The server must also begin the service stroke by hitting the base, cork, of the shuttlecock, although it is permissible to hit the feathers afterwards as part of the same stroke.

The Volley or the Rallies The shuttlecock may only be hit once before it passes over the net during a single stroke. Players may contact the shuttlecock twice, as in some slice shots. If the shuttlecock hits the ceiling it is a fault there are no lets called if the shuttlecock hits the tape of the net. The court dimensions are 44 feet long x 17 feet wide for singles, and 44 feet long x 20 feet wide for doubles. The top of the net should be five feet from the floor in the center, and five feet plus one inch on the sides1. Neither the racquet nor the body may touch the net during play. The shuttlecock or birdie may touch the net. If it should pass over the net, playcontinues. However, if the birdie should hit the net and then pass over the net on the serve, it is called a "let serve" and must be done again. A player is not allowed to reach over the plane of the net with either his body or the racquet. In total, there are five types of badminton: Mens singles Womens singles Mens doubles Womens doubles Mixed doubles (each team is a man and a woman) Mens doubles and womens doubles are also called level doubles. These are the only types of badminton played in serious tournaments. In casual play, however, women sometimes play against men (e.g. two women against two men).

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