Sie sind auf Seite 1von 16

ABB Group

October 7, 2011 | Slide 1


HVDC Basics
History and Introduction
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 2
Program
1 History and introduction
2 Basic Theory and HVDC configurations
3 AC/DC Conversion Principles
4 Thyristor Valve, Converter Transformer
5 Control System and Active Power
6 Harmonics, Filtering and Reactive Power
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 3
History and Introduction
First commercial HVDC
transmission in 1954
(100 kV, 20 MW)
Cable length: 100 km
ABB the HVDC pioneer
1954 - First commercial HVDC link with mercury-arc valves
1970 - First thyristor valves for HVDC
1980 - The highest power, Itaipu 6.300 MW
1994 - The longest submarine cable, Baltic Cable HVDC Project, 250 km
1997 - First commercial HVDC Light installation
HVDC characteristics
Why use HVDC instead of AC?
DC decreases total cost for long distance power
transmission with overhead lines
Cables.
DC enables connection between asynchronous AC
networks.
Gives fast and accurate control of the power flow.
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 5
Generator
HVDC transmission system
Load
Characteristics of HVDC transmission
Controllable - power injected where needed
Higher power, fewer lines
Two circuits on less expensive line
No EMF constraints
Low losses
Practically independently of
- The frequency at the busses
- The power transmission angle
- The voltage magnitudes at the
busses
DC Transmission Line Corridor
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 7
400 MW AC
2000 MW DC
Transmission line corridor
AC transmission line require large corridors DC line transmitting as much power
requires fewer towers
HVDC conserves forests and saves land HVDC cables
Lower investment
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 9
AC Terminal costs
A
C

L
i
n
e

C
o
s
t

w
i
t
h

S
e
r
i
e
s

C
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
Total AC cost Investment Costs
Distance
DC terminal
Costs
D
C

L
i
n
e

C
o
s
t
Total DC Cost
Variables
-Cost of Land
- Cost of Materials
- Cost of Labour
- Time to Market
- Permits
etc.
Critical Distance
AC
DC
Lower losses
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 10
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 11
Lower losses explained
~
AC
Load
Generator
L L L L R R R R
C C C
Inductors (L) counteract changes of the line current Inductive losses
Capacitors (C) counteract changes of the line voltage Capacitive losses
Current and voltage changes polarity 50 or 60 times per second !
Resistors cause resistive losses and can not be avoided
DC =
Direct Current flows without any changes in Current and Voltage
thereby eliminating the Reactive Losses
The ideal world Reality Transmission line equivalent, simplified
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 12
AC
Charging current consumes capacity,
e.g. a 40 km, 230 kV, a.c. cable has a
charging current of 450 A (179 Mvar)
Require shunt reactors due to reactive
power generation
Distance limited to about 50 - 100 km
Three cables or three core cable
DC
No physical distance limitation
No charging current All cable capacity
available for power transfer
Two cables or dual core cable
Comparison of cable characteristics
HVAC vs. HVDC
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 13
Maximum loadability for cable transmissions
HVAC vs. HVDC
Cable transfer capability vs. distance
(1200 A rating)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 50 100 150
Distance (km)
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r

c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
M
W
)
230 kV
345 kV
500 kV
320 kV DC
150 kV DC
Interconnection HVAC vs. HVDC
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 14
HVDC
U
1
sin(o
1
) U
2
sin(o
2
)
DC DC
I U P =
N DC
I I < < 0
U
1
sin(o
1
) U
2
sin(o
2
)
X (~ distance)
) sin(
2 1
2 1
o o

=
X
U U
P
< 30
2 1
o o (to maintain transient stability)
HVAC
Power flow independent from system
angles and distance
Interconnection of power systems
Why use HVDC for interconnections?
Exact power flow control
Interconnected systems maintain their autonomy
Disturbances in one system are not propagated to the other
Efficient use of generating capacity
Cable transmission
Stability control
No increase of short circuit currents
Less environmental impact
Low losses for long distance transmissions
Lower investment
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 15
ABB Group
October 7, 2011 | Slide 16

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen