ACKNOLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to do this project work.Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise, which is the most needed for this project. Internet, books,computers and all that. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it.Then I would like to thank my teacher, Madam Ramlah binti Sarian for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work.Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task done.

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2012 NIKMAL Page 4 INTRODUCTION History of statistic By the 18th century, the term " statistics " designatedthesystematiccollectionof demographicandeconomicdata by states. In the early19thcentury,the meaning of " statistics " broadened, then including the discipline concerned withthe collection, summary, andanalysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed ingovernment, business, and all thesciences. Electroniccomputershave expeditedstatisticalcomputation,and have allowedstatisticians to develop " cmurtne o pt-es ei n iv " methods.The term"mathematical statistics" designates the mathematical theoriesof probabilityandstatisticalinference,which are used instatistical practice.The relation between statistics and probability theory developed rather late, however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly usedprobability theory,whose initial results were found in the17thand18thcenturies, particularly in the analysis of games of chance(gambling). By 1800, astronomyused probability models and statistical theories, particularly themethod of least squares,whichwasinvented byLegendreandGauss.Early probability theory and statistics was systematizedandextended byLaplace;following Laplace, probability and statistics have been incontinualdevelopment. In the 19th century, social scientists used statistical reasoning and probabilitymodels to advance the new sciences of experimental psychologyandsociology; physicalscientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the newsciencesof thermodynamicsandstatistical mechanics.The development of statistical reasoningwasclosely associated with the development of inductive logicand the scientific method. Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomousmathematical science, likecomputer scienceor operations research.Unlike mathematics,

statistics had its originsinpublicadministrationand maintains a special concern withdemographyandeconomics. Beingconcerned with thescientific methodandinductive logic,statistical theory has closeassociationwith the philosophy of science;with its emphasis on learning from data andmaking best predictions, statistics has great overlap with thedecisionscienceandmicroeconomics.With itsconcerns withdata,statistics has overlap withinformationscienceandcomputer science. Statistics today During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments for agriculturalresearch,publichealthconcerns ( eie ilg ,biostatistics , etc. pmoy do ), industrialquality control,and economicand social purposes( ue py et ,econometry,etc n lmn mo r ate .) necessitated substantialadvances in statistical practices.Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its origins. Individualsandorganizations use statistics to understand data and make informed decisions throughoutthenatural and social sciences, medicine, business, and other areas. Statistics is generally regarded not as a subfield of mathematics but rather as a distinct albeit allied,field. Manyuniversitiesmaintain separate mathematics and statistics departments .

STATISTICS

is also taught in departments as diverseas psychology,education,andpublic health. Recently, the Malaysian government has launched a campaign of 10 000 steps a day tocreateawareness to the public lifestyle. At the school level, all students are required to sitfor theSEGAK test to determine the fitness level of students based on a few physical test.Among theelements of the test is taking the pulse rate of each students

Before 72 74 75 71 69

After 121 130 132 144 133

63 76 81 73 76 89 79 69 71 65 74

121 109 146 134 121 155 148 139 127 119 138