ANIMALS OF THE DESERT Animals of the deserts have developed special bodies and ways of life that enable

them to survive in extreme heat. Many desert dwellers have light coloured skin which helps to keep them cool by reflecting sunlight. These animals include desert foxes, jack rabbits, and various kinds of snakes. Desert foxes have long ears. When overheated, these animals move to a cool cave or burrow where they can get rid of excess body heat through their ears. Centipedes, kangaroo rats, rattle snakes and scorpions spend the day in burrows, they come out to search for food when temperatures drop at night. Some snails, lizards, and ground squirrels aestivate or sleep through the summer. Somme animals have developed more unusual ways to cope with the desert climate; for example the cape ground squirrel makes its own shade using its bushy tail like a parasol. Fairy shrimps and spotted toads spend months or years underground waiting for rain to create ponds they may then quickly feed and reproduce before the ponds dry again. All animals of the desert must drink water which is often in short supply. They obtain water from plants, small ponds and from the animals they eat. Activity 1: write in the grid the translation of the following animals (artmia , cargol, centpeus, escorp, esquirol de terra, guineu del desert, gripau, llangardaix, llebre del desert, rata cangur, serp, serp de cascavell) Centipede Desert fox Fairy shrimp Ground squirrel Jack rabbit Kangaroo rat Lizard Rattle snakes Scorpion Snail Snake Toad

Activity 2: in the following grid, write the name of each animal in English

DESERTS Life is a constant struggle for survival in desert areas which exist on every continent but Antarctica. Most deserts receive less than five inches of rain annually. In fact the Atacama Desert in Chile goes for years with no rain at all. Some deserts like the Sahara of North Africa and the Mohave Desert of the United States are hot all the year round. Others, such as the Gobi desert in Asia are cold in winter. To cope up with almost constant drought plants are small and have water conserving leaves and cacti in American deserts store water in their stems. To prevent overheating, desert snakes and lizards conserve water.

Activity 1: let us understand it. Answer the following test. What does but Antarctica mean? a) It is found only in the Antarctic continent. b) It is found everywhere including the Antarctic continent. c) It is found everywhere except the Antarctic continent. What does with no rain at all mean? a) It rains in very small amounts b) It doesnt rain a single drop c) It rain from time to time What does all year round mean? a) The whole year b) Only during one year c) From time to time in periods of a year What does to cope up with mean? a) To manage b) To understand c) To look

Activity 2: write a full sentence taking one element from each column Atacama Desert Cacti Desert areas Plants Some deserts cold in winter hot all the year round. less than five inches of rain annually. on every continent but Antarctica. small and have water conserving leaves water in their stems. years with no rain at all.

are exist goes for receive store

Freshwater life Name and surname:

How do we call it?

Whats the name of this animal?

Whats the name of these organisms?

Whats the name of it?

How is called this flower?

Whats that?

Which kind of animal is it?

Freshwater life

Most of the ponds, lakes and rivers on the continents contain fresh water which is less salty than ocean water. Plants and animals that are adapted to this low salt content would not survive in the ocean. Pond and lake animals include a variety of fishes, as well as insects, frogs, turtles, ducks and birds. Vegetation includes algae along with rooted and floating plants such as waters lilies and cattails. In rivers however, vegetation is often swept away by swift flowing water, as a result, animals in rivers tend to feed on insects, dead plants and animals that fall into the water from the banks. River animals are also adapted to survive currents. Tadpoles for example, may use suckers to attach themselves to the rocks and streamlined bodies make trout and salmon powerful swimmers.

Activity 1: write the name of the following organisms

Activity 2: translate the names of the following organisms into Catalan and Spanish. English Bird Cattail Duck Fish Frog Insect Lake Lily (water lily) Pond River Stream Tadpole Turtle Catal Castellano

Activity 3: answer the following questions: Which is the difference between ocean water and continental water?

What would happen to a fish of a lake if we put it into the sea?

Which animals mentioned in the text are vertebrates and which are invertebrates? vertebrates invertebrates

LIFE IN THE OCEANS From the smallest creatures in the world to the largest, animals are also and live in the vast oceans. Some of the tiniest creatures called plankton are also among the most important to life in the ocean. Plankton includes shrimp like creatures, known as krill and copepods. They commonly live in the open sea and provide food for many other sea animals, including many fish and even some whales. The frigid waters of the polar seas contain such animals such as cod, halibut, seals and whales. Many animals thrive in the coral reefs of warm tropical seas, including lobsters and many types of brightly coloured fish. Various ocean animals can live in shallow water near the shore, in tidal pools and on rocks; they include anemones, barnacles, mussels, octopuses and starfish. The great depths of the ocean are completely dark and the water there are bitterly cold; even so, animals such as anglerfish, clams and tube worms live in these harsh environments.

Animals such as flying fish, manta rays, marlins and porpoises, generally stay close to the ocean surface. Just above these animals, albatrosses, gulls and petrels fly over the sea. Many marine animals are at the mercy of human activity. The demand for seafood has led to overfishing of halibut, herring, salmon and some other sea creatures. Millions of dolphins have drawn in fishing nets that were intended to catch cod, tuna and other fish. In addition, spills of toxic material and other forms of pollution have reduced the numbers of some ocean species. Activity 1: Do you remember the animals mentioned in the video? Look at the power point animals names and then, write the names of the following animals.

Activity 2: write the translation of the names of the following animals or structures.
ENGLISH anglerfish barnacles clams cod coloured fish. coral reefs dolphins flying fishes gull herring lobster manta ray marlin mussels octopus porpoises seals starfish tuna whale worms percebes petxines bacall peixos de colors esculls corallins dofins peixos voladors gavina areng llagosta manta peix espasa musclos pop marsopes foques estrella de mar tonyina balena cucs percebes conchas bacalao peces de colores arrecife de coral delfines peces voladores gaviota arenque langosta raya manta pez espada mejillones pulpo marsopas focas estrella de mar atn ballena gusanos CATALAN SPANISH

LIFE IN POLAR REGIONS

However the seas in the arctic and the Antarctic have large numbers of wild life including fish, giant sponges, whales and tiny shrimplike creatures called krill. Krill provide food for many other sea animals including numerous fish and some whales. Various animals live on the coasts of polar seas, polar bears, sea lions and walruses spend much of their time on floating sheets o ice in the arctic. Penguins and seals live on the Antarctic coast. Many animals inhabit the vast arctic tundra, the cold treeless planes of northern Asia, North America and Europe. They include caribous, ermines, musk oxen, reindeer, lemmings, snowy owls and wolves.

Shallow ponds in this region provide a place for mosquitoes and many other insects to lay their eggs. These insects serve as food of birds that migrate to the tundra each summer to nest. Animals that live in Polar Regions have developed bodies and ways of life that enable them to deal with the frigid polar weather. Caribou, musk oxen and polar bears have thick fur which helps them stay warm. The arctic fox and arctic hare have short ears and tails which keep them from losing too much body heat. Arctic ground squirrels hibernate or sleep through the long polar winter they curl up on a burrow and their body temperature drops saving energy during their sleep. Activity 1.- Look at the power-point presentation, and then write the names of the following animals

Activity 2.- The first three animals have many things in common and sometimes are confused. Read the following text and then do the exercise of the marine mammal center.
. Suborder Pinnipedia are "flipper-footed" marine mammals. Pinnipeds can safely come out on land to rest, breed, and give birth, and are comprised of three families: 1. Family Otariidae: Sea lions and fur seals have visible external ears and can "walk" on all four flippers by rotating their rear flippers forward. They are more mobile on land than true seals, and are often seen in circuses and aquariums. Their swimming power comes from their large front flippers. In California, this family includes California sea lions, Steller sea lions, northern fur seals, and Guadalupe fur seals. 2. Family Phocidae: True seals have no external ears and crawl on land because their front flippers are small and their hind flippers cannot rotate forward. Their swimming power comes from their large, almost fan-like rear flippers. In California, this family includes harbor seals and northern elephant seals. 3. Family Odobenidae: Walruses are distinctive for their two long tusks. Walruses inhabit the Arctic seas and ice floes. They have no external ears, but can rotate their hind flippers and "walk" on land. They are set apart from other pinnipeds not only by their tusks, but also by the presence of two large air pouches, or sacs, extending from each side the pharynx (in the neck). These pouches can be inflated to hold the head above water when sleeping, or used as resonance chambers to enhance underwater sound.

Taken from www.marinemammlcenter.org

Activity 3.- youve seen the power point presentation about adaptations to polar regions. a) Of which adaptation it deals about?

b) Do you know other adapations to cold weather ? do a short explanation of it.

Activity 4.- look at the powerpoint about animals names and then try to remember them. ENGLISH arctic fox Arctic ground squirrel arctic hare Arctic partridge Caribou / reindeer Ermine giant sponges Lemming mosquito musk ox Penguins polar bears sea lions Seals snowy owl walrus THE TAIGA FOREST Boreal forests encircle the earth across North America from Alaska to Labrador, and across Eurasia from Sweden to northern China, Korea and Japan. Boreal means northern. The boreal forest is also known by its Russian name taiga. Few people live in boreal forest because of their harsh climate; short warm summers, hot in some places, and long severely cold winters. Only a few species of trees such as pine, fir and spruce can survive such a climate. Some forest animals such as squirrels, chipmunks and bears cope with the icy winters by hibernating. Moose, elk and reindeer must search for tender mosses and lichens by scraping through the snow. Wolves and lynxes compete for the few small animals that continue to move. CATALAN Guineu rtica Esquirol de terra Llebre rtica Perdiu blanca Carib / ren ermini Esponges gegants lmming Mosquits Bou mesquer Pingins s polar Lleons marins foca Mussol de les neus morsa SPANISH Zorro rtico Ardilla terrestre Liebre rtica Perdiz blanca Carib / reno armio Esponjas gigantes Lemming Mosquitos Buey almizclero Pinginos Oso polar Leones marinos Foca bho nival Morsa

Activity 1: Not always British English and American English use the same words. Here there is an example:
AMERICAN BRITISH

Animal A

moose

elk

Animal B

Elk = wapiti

deer

Find the translation of the names of these animals: CATALAN Animal A Animal B Activity 2: after looking at the power point, write the translation of the following animals: ENGLISH bear birds chipmunk elk = wapiti = deer lynx moose = elk reindeer squirrel s ocells esquirol llistat crvol linx ant ren esquirol CATALAN oso pjaros ardilla listada ciervo lince alce reno ardilla SPANISH SPANISH

wolf

llop

lobo

Activity 3:

Carnivorous: flesh eating. Herbivorous: feeding on plants. Omnivorous: eating both animal and plant foods.

Taking into account the previous definitions, match the words to write 6 sentences. Bear / Bears Chipmunk / Chipmunks Lynx / Lynxes Elk / Elks Moose / Moose Reindeer / Reindeers Squirrel / Squirrels Wolf / Wolves is are animal / animals organism / organisms

LIFE IN THE TEMPERATE FORESTS Temperate forests have warm summers and cold winters. Most of these forests occur in Asia, Europe, Australia and North America. Many animals in temperate forests have small bodies that allow them to move easily through the underbrush. These include mammals such as chipmunks, mice, racoons, squirrels. Larger forests animals include bears, deer and wild boar. In wet forests slugs and other snails are common; beavers, fish, frogs, muskrats, otters, salamanders and turtles live in or on near woodland streams, ponds and lakes. Salamanders are often plentiful they hide in the leaf litters and under rocks where they feed on insects and other small organisms. A great number of birds also find their home in the temperate forests; they nest in the trees and trunks. The destruction of temperate forests, threatens the survival of temperate forests animals. Many temperate forests have been cleared for farms and cities while many others have been cut down for fuel and lumber. Extensive lugging in the pacific northwest of United States for example, has destroyed much of the habitat of the spotted owl threatening the continue of existence of this animal Activity 1: look at the power point presentation and try to learn the names of the animals Activity 2: write the names of the following animals.

Activity 3: do you know something about beavers? Well, lets see how much you know about their lives:

Where do they live? ......................................................................................................... ..

What do they eat? ..............................................................................................................

How is their home? ...........................................................................................................

Do they hibernate? .............................................................................................................

Now look at the video and discover if you answered the questions right. TROPICAL RAINFOREST SLIDE SHOW

Large tropical rainforest grow around the world in lands near the equator, in central and South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australia and some islands of the pacific. The rain forests flourish in warm areas that have year-round rainfall as much as 80 to 160 inches of rain a year. Each acre of rainforest has more vegetation than an acre on anywhere else on earth. Tall trees create a leafy green canopy above. Smaller trees, shrubs and ferns fill on the spaces bellow. Dangling wines encircle the trees and shrubs. Millions of species of insects thrive in the rainforest. Slots, monkeys, parrots and snakes live in the trees. A few large mammals hunt on the forest floor below. The ant eater in central and south America, the hippopotamus in Africa and the tiger in southern Asia

People count in the rainforest to provide timber. Coral Reef Ecosystem Coral reefs are usually found in tropical waters near the surface because the coral needs energy from the sun to survive. The plants and algae there, convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. As fish and other creatures eat the algae and each other, energy is passed on through the food chain. The reef could not exist without coral. Each small circle of coral or polyp is made up of many coral organisms. The brown spots here are plant cells; they live inside the coral organisms. The plant cells collect energy from the sun through photosynthesis. This provides oxygen and sugar for the coral organisms to feed on. As the organisms grow, the polyp forms a compartment of calcium carbonate mineral. The polyps each live in their individual compartments like neighbours in an apartment building. Each polyp has a mouth surrounded by stinging tentacles. During the day the corals algae cells photosynthesise, but at night the polyps extend their tentacles to feed on plankton, tiny organisms that drift in the water. Meet another creature that feeds on plankton, the spiny leny watches for plankton that may drift close enough to be snatched and eaten. When this parrot fish takes a large bite of coral rock, it is actually to feed on the polyps. The fish is able to extract the living coral by chewing it up with its extra set of internal jaws. Parrot fish creates much of the sand at bottom of the reef. The sea cucumber eats the sand and collects algae and organic debris from it. Creatures like the sea cucumber make sure that the reefs floor stays clean. The ruffle sea slug like the coral organism, has a double diet, it both eats plants and get energy from the sun. The ruffles on its back act as a solar collector. Theyre filled with chloroplasts; the organelles that also carry out the photosynthesis in plant cells. The slug spends less time looking for food because it can get energy from the sun in the daytime. Were not for the plant eaters or herbivores, the reef might be overgrown with algae. The long spine sea urchin helps keep the algae in check. By day, it stays close to the coral. Its mouth is conveniently located on its underside for easy grazing. The urchin is well protected, but less fortunate herbivores must watch out for flesh eating or carnivorous predators. The great barracuda cruises overhead, hunting at dawn and at dusk. The moray eel is generally nocturnal and spend its days lurking in caves. It comes out at night to feed on small fish.

The yellow-tail snapper may not look like much, but it is a mighty hunter. Of all the predators in the reef it is the most abundant. One day, this predator too may become prey or it may die at old age and make a meal for scavenger. In the coral reef, as in all ecosystems, energy will have flowed from the sun to the plants, to herbivores, to carnivores, to scavengers and decomposers.