DP SeijaRistimaki

EDMM European Digital Media Management; Intensive Programme in Budapest 19.8.- 8.9.
2007
Digital Printing Techniques

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Aims
Giving an overview on digital printing, basic definitions and concepts Overview on Non Impact Printing technologies System concepts and recent developments
EDMM 2007
EDMM European Digital Media Management; Intensive Programme in Budapest 19.8.- 8.9.2007
Contents
1. Introduction 2. Digital pre press 3. Electrophotography in digital printing 4. Ink jet printing 5. Functional printing and future developments
EDMM 2007
1. Introduction
General trends in printing and publishing What is digital printing ? Markets and applications
EDMM 2007
Megatrends in printing and publishing

Yearly growth 35 % Leading role in media field, strong challenge from digital media From chained structure toward network based structures New optional media platforms in publishing Global competition
EDMM 2007
Trends in printing
extra capacity Technical developments hard competition CTP HiFi-printing digitalization of the processes HPI-inks New screening more color in printed technologies products JDF in process control more small print runs Automation better quality etc from printing to total service concepts functional printing and hybrid media concepts
EDMM 2007
Changes in communication processes

Communication process
batch processing >> on - demand
Change in technology
off-line >> on-line
Product change
non interactive >> interactive
EDMM 2007
Media field
Source: Vauhtia viestinnst,Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset; Graafinen teollisuus ry, Sanomalehtien Liitto, 2005 EDMM 2007
Media value chain

Content creation Packaging Marketing Delivery and distribution Reception and use
EDMM 2007
Multi channel processes in media
Source: Vauhtia viestinnst,Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset; Graafinen teollisuus ry, Sanomalehtien Liitto, 2005 EDMM 2007
Digital publishing environment

Dhkj bbv vcbvcb nbvbcb b
XML to HTML
XML to CDROM
Media
XML to VML
specific files SGML, XML

XML to Print XML to e-book
EDMM 2007
Hybrid media
New combinations of different media platforms and content Konvergence of fiber based products (paper and board) and digital media E.g printed newspaper + web newspaper Other examples ??
EDMM 2007
New digital publishing platforms Digital books Pocket computers Mobile services
WAP ja I-mode
Digital-TV E-paper
EDMM 2007
Intelligent print products

optical codes reactive inks printed electronics and optics
Is there intelligence in future paper ?
EDMM 2007
Printing technologies; Distribution by process

1995 % Offset lithography Gravure Flexography Letterpress Screen printing and other Electronic,inkjet, plateless proces Total
Source: GAMA/ Fenton, Romano: On Demand Printing
EDMM 2007
2000 % 45 20 19 4 3 9 100
2025 % 30 20 20 2 2 26 100
47 20 18 7 3 5 100
Scenario of the development of different printing methods
year
Gravure
Digital printing
DTPprinting
Other methods
Source: VTT, GT-raportti 1/2004

EDMM 2007
One scenario of the development of offset vs digital printing
Year
Printing of variable data
Transaction printing
Printing from the web
Source: VTT, GT-raportti 1/2004

EDMM 2007
One scenario for the development of different run lengths in printing

Run lengths % of Total Market 16,6 33,5 22,3 13,8 5,6 8,2 100,0
EDMM 2007
% of Run Length in 4-Color 1,0 3,0 10,0 16,0 25,0 41,0
% Total 4- Color Market
1994 est 0,2 1,0 1,8 2,2 1,4 3,4 10,0
2000 est 3,5 5,5 6,0 5,0 1,5 5,5 27,0
< 100 - 500 500-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 10000-100000 >100000 Total %
Lhde: Fenton, Romano: On Demand Printing, GATF ,1994
Shares of different run lengths in USA

Share of the market, %
Run length
Source:Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset, 2005 EDMM 2007
Definition of digital printing
EDMM 2007
10
Computer To Plate Computer To Press Computer To Print

Printing (output with laser
printers)
On Demand Printing Variable Data Printing Short Run Printing Dynamic Printing Database Printing
Copying Printing( printing machines)
Electronic Books Electronic Paper
Networked printing Distributed printing

EDMM 2007
Digital printing
Printing digital documents direct from computer memory with nonimpact (NIP)- printing methods Enabling variable data printing
EDMM 2007
11
DIGITAL PRINTING
Direct To Image Carrier
Re-imageable Plate Fixed Image Plate
Direct To Press Plate
Direct To Paper
Direct to Plain Paper Ink Jet
(Continuous)
Direct to Special Paper
Electrophotography
Electrostatic
Ion Depostion
Direct to Plate on Press Direct to Stencil on Press
Ink Jet
(Drop on Demand)
Electrographic Diffusion Transfer
Magnetography
Thermal Transfer
EDMM 2007
One approach to digital printing categories

On Press direct imaging Computer to Press Variable digital printing The image is formed afresh for each print no master Industrial Ink Jet
Heidelberg Quickmaster DI Karat Digital Press Kodak (KPG) Komori Man Roland (DICO Web) Ryobi Sakurai Screen
Canon Delphax Hewlet Packard IBM Kodak Konica Nipson Oc Punch Graphics EDMM 2007 Xerox
Agfa Dotrix Chromas HP Inca Digitla Jetrion Kodak Versamark Riso ScitexVision Spectra Inc Toshiba Tec
12
Markets, typical products

Short runs ( < 1000 copies) on-demand production customized demographics promotional printing (advertising, direct mail) variable data
EDMM 2007
Quality Photo Reprints
Print Reproduction Technologies

Gravure Offset -sheetfed -web Production electronic printers Color Work Personal color printers group printers Volume copiers & printers Hybrid offset
EDMM Source; Agfa/ Fenton, Romano: On Demand Printing 2007
13
Production strategies
ondemand production centralized distributed, networking virtual publishing networks
EDMM 2007
The four main areas of application for digital printing

Complexity and novelity of the production chain
Printing of variable data Distributed printing On demand printing Short run printing
EDMM 2007
Product value
Source; VTT, Helene Juhola
14
Production sequences
Digital printing Page 1 Page 2 Page 1 Mechanical printing Page k
Page n Page1 Page 2 Page n

EDMM 2007
Page k+1
Page n
Digital printing system

* Front-end
* information and document management * coding * transfer * archiving and retrieval
* Digital printing * Finishing

EDMM 2007
15
Digital printing system

Scanning Digital imaging
Production server
-Preflight -OPI -Trapping - Production schedules -Color separation -Color management -Production archive
R I P Printer
Page layout and page making Prepress-production
EDMM 2007
Production chains in traditional and digital printing

Traditional offset printing
Design and file preparation
Printer
Image setter
Plate making
Printing
Finishing
Digital proof Digital printing

Design and file preparation
Films
Plate Press proof Printing

EDMM 2007
Final product
Printer
Finishing
16
Digital printing workflow

Proofing
Finishing Printing
Design Distributed printing
File preparation
EDMM 2007
Cost per page
Economics of digital printing

Traditional printing
Digital printing
Run length 1000

EDMM 2007
2000
17
Unit costs in digital printing
Change of unit costs from the year 2003 to 2008 in 4-colour digital printing
Source:Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset, EDMM 2007 2005, s 165
Digital printing efficiency

Print area (m2/h)
Forecast 2008; 600 m2/ h Now: 450 m2/h; Igen 3 100 A4/min
Year of launching
Source:Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen EDMM 2007 strategiset linjaukset, 2005, s 166 Viestintalan
18
Development of ink jet efficiency

Dots/s
year
Source:Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset, EDMM 2007 2005, s 167
Efficiencies of different printing technologies

Speed
1-colour 4-colour
Quality
Source :http://www.media.hut.fi/epp/ EDMM 2007
19
Digital printing application areas in future On demand book production Distributed printing of newspapers Combining traditional and digital methods ( certain parts of the products will be printed digitally) Wall paper printing Printing of ceramics and wall bricks Textile printing Printing of packages Security printing
EDMM 2007
Future application areas of digital printing
EDMM 2007
20
Scenario of the future
In 10 years half of the paper tons used in printing and 95 % of printed information will be produced with digital printing methods
Source: Hannu Saarelma; Digitaalisen painatuksen tulevaisuus; Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen viestintalan strategiset linjaukset, 2005
EDMM 2007
What to consider for an investment on digital printing

1 2
does the technology serve the customersneeds does it benefit both the existing and potential customers
is the quality good enough how productive is the device how reliable is the device does the company have the correct infrastructure ( eg peripherals, front end, variable data capability,on line finishing
EDMM 2007
21
EDMM European Digital Media Management; Intensive Programme in Budapest 19.8.8.9.2007
Digital Prepress
Seija Ristimki
30.5.2007
EDMM Intensive Programme 2007
Preparation of digital documents
Word processing Image processing and creating graphics Page make-up PDF files
30.5.2007
Word processing
Microsoft Word Corel WordPerfect Lotus Word Pro MacWrite
Picture; CustomDP
30.5.2007
rules associated with writing and processing of text Manual hyphenation and line feed are not permitted Style adjustment of the text not reasonable Spell checking is recommended Program-independent text formats are e.g. TXT and RTF (Rich Text Format).
30.5.2007 EDMM Intensive Programme 2007
Image processing and creating graphics
30.5.2007
What to consider?
What resolution ? What is the screen ruling used ? What color space ? Additional colors What color separation method is used for the forming of black component? What is the total amount of colors and the dot gain? What file formats are supported ?
30.5.2007
Digitizing images
Resolution for continuous tone images The bit depth of printed screen images should preferably be 8 bits/pixel, in which case a pixel is capable of repeating 256 tones in one color channel. lower resolution(e.g. 25% ) is sometimes sufficient for images if stochastic screening is used.
Digitizing line arts

line art requires higher resolution than continuous tone images a good rule for resolution is the printer's resolution
30.5.2007
Interpolated and optical resolution

The best result is usually achieved by scanning the image to its desired size straight in the beginning of the process
30.5.2007
Scanning resolution
the resolution of the scanner is limited by the CCD array 8 inch resolution is given as pixels per inch, ppi. The digital scanned image has no physical size, it just consists of number of pixels
300 ppi
4*300* 8*300 pixels =2.88 pixels
4 inch
10
Digital camera
Digital cameras have a set of sensors with a certain resolution, such as 3.3 million pixels, this makes it possible to print a picture of 4x8 inches with a resolution over 300 dpi
11
Interpolated resolution -sampling
30.5.2007
Picture; CustomDP
12
Downsampling
In the Downsampling method a new pixel is created by calculating the average value on the basis of previous pixels Bicubic Downsampling means that also all separation channels are considered in the calculation In the Nearest Neighbor method a new pixel is created by copying the nearest previous pixel.
13
30.5.2007
Image adjustment for print

Scaling and cropping Defining the tone range Tone rendering and dot gain compensation Color correction Transforming into CMYK format Sharpening (Unsharp masking)
14
Defining the tone range

Curves Levels
30.5.2007
15
Color correction
Color balance Brightness/Contrast Hue/Saturation
Selective Color
30.5.2007
16
Tone rendering and dot gain compensation

Curves CMYK Color settings
30.5.2007
17
Transforming into CMYK format
Issues to be considered
CMYK colors, profiles Under color removal (UCR or GCR) Total ink limit Dot gain Color management settings
30.5.2007
18
Sharpening (Unsharp masking)

It is advisable to perform sharpening in the last work stage since all other picture adjustments affect the sharpening process. Filter-Sharpen-Unsharp Mask
Amount setting affects the total amount of sharpening Radius setting affects the width of the fringe With threshold it is possible to reduce the graininess of grainy pictures during sharpening.
19
Page make-up
Adobe InDesign Adobe FrameMaker Adobe PageMaker QuarkXpress Corel Ventura Macromedia Freehand
20
10
PDF files
PDF file can be produced from a prepared page layout file by converting it directly from the page layout program into PS format with the help of a PostScript printer program, followed by conversion of the PS file into PDF with Adobe Distiller. Source:CustomDP
21
Ripping
30.5.2007
22
11
RIP
A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a bitmap. The bitmap is then sent to a printing device for output. The input may be a page description in a high-level page description such as PostScript (PS),Portable Document Format ( PDF) or another bitmap of higher or lower resolution than the output device. In the latter case, the RIP applies either smoothing or interpolation algorithms to the input bitmap to generate the output bitmap
Source; www.wikipedia.org
23
30.5.2007
24
12
Source: Kipphan, Handbook of Print Media

25
Screen ruling and gray values in digitally screened image
Source: Kipphan, 30.5.2007 Handbook of Print Media
26
13
Electrophotographic digital printing

Seija Ristimki
animation: Xerox
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Basic principles of NIP-printing technologies

contact-free, non impact image transfer no solid printing plate with a fixed image printing system is controlled directly by raster image processor image is transferred via an intermediate carrier, imaging surface ( electrophotography) or directly on paper ( ink jet systems)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Source: Kipphan Handbook of Print Media
NIP - Technologies
Electrophotography Electrography Ionography Magnetography Ink Jet
Continuous Ink Jet Drop on Demand
Thermography Elcography
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Steps in image formation

* Imaging
* latent ( invisible) image formation ( charging)
* Inking
* developing of the latent image ( with toner)
* Ink transfer
* transfer of the image on paper
* Fixing/drying of the toner * Conditioning

* Cleaning and preparing the surface for the next imaging
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
NIP- printing unit

Image surface does not have a storage function no stable, fixed printing image image transfer either via an intermediate carrier or directly on paper before re-imaging preparation/conditioning of the imaging surface
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Functional component and process steps for a printing system based on non-impact printing technology
Seija Ristimki From:Kipphan; Handbook of Print Media
EDMM 2007
Electrophotography
* Most mature of the digital printing technolgies * xerography * Undirect printing method, image carrier (drum or flexible belt) * Photo conductive surface is selectively discharged by a scanning laser beam modulated by a computer or with LEDs ( light emitting diods) * while charged the oppositely charged colorant or toner is brought into contact and is attracted to the areas retaining the charge * toner layer is transferred to the printed surface and fixed
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
History of electrophotography
1938 Invention of Xerography (Chester Carlson) 1960 XEROX 914 Copier 1970`s adjustable Illuminants (Laser + Modulator) 1985 first Desktop Laser printer 1987 (CLC) Canon color copier on market 1990 XEROX DocuTech 1993 Xeikon DCP-1, AGFA Chromapress, Indigo E-Print launched 1996 Next generation systems were introduced 2000 Printing machine manufactures (Heidelberg,MAN) join the game 2004 - 2005 Xerox Igen
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Image formation
Photoconductive layer on a drum is charged with corona wire ( > 10000 V) the electric field around the metallic threads charges the drum discharging with exposure > latent image toner is transferred on the surface
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Basic principle of electrophotography
From: Kipphan;Handbook of Print Media Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Re-imageable image carrier

No fixed image master Charge pattern ( latent image) must be repeatedly produced revolution by revolution
Enables printing of variable data Each copy may be different (e.g customized, personalized)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Charging of the photoconductive layer

Corona principle in corotron unit conductivity of the air increases because of the electric field around the corona wire charged ions are adsorbed by the photo conductive surface photo conductors are charged up to 5001000 V
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Principle of corotron unit
50 m shelter Corona thread
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Photo conductive layer

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Image carrier with OPC - surface (organic phtoconductor)

Negative charge as standard Light is absorbed in the charge-generating layer generating positive charges These are compensated on the surface by the charge transport layer
From: Kipphan;Handbook of Print Media Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Negative or positive imaging
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Charged area versus discharged area development
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Photo conductors
selenium - and selenium compounds CdS organic photoconductors (OPC)
Negative charge as standard
silicon based photo conductors (e.g a-Si)

Positive charge as a standard Higher wear resistance than OPC Higher production cost than OPC
zinc oxides
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Illuminants
Semi conductive lasers l. laserdiods
electric discharge in semi conductive material wavelength in red or IR area small size and low energy consumption
gas lasers
HeNe- , HeCd-,
LED
light emitting diods Semi conductive illuminants light is not monochromatic and coherent as with lasers
Liquid crystal illuminants

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Imaging
Laser
not very compact structure mirror and lens systems are needed for direction good resolution high speed
LED-matrix
compact structure unit density determines the resolution typically 600 dpi light intensity per pixel can be changed > one output pixel may have different gray levels
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Laser imaging
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
10
Rotating mirror system with laser diode illuminant for imaging Source: Kipphan;Handbook of Print Media
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
LED array for imaging the photoconductive drum

Source; Oce, Kipphan;Handbook of Print Media
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
11
Developing,inking
Transferring the toner particles on the charge image Solid toners ( powders)
1-component ( magnetic) 2-component ( separate carrier agent, ferrite balls, recycled in the printing process)
liquid tones
liquid carbon hydrogen as carrier agent smaller particle size as in powder toners thinner toner layer, better resolution
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Toners
Liquid toner Pigments,additives Particle size <2 m 2-component ( toner + carrier), Ink layer thickness ~1-3 m e.g Xerox,Xeikon,Canon, Fusing: anchoring,melting Nexpress etc and pressure,evaporation of 1-component (magnetic), in simple single color systems the carrier liquid 1-component (non magnetic), Systems using; Indigo, low speed multicolor systems Mitsubishi ,Ricoch Ink layer thickness ~5-10 m Fusing:melting and pressure
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Powder toner Polymers,pigments, additives Particle size 6-20 m
12
Diameter ~80 m
Dry toner
Diameter ~ 8 m
Scanning Electrone Microsscope picture of a 2 component dry toner particle ( source: http://www.xeikon.com)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Dual component development
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
13
Single component development
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Image transfer
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
14
Fixing
Task of the fixing unit:
Anchoring the toner particles to the paper
Hot nip
warm rollers, normally around 150 C
o
cold nip
fixing with pressure
liquid toners; absorption or evaporation of the solvent

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Roll fusing
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
15
Possible problems in the fusing

Excessive heat and the consequent drying of the paper changes in the surface structure of the color image Roller pressure may cause curling of the printed paper Re-splitting of the toner layer in the contact type of fusers (the purpose silicone oil is to prevent this)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Cleaning
Removing of the residual toner particles and electrostatic charges from the photoconductor drum Electrostatic forces Mechanical removal processes ( rubber blades, wipers)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
16
Erasing
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Image formation in Xerox DC 100
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
17
Xerox DC100 imaging unit

MCS:charging of the photoconductor surface LDA: Led array for exposing DVL: developing; inking TED:image transfer on paper PCS: pre charge scorotron CLN: cleaning and conditioning of the drum
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
6 PRE- CHARGE SCOROTRON (PCS) 7. CLEANING UNIT -500V charge to the drum. The PCS has given a negative charge, the remaining toner on the drum will be attracted to the positive charge of the CLN unit. screen 5. TRANSFER, ERASE AND DUPLEX (TED) NEGATIVE DUPLEX waste bottle Corotron (NDC) ERASE WIRE (ERA) 1. MAIN CHARGE SCOROTRON (MCS) -650V charge to the drum. POSITIVE DUPLEX Corotron (PDC) 4. DOSING UNIT (DOS) 2. LED ARRAY (LDA)) 7,424 LEDs per bar 7,272 LEDs are used ( the rest are for across the web registration.) 42.3 micrometers = LED 3. DEVELOPER UNIT (DVL) Charged at -590V Toner is attracted to the carrier with static electricity (friction) 8 magnets in the brush keeps the carrier from going to the drum Large spindle mixes toner Small spindle delivers toner to the DVL. TRANSFER WIRE (TRF) -650V charge to the drum.
SINGLE PRINT UNIT

Seija Ristimki
Carrier will stick to the brush, while toner will go to the drum if the drum potential is more positive than the -590V bias.
The DVL unit is on a lift which keeps the brush from damaging the OPC layer when not in EDMM keeps the toner from migrating to the drum while the drum is not use and 2007 charged.
18
System Concepts
Single pass Multipass Systems
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
4 -color electrophotography
multi-pass
charging of the drum, exposing, developing and transfer of the toner on paper separately for each color
cha rgi ng cle an i ng
exposing C M Y K
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
19
Examples of multipass systems
Source:Kipphan: Handbook of Print Ristimki Seija Media
EDMM 2007
single pass
own drum for each toner or the toners are developed on each other and transferred on paper at one impression ( toner on toner)
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
20
Example of single pass system
Heidelberg NexPress
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
21
Image transfer systems
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Collecting the image on an intermediate carrier ( belt)

Xerox DC 2060 DC 2045
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
22
Collecting the image on an intermediate drum

OceCPS700 7 colours (RGBCMYK) each separation is transferred on an intermediate drum the complete image is transferred onto the paper
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Print quality in NI - printing

resolution, dpi quality and shape of individual pixels ability to transfer different amounts of ink per pixel,number of gray levels per pixel screening
screen ruling quality of the edge of a halftone dot
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
23
Halftone dot consisting of pixels at different resolutions

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Image structures generated on systems having different resolutions Source: Kipphan Handbook of Print Media
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
24
Density modulation of the screen dots (pixels) by varying the ink film thickness
Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
25
Ink Jet Printing

Seija Ristimki
EDMM 2007
Ink Jet
* Ink jet processes produce density on a substrate by controlled deposition of tiny droplets of ink to form an image. * No contact to the substrate required * good cost -quality relation in small scale desktop printing * large format CAD-printers * 1-colour applications in personalizing
EDMM 2007
Ink jet
Size of the droplet determines the resolution dot gain decreases the resolution normally. C,M,Y.K-inks; sometimes only C,M,Y normally one droplet on paper for one output pixel; binary pixel tones are formed with halftone dots, which are composed of several output pixels
EDMM 2007
Two categories
continuous ink jet CS, continuous stream
drop on demand processes
EDMM 2007
Source: Kipphan: Handbook of Print Media
EDMM 2007
Imaging with continuous ink jet

continuous stream, CS,continuous ink jet, CIJ drops are formed with constant frequency as continuous flow the drops are deflected based on their electric charge overflow is directed to ink container or waste container drops are formed at the nozzle of the ink container
EDMM 2007
Nozzle
Charging plates
Deflection plates
Continuous Ink jet
Pump
EDMM 2007
Continuous Ink Jet
Binary Deflecting:The drop has one of two charge states
Multi Deflecting:The drops receive different charges to be deflected in different directions
EDMM 2007 Images: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gunter Hbner, HdM. and Kipphan:Handbook of Print Media
Multi-deflection ink jet system
Source: Kipphan: Handbook of Print Media EDMM 2007
Drop formation with continuous ink jet

Hertz technology Enables high stream of drops Example of specifications:
drop frequency ~1 MHz drop diameter ~20 m drop speed ~40 m/s
Factors influencing the drop size and interval

nozzle diameter viscosity and surface tension of the ink frequency of the excitation
Satellite drops
Source: Kipphan: Handbook of Print Media
EDMM 2007
EDMM 2007
Drop on demand processes

Drop on demand , DOD the drop can be generated either by heat transfer ( bubble jet) or by changing the chamber volume in a nozzle channel ( piezo ink jet) registration of the drop by moving the paper and print nozzle desktop printing large format printing economic method resolutions 720 - 1440 dpi
EDMM 2007
Drop on demand
a) thermal in jet (bubble jet) b) piezo ink jet Piezo ink jet demo (Aprion)
EDMM 2007
EDMM 2007
Ink Jet: Continuous vs DoD
EDMM 2007
Ink Jet: Continuous vs DoD

constant drop size binary drop ( 1 bit/pixel) tones are generated by screening number of drops/pixel can me modulated. eg. 5 bit/pixel size of the drops can be modulated
EDMM 2007
Creating grey values with ink jet

Collecting drops by high frequency generation
Forming one drop from individual drops
Collecting several drops per pixel

Ink jet inks

aqueous inks solvent inks UV-curable inks dye sublimation inks
EDMM 2007
Ink jet printers
EDMM 2007
10
Dotrix the.factory
single sided web-fed digital color press designed for short and medium run production sampling, customized printing, on-press proofing and variable data printing. UV inks (CMYK) Single Pass Inkjet Color Engine piezo drop-on-demand Per nozzle eight levels of gray can be generated by varying the jetted drop size.
EDMM 2007
Dotrix
EDMM 2007
11
Kodak Versamark
Continuous stream High speed production Speeds 107-229 m/min Variable data, short run printing on web fed paper 1- and 4-color printing Resolution 300 dpi *1200 dpi
http://www.kodakversamark.com
EDMM 2007
Epson
2 colors for receipts
Epson Stylus Pro 10600 -DoD Piezo Ink jet -1440 x 720 dpi
Epson Stylus Pro 4000 EPSON Micro Piezo tekniikka 2880 x 1440 dpi 8 colours
EDMM 2007
12
Adjusting the tone values in ink jet printing

The density of the output pixels can be adjusted by
modulating the size of the droplet modulating the amount of droplets per output pixel using different concentrations of the process color inks
EDMM 2007
Special applications of ink jet printing
EDMM 2007
13
Ink Jet in decoration of food

In 2004 Spectra launched the Merlin FG, production system suitable for digital decoration and marking of food products piezoelectric drop-ondemand ink jet technology FDA approved colorants
http://pira.atalink.co.uk/articles/advertisement/28 EDMM 2007
Spectra Merlin FG
http://pira.atalink.co.uk/articles/advertisement/28 EDMM 2007
14
Printing of flat panel displays
http://www.litrex.com/
http://www.litrex.com/pdf/IDMC_2005.pdf
EDMM 2007
Inkjet Printable Electronics

printed polymer electronics masks for circuit panels transistors by printing aim: printing of RFID tags
EDMM 2007
15
3D printing
Layers of a fine powder are selectively bonded by "printing" a waterbased adhesive from the inkjet printhead in the shape of each crosssection as determined by a CADfile.
EDMM 2007
16

DP SeijaRistimaki

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

DP SeijaRistimaki

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

EDMM European Digital Media Management; Intensive Programme in Budapest 19.8.- 8.9.

Digital Printing Techniques

Megatrends in printing and publishing

Changes in communication processes

Media value chain

Multi channel processes in media

Digital publishing environment

specific files SGML, XML

Intelligent print products

Printing technologies; Distribution by process

Scenario of the development of different printing methods

Source: VTT, GT-raportti 1/2004

One scenario of the development of offset vs digital printing

Printing of variable data

Printing from the web

Source: VTT, GT-raportti 1/2004

One scenario for the development of different run lengths in printing

% of Run Length in 4-Color 1,0 3,0 10,0 16,0 25,0 41,0

% Total 4- Color Market

1994 est 0,2 1,0 1,8 2,2 1,4 3,4 10,0

2000 est 3,5 5,5 6,0 5,0 1,5 5,5 27,0

< 100 - 500 500-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 10000-100000 >100000 Total %

Lhde: Fenton, Romano: On Demand Printing, GATF ,1994

Shares of different run lengths in USA

Source:Vauhtia viestinnst; Suomen Viestintalan strategiset linjaukset, 2005 EDMM 2007

Definition of digital printing

Computer To Plate Computer To Press Computer To Print

Copying Printing( printing machines)

Electronic Books Electronic Paper

Networked printing Distributed printing

Direct to Special Paper

Direct to Plate on Press Direct to Stencil on Press

Electrographic Diffusion Transfer

One approach to digital printing categories

Markets, typical products

Quality Photo Reprints

Print Reproduction Technologies

EDMM Source; Agfa/ Fenton, Romano: On Demand Printing 2007

The four main areas of application for digital printing

Page n Page1 Page 2 Page n

Digital printing system

* Digital printing * Finishing

Digital printing system

Page layout and page making Prepress-production

Production chains in traditional and digital printing

Digital proof Digital printing

Plate Press proof Printing

Digital printing workflow

Design Distributed printing

Cost per page

Economics of digital printing

Run length 1000

Unit costs in digital printing

Digital printing efficiency

Development of ink jet efficiency

Efficiencies of different printing technologies

Source :http://www.media.hut.fi/epp/ EDMM 2007

Future application areas of digital printing

Scenario of the future

What to consider for an investment on digital printing

EDMM European Digital Media Management; Intensive Programme in Budapest 19.8.8.9.2007

EDMM Intensive Programme 2007

Preparation of digital documents

4300 8*300 pixels =2.88 pixels