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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anechoic_chamber
Anechoic chamber
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An anechoic chamber (an-echoic meaning non-echoing or echo-free) is a room designed to stop reflections of either sound or electromagnetic waves. They are also insulated from exterior sources of noise. The combination of both aspects means they simulate a quiet open-space of infinite dimension, which is useful when exterior influences would otherwise give false results. Anechoic chambers were originally used in the context of acoustics (sound waves) to minimize the reflections of a room. More recently, rooms designed to reduce reflection and external noise in radio frequencies have been used to test antennas, radars, or electromagnetic interference.
An anechoic chamber
Anechoic chambers range from small compartments the size of household microwave ovens to ones as large as aircraft hangars. The size of the chamber depends on the size of the objects to be tested and the frequency range of the signals used, although scale models can sometimes be used by testing at shorter wavelengths.
Contents
1 Acoustic anechoic chambers 1.1 Semi-anechoic chambers 2 Radio-frequency anechoic chambers 2.1 Radiation absorbent material 2.2 Effectiveness over frequency 2.3 Installation into a screened room 2.4 Chamber size and commissioning 2.5 Operational use 2.6 Health and safety risks associated with RF anechoic chamber 3 See also 4 References 5 External links
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Semi-anechoic chambers
Full anechoic chambers aim to absorb energy in all directions. Semi-anechoic chambers have a solid floor that acts as a work surface for supporting heavy items, such as cars, washing machines, or industrial machinery, rather than the mesh floor grille over absorbent tiles found in full anechoic chambers. This floor is damped and floating on absorbent buffers to isolate it from outside vibration or electromagnetic signals. A recording studio may utilize a semi-anechoic chamber to produce high-quality music free of outside noise and unwanted echoes.
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An alternative type of RAM comprises flat plates of ferrite material, in the form of flat tiles fixed to all interior surfaces of the chamber. This type has a smaller effective frequency range than the pyramidal RAM and is designed to be fixed to good conductive surfaces. It is generally easier to fit and more durable than the pyramidal type RAM but is less effective at higher frequencies. Its performance might however be quite adequate if tests are limited to lower frequencies (ferrite plates have a damping curve that makes them most effective between 301000 MHz)[2] (http://www.ferroxcube.com/appl/info/absorbertiles.pdf) . There is also a hybrid type, a ferrite in pyramidal shape. Containing the advantages of both technologies the frequency range can be maximized while the pyramid remains small (10 cm)[3] (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org /xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=875567&isnumber=18905) .
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Operational use
Test and supporting equipment configurations to be used within anechoic chambers must expose as few metallic (conductive) surfaces as possible, as these risk causing unwanted reflections. Often this is achieved by using non-conductive plastic or wooden structures for supporting the equipment under test. Where metallic surfaces are unavoidable, they may be covered with pieces of RAM after setting up to minimize such reflection as far as possible. A careful assessment is required of whether to place the test equipment (as opposed to the equipment under test) on the interior or exterior of the chamber. Normally this may be located outside of the chamber provided it is not susceptible to interference from exterior fields which, otherwise, would not be present inside the chamber. This has the advantage of reducing reflection surfaces inside but it requires extra cables and particularly good filtering. Unnecessary cables and/or poor filtering can collect interference on the outside and conduct them to the inside. A good compromise may be to install human interface equipment (such as PCs), electrically noisy and high power equipment on the outside and sensitive equipment on the inside. One useful application of fiber optic cables is to provide the communications links to carry signals within the chamber. Fiber optic cables are non-conductive and of small cross-section and therefore cause negligible reflections in most applications. It is normal to filter electrical power supplies for use within the anechoic chamber as unfiltered supplies present a risk of unwanted signals being conducted into and out of the chamber along the power cables.
See also
Soundproofing
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References
1. ^ http://www.tcbmag.com/industriestrends/technology/104458p1.aspx 2. ^ The Quietest Place on Earth Orfield Labs [audiojunkies] (http://www.audiojunkies.com/blog/902 /the-quietest-place-on-earth-orfield-labs) 3. ^ http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/facilities/?content=anechoic 4. ^ E Knott, J Shaeffer, M Tulley, Radar Cross Section. pp 528531. ISBN 0-89006-618-3
External links
Pictures and description of an acoustic anechoic chamber (http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk /facilities/?content=anechoic) Anechoic Chambers, Past and Present (http://www.ets-lindgren.com/manuals /anechoic_chambers_lawrence.pdf) How RF Anechoic Chambers Work (http://www.glendash.com/Dash_of_EMC /Anechoic_Chambers/Anechoic_Chambers.pdf) Some examples Bell Labs' Murray Hill anechoic chamber (http://www.bell-labs.com/org/1133/Research /Acoustics/AnechoicChamber.html) "Acoustics Anechoic Chamber" (http://web.archive.org/web/20070929125245/http: //www.npl.co.uk/acoustics/facilities/airborne/ff.html) . The UK's National Measurement Laboratory. National Physical Laboratory. Archived from the original (http://web.archive.org/web/20070929125245/http://www.npl.co.uk/acoustics/facilities /airborne/ff.html) on 29 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929125245 /http://www.npl.co.uk/acoustics/facilities/airborne/ff.html. Retrieved 22 February 2011. Anechoic chambers at Apple Inc. campus used to test their mobile device products (http://www.apple.com/antenna/testing-lab.html) Anechoic chambers at Apple Inc. campus used to test their mobile device products, via WaybackMachine (http://web.archive.org/web/20100725060738/http://www.apple.com /antenna/testing-lab.html) Photos from building an anechoic chamber in CTU, Prague (http://acs.feld.cvut.cz /old/komora.html) The sound of clothes inside an anechoic chamber (http://www.showstudio.com/projects /anechoic/movies/) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anechoic_chamber&oldid=472760431" Categories: Acoustics Laboratories Electromagnetic radiation Silence Radiation This page was last modified on 23 January 2012 at 07:09. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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