3 - DNV Rules For Marine Operations

DNV Marine Operations Rules for Subsea Lift Operations
Simplified Methods for Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces
Tormod Be DNV Marine Operations 1st December 2010
Content
Brief overview of relevant DNV publications
DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Pt.2 Ch.5 Lifting Capacity Checks
Simplified Methods for prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces
o in Splash Zone, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.4
o in Deepwater, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.5
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations
1. December 2010
Slide 2
Relevant DNV Publications
Lifting- and subsea operations :

DNV-OS-E402 Offshore Standard for Diving Systems October 2010
DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations 1996
Special planned, non-routine operations of limited durations, at sea. Marine operations are normally related to temporary phases as e.g. load transfer, transportation and installation.
DNV Standard for Certification No.2.22 Lifting Appliances October 2008
DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.7-3 Portable Offshore Units June 2006 (New revision is coming)
Special planned non-routine operations
Routine operations
1. December 2010
Slide 3
Relevant DNV Publications - Other
DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads October 2010
DNV-RP-H101 Risk Management in Marine and Subsea Operations, January 2003
DNV-RP-H102 Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore Installations, April 2004
DNV-RP-H103 Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations, April 2010
1. December 2010
Slide 4
Relevant DNV Publications - WebSite
Most DNV publications can be downloaded for free at:
http://webshop.dnv.com/global/
The 1996 DNV Rules for Marine Operations is not in the Webshop.
1. December 2010
Slide 5
Content
1. December 2010
Slide 6
Capacity Checks - DNV 1996 Rules
Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations, 1996
Part 1 - General
Part 2 - Operation Specific Requirements Pt.2 Ch.1 - Load Transfer Operations Pt.2 Ch.2 - Towing Pt.2 Ch.3 - Special Sea Transports Pt.2 Ch.4 - Offshore Installation Pt.2 Ch.5 - Lifting Pt.2 Ch.6 - Sub Sea Operations Pt.2 Ch.7 - Transit and Positioning of Mobile Offshore Units
Pt.1 Ch.1 - Warranty Surveys
Pt.1 Ch.2 - Planning of
Operations
Pt.1 Ch.3 - Design Loads
Pt.1 Ch.4 - Structural Design
1. December 2010
Slide 7
Capacity Checks - DNV 1996 Rules
Part 2 Chapter 5
Dynamic loads, lift in air
Crane capacity
Rigging capacity,
(slings, shackles, etc.)
Structural steel capacity
(lifted object, lifting points, spreader bars, etc.)
Part 2 Chapter 6
Dynamic loads, subsea lifts
(capacity checks as in Chapter 5 applying dynamic loads from Chapter 6)

1. December 2010 Slide 8
Capacity Checks DAF for Lift in Air
Dynamic loads are accounted for by using a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF).
DAF in air may be caused by e.g. variation in hoisting speeds or motions of crane vessel and lifted object.
The given table is applicable for offshore lift in air in minor sea states, typically Hs < 2-2.5m.
DAF must be estimated separately for lifts in air at higher seastates and for subsea lifts !
Table 2.1 Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.2.4.4
1. December 2010
Slide 9
Capacity Checks - Crane Capacity
The dynamic hook load, DHL, is given by:
DHL = DAF*(W+Wrig) + F(SPL)
ref. Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.4.2.1
W is the weight of the structure, including a weight inaccuracy factor
The DHL should be checked against available crane capacity
The crane capacity decrease when the lifting radius increase.
1. December 2010
Slide 10
Capacity Checks - Sling Loads

Example :
The maximum dynamic sling load, Fsling, can be calculated by:
Fsling = DHLSKLkCoGDW / sin
ref. Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.4.2.3-6
where:
SKL = Skew load factor extra loading caused by equipment and fabrication tolerances.
kCoG = CoG factor inaccuracies in estimated position of centre of gravity.
DW = vertical weight distribution e.g. DWA = (8/15)(7/13) in sling A.
= sling angle from the horizontal plane.

Capacity Checks - Slings and Shackles
The sling capacity Minimum breaking load, MBL, is checked by:
Fsling <
MBLsling sf
The safety factor is minimum sf 3.0. (Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.3.1.2)
Safe working load, SWL, and MBL, of the shackle are checked by :
a) Fsling < SWL DAF
and
b) Fsling < MBL / 3.3
Both criteria shall be fulfilled (Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.3.2.1.2)

Capacity Checks Structural Steel

Other lifting equipment: A consequence factor of C = 1.3 should be applied on lifting yokes, spreader bars, plateshackles, etc. Structural strength of Lifted Object: The following consequence factors should be applied :
Lifting points:
The load factor f = 1.3, is increased by a consequence factor, C = 1.3, so that total design faktor, design , becomes:
design = c f = 1.3 1.3 = 1.7
The design load acting on the lift point becomes:
Fdesign = design Fsling = 1.7 Fsling
A lateral load of minimum 3% of the design load shall be included. This load acts in the shackle bow !
Table 4.1
1. December 2010
(ref. Pt.2.Ch.5 Sec.2.4.3.4)
Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.4.1.2

Slide 13
Content
1. December 2010
Slide 14
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - DNV-RP-H103
The Recommended Practice; DNV-RP-H103 Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations was issued april 2009 and revised 2010.
A Simplified Method for calculating hydrodynamic forces on objects lifted through wave zone is included in chapter 4.
This Simplified Method supersedes the calculation guidelines in DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Pt.2 Ch.6.
1. December 2010
Slide 15
DNV-RP-H103 - Background and Objective
Task :
More accurate prediction of design loads for marine operations
Increased allowable weather criteria

or
Reduced capacity requirements to crane and vessel
Reduced risk of waiting on weather
Wider range of suitable installation vessels
Objectives :
Reduced Costs
Increased Safety
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Assumptions
The Simplified Method is based upon the following main assumptions:
the horizontal extent of the lifted object is small compared to the wave length
the vertical motion of the object is equal the vertical crane tip motion
vertical motion of object and water dominates other motions can be disregarded
The intention of the Simplified Method is to give simple conservative estimates of the forces acting on the object.
1. December 2010
Slide 17
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Crane Tip Motions
The Simplified Method is unapplicable if the crane tip oscillation period or the wave period is close to the resonance period, Tn , of the hoisting system
Tn = 2
M + A33 K
Heave, pitch and roll RAOs for the vessel should be combined with crane tip position to find the vertical motion of the crane tip
If operation reference period is within 30 minutes, the most probable largest responses may be taken as 1.80 times the significant responses
If the vessel heading is not fixed, vessel response should be analysed for wave directions at least 15 off the applied vessel heading
1. December 2010
Slide 18
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Wave Periods
There are two alternative approaches:
Alt-1) Wave periods are included:
Analyses should cover the following zerocrossing wave period range:
8 .9
Hs g
Tz 13
A lower limit of Hmax=1.8Hs=/7 with 2 wavelength =gTz /2 is here used.
Alt-2) Wave periods are disregarded:
Operation procedures should in this case reflect that the calculations are only valid for waves longer than:
HS g
A lower limit of Hmax=1.8Hs=/10 with wavelength 2 =gTz /2 is here used.
T z 10 . 6
1. December 2010
Slide 19
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Wave Kinematics
Alt-1) Wave periods are included:
The wave amplitude, wave particle velocity and acceleration can be taken as:
a = 0 .9 H S
T z2 g
4 2 d
2 vw = a T z
e
4 2 d
2 Tz g
2 aw = a T z
d :
distance from water plane to CoG of submerged part of object
Alt-2) Wave periods are disregarded:
v w = 0 .30
g Hs e
aw = 0.10
1. December 2010
0 .35 d Hs
The wave particle velocity and acceleration can be taken as:
g e
0.35 d Hs
Slide 20
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Hydrodynamic Forces
Slamming impact force
Slamming forces are short-term impulse forces that acts when the structure hits the water surface.
AS is the relevant slamming area on the exposed structure part. Cs is slamming coeff.
2 2 v s = v c + v ct + v w
The slamming velocity, vs, is :
vc = lowering speed vct = vertical crane tip velocity vw = vertical water particle velocity at water surface
Varying buoyancy force
F = V g
V = Aw a 2 + ct2
a = wave amplitude ct = crane tip motion amplitude w = mean water line area in the wave surface zone
Varying buoyancy, F , is the change in buoyancy due to the water surface F = V g elevation.
V is the change in volume of displaced water from still water surface to wave crest or wave trough.
Drag force
Drag forces are flow resistance on submerged part of the structure. The drag forces are related to relative velocity between object and water particles.
The drag coefficient, CD, in oscillatory flow for complex subsea structures may typically be CD 2.5.
v r = vc +
vct2 + v w2
Relative velocity are found by :
vc = lowering/hoisting speed vct = vertical crane tip velocity vw = vertical water particle velocity at water depth , d Ap = horizontal projected area
Mass force
Mass force is here a combination of inertia force, Froude-Kriloff force and diffraction force.
FM =
[(M + A33) act]2 + [(V + A33) aw]2

M = mass of object in air A33 = heave added mass of object act = vertical crane tip acceleration V = volume of displaced water relative to the still water level aw = vertical water particle acceleration at water depth, d
Crane tip acceleration and water particle acceleration are assumed statistically independent.
1. December 2010
Slide 22
The hydrodynamic force is a time dependent function of slamming impact force, varying buoyancy, hydrodynamic mass forces and drag forces. In the Simplified Method the forces may be combined as follows:
Fhyd = ( FD + Fslam )2 + ( FM F ) 2
The structure may be divided into main items and surfaces contributing to the hydrodynamic force
Water particle velocity and acceleration are related to the vertical centre of gravity for each main item. Mass and drag forces contributions are then summarized :
FM =
Di i
Mi
FD =
FMi and FDi are the individual force contributions from each main item
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Load Cases Example
The static and hydrodynamic force should be calculated for different stages. Relevant load cases for deployment of a protection structure could be:
Load Case 1
Still water level beneath top of ventilated buckets
Slamming impact force, Fslam, acts on top of buckets. Inertia force to be included.
Varying buoyancy force, F , drag force, FD and hydrodynamic part of mass force, FM are negligible.
Load Case 2
Still water level above top of buckets
Slamming impact force, Fslam, is zero
Varying buoyancy, F , drag force, FD and mass force, FM, are calculated. Velocity and acceleration are related to CoG of submerged part of structure.
Load Case 3
Still water level beneath roof cover.
Slamming impact force, Fslam, acts on the roof cover.
Varying buoyancy, F , drag force, FD and mass force, FM are calculated on the rest of the structure. Drag- and mass forces acts mainly on the buckets and is related to a depth, d, down to CoG of submerged part of the structure.
Load Case 4
Still water level above roof cover.
Slamming impact force, Fslam, and varying buoyancy, F, is zero.
Drag force, FD and mass force, FM are calculated individually. The total mass and drag force is the sum of the individual load components, e.g. : FD= FDroof + FDlegs+ FDbuckets applying correct CoGs
1. December 2010
Slide 26
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Static Weight
In addition, the weight inaccuracy factor should be applied

Simplified Method, Splash Zone - DAF
Capacity Checks
The capacities of crane, lifting equipment and lifted object are checked as for lift in air. The following relation should be applied:
Ftotal DAF = Mg
where Fstatic-max is the maximum static weight of the submerged object including flooding and weight inaccuracy factor Fhyd is the hydrodynamic force Fsnap is the snap load (normally to be avoided)
Mg : weight of object in air [N]
Ftotal : is the characteristic total force on the (partly or fully) submerged object. Taken as the largest of;
Ftotal = Fstatic-max + Fhyd or Ftotal = Fstatic-max + Fsnap
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Slack Slings
The Slack Sling Criterion.
Snap forces shall as far as possible be avoided. Weather crietria should be adjusted to ensure this.
The following criterion should be fulfilled in order to ensure that snap loads are avoided:
Fhyd 0.9 Fstatic min
Fstatic-min = weight before flooding, including a weight reduction implied by the weight inaccuracy factor.
1. December 2010
Slide 29
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Added Mass
Hydrodynamic added mass for flat plates

Example: Flat plate where length, b, above breadth, a, is b/a = 2.0 :
A33 = 0.76
a2 b
1. December 2010
Slide 30

Added Mass Increase due to Body Height
1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2
1+SQRT((1-lambda^2)/(2*(1+lambda^2)))
Added Mass Increase due to Body Height
A33/A33o
1.1 1 0 0.5
The following simplified approximation of the added mass in heave for a three-dimensional body with vertical sides may be applied :
1 2
and
=
h + Ap
Ap
1.5
ln [ 1+ (h/sqrt(A)) ]
A33 1 +
A 33o 2( 1 + 2 )
2.5
where
A33o = added mass for a flat plate with a shape equal to the horizontal projected area of the object
h = height of the object
Ap = horizontal projected area of the object

Added Mass from Partly Enclosed Volume
A volume of water partly enlosed within large plated surfaces will also contribute to the added mass, e.g.:
The volume of water inside suction anchors or foundation buckets.
The volume of water between large plated mudmat surfaces and roof structures.
1. December 2010
Slide 32
Added Mass Reduction due to Perforation

Effect of perforation on added mass
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 Perforation 20 30 40 50
Recommended reduction:
A33 = 1.0 A33S

.
if p< 5
A33 = 0.7 + 0.3 cos[ ( p 5 ) / 34] A33S
if 5 < p < 34
e^-P/28 BucketKC0.1-H4D-NiMo BucketKC0.6-H4D-NiMo BucketKC1.2-H4D-NiMo BucketKC0.5-H0.5D-NiMo BucketKC1.5-H0.5D-NiMo BucketKC2.5-H0.5D-NiMo BucketKC3.5-H0.5D-NiMo PLET-KC1-4 Roof-A0.5-2.5+ Hatch20-KCp0.5-1.8 Hatch18-KCp0.3-0.8 BucketKC0.1 BucketKC0.6 BucketKC1.2 RoofKCp0.1-0.27 RoofKCp0.1-0.37 DNV-Curve Mudmat CFD
A33 =e A33 S
A33S = added mass for a nonperforated structure.
No reduction applied in added mass when perforation is small. A significant drop in the added mass for larger perforation rates. Reduction factor applicable for p<50.
Added Mass Reduction Factor
10 p 28
if 34 < p < 50
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Example Case

CFD analysis:
Regular Stokes 5th wave: H=3.5m T=5.5s Domain 95x30x37m 4.4 million fluid cells Minimum grid size 0.18m near object, stretched elsewhere 8.5x8.5m solid roof and 10x10x1.0m top frame 1.0m legs, height 8m and hollow 3.5x4.0m buckets at x,y=8.5m ventilation holes 0.8m Wall thickness 0.25m half model 60s simulation time
1. December 2010
Slide 34
Simplified Method, Splash Zone - Example Case

Fhyd 1.1105N
Highest upwards hydrodynamic force when bucket is fully submerged occurs when the object is located in a wave trough.
Buoyancy, Vg
1. December 2010
Slide 35
Content
1. December 2010
Slide 36
Deepwater Operations - Criteria and Challenges
Criteria :
Static and dynamic loads on lifted structure, crane, cable and rigging shall not exceed capacity requirements
Snap loads due to slack slings or slack cable shall be avoided
Challenges :
Static weight at crane tip increases linearly with cable length
The resonance period of the lifting system increases with cable length. Dynamic forces may increase due to resonant amplification induced by the vertical crane tip motion.
Dynamic Forces Vertical resonance
Simplified Method, Deepwater - Assumptions
Chapter 5 in DNV-RP-H103 covers Deepwater Lowering Operations.
It includes a simplified method for estimating dynamic response of lowered object.
The following main assumptions are applied:
the subsea structure is lowered into deepwater and is unaffected by wave forces
the vertical motion of crane tip and subsea structure dominates other motions can be disregarded
Offset due to current forces is disregarded
Heave compensation systems are not taken into account
Case Study Main Data
The subsea structure mass is 97 tonnes
Water depth is 3000 m
The crane cable is a conventional steel wire
No heave compensation system
Case Study Crane Tip Motion
Lift at side of crane vessel
Wave heading 15 off bow
RAO in heave, pitch and roll are combined in order to find the vertical motion at the crane tip
Vessels natural period in roll at T=9s dominates
Case Study Motion of Lifted Object
A cable length of L=2750 m is selected
This gives an undamped natural period of the lifting system of T0=9 s
Case Study Dynamic Load at Lifted Object
Comparison with a time-domain analysis using a non-linear FE computer program
Dynamic amplification 20% higher at natural period T0=9s
Dynamic amp. at T=1.5s due to longitudinal pressure waves
No wave energy at T=1.5s, hence deviation is acceptable
Case Study Dynamic Force along Cable
Cable length L=2750m
Dynamic force computed applying harmonic oscillation at crane tip with period T=9s and amplitude a=1m
Dynamic force slightly larger at the crane tip than at the lifted object
Capacity requirements checked at crane tip
Risk of snap loads due to slack wire checked at lifted object
Transfer functions for dynamic load in cable and crane tip motion are combined with a wave spectrum S()
Jonswap wave spectrum with Hs=2.0m and Tp=9s is applied
Most probable largest response for dynamic force in cable is found by:
A duration time t =30 minutes gives Fd=530kN in this case
Calculations are repeated for a range of seastates
Hs=2.0m gives acceptable dynamic loads for all wave periods
Cable length L=2750 is applied
Natural period of the lifting system is T0=9s
Tables can be computed giving an overview of operable seastates
Red results are above installation limit
Outside means non-existent seastates
Calculations are repeated for a range of cable lengths

Non-operable seastates
Max Fd for all Tz values
Fd<0.9*Fstatic in order to avoid risk of snap loads due to slack slings; Fd < 68t
Capacity requirement of crane and cable governs for cable lengths above L>2250m due to weight of cable
.. Questions ??
1. December 2010
Slide 49
1. December 2010
Slide 50

3 - DNV Rules For Marine Operations

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

3 - DNV Rules For Marine Operations

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

DNV Marine Operations Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Simplified Methods for Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces

Tormod Be DNV Marine Operations 1st December 2010

Brief overview of relevant DNV publications

Simplified Methods for prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces

o in Splash Zone, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.4

o in Deepwater, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.5

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Relevant DNV Publications

Lifting- and subsea operations :

DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations 1996

DNV Standard for Certification No.2.22 Lifting Appliances October 2008

Special planned non-routine operations

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Relevant DNV Publications - Other

DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads October 2010

DNV-RP-H101 Risk Management in Marine and Subsea Operations, January 2003

DNV-RP-H102 Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore Installations, April 2004

DNV-RP-H103 Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations, April 2010

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Relevant DNV Publications - WebSite

Most DNV publications can be downloaded for free at:

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Brief overview of relevant DNV publications

Simplified Methods for prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces

o in Splash Zone, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.4

o in Deepwater, DNV-RP-H103 Ch.5

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks - DNV 1996 Rules

Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations, 1996

Pt.1 Ch.1 - Warranty Surveys

Pt.1 Ch.2 - Planning of

Pt.1 Ch.3 - Design Loads

Pt.1 Ch.4 - Structural Design

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks - DNV 1996 Rules

Dynamic loads, lift in air

(slings, shackles, etc.)

Structural steel capacity

(lifted object, lifting points, spreader bars, etc.)

Dynamic loads, subsea lifts

(capacity checks as in Chapter 5 applying dynamic loads from Chapter 6)

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks DAF for Lift in Air

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks - Crane Capacity

The dynamic hook load, DHL, is given by:

DHL = DAF*(W+Wrig) + F(SPL)

ref. Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.4.2.1

W is the weight of the structure, including a weight inaccuracy factor

The DHL should be checked against available crane capacity

The crane capacity decrease when the lifting radius increase.

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks - Sling Loads

The maximum dynamic sling load, Fsling, can be calculated by:

Fsling = DHLSKLkCoGDW / sin

ref. Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.4.2.3-6

kCoG = CoG factor inaccuracies in estimated position of centre of gravity.

DW = vertical weight distribution e.g. DWA = (8/15)(7/13) in sling A.

= sling angle from the horizontal plane.

DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lift Operations

Capacity Checks - Slings and Shackles

The sling capacity Minimum breaking load, MBL, is checked by: