A comparative study of Klein Gordon & Dirac equation with general relativistic potential

Md. Farhad Hossain

We know that the relativistic quantum mechanics obey relativistic Schrdinger equation that is also known famously as Klein Gordon equation what is set for spin zero field theoretical particles like photon. On the other hand the spin half field theoretical equation is famous Dirac equation where the state function of K-G equation replaces by some column matrix. We study the comparative relationship of these relativistic quantum mechanical equations from general relativistic entity.

The famous problems of theoretical physics lay on the problems of entering gravitational field in quantum mechanics. However the first attempt of relativistic entity in Schrdinger equation is called Klein Gordon equation what arise from relativistic particle having both momentum and velocity. This equation is very popular in context

In quantum mechanics all the physical observables are related to some operator and they operate on some state function and give their eigen value. So our famous equation of mass-energy relation is replaced by Klein Gordon (in short K-G) equation for quantum particles.

This equation becomes a wave equation by entering time derivative operator as Hamiltonian and space derivative as momentum operator and some mathematical tricks.

This equation is easily fixed up to all spin zero particles like photon. One can called is as bosonic equation. But it is not applied for spin half particles like electron. That is studied by entering a new equation called dirac equation that replace wavefunction by spinor and that is the first derivative of time.

The spin of electron can easily find from this equation. The equation contains Dirac matrix what is a 4x4 matrix. Now we introduce the covariant formulation of both Klein Gordon equation and Dirac equation.

Here first equation is K-G equation and second is Dirac equation. Dirac matrix of gamma representation obey Clifford algebra rule.

The two equations allow all the particles of both integer and half integer spin contains equation. And the quantum field theory starts from here. Though the system contain the free electron equation we can entire external field and that will be used as additional operator. But for gravitational field what will happen? Then we impute the covariant derivative on the normal partial derivative of the equation.

or

The middle term of second line of new Klein Gordon equation holds Christoffel connection that is christoffel symbol notation of General relativity. And this is equivalent to gravitational momentum correction that adds new momentum to old special relativistic momentum with geometric assumption. And new Dirac equation is

Here last term of second equation contain spin connection. This equation says that the spin is dynamical with curvature of space where particles are moving. So there will some new potential representation of gravitational field as space-time curvature of general relativistic formulation for both Klein Gordon and Dirac equation. The Klein-Gordon equation hold Christoffel connection and Dirac equation hold spin connection. The entity of new operators in two equations is the gravitational gauge transformation. Christoffel connection is equivalent to gravitational four-momentum gauge transformation. And new Dirac equation says the dynamicity of spin depending on the curvature of space-time.

REFERENCE [1]Quantum theory of fields vol-1 by S Weinberg [2] Thaller, B., The Dirac Equation, Texts and Monographs in Physics (Springer, 1992) [3] Itzykson and J-B Zuber, Quantum Field Theory, McGraw-Hill Co.