ADDITIONAL HANDOUT : EXERCISES + NOTES PARTICIPLES GERUNDS INFINITIVES

GRADE: IX

Participles, Gerunds, and Infinitives are formed from verbs. They are used to add interests and details to descriptions in narratives. A. 1. Participles (present and past participles) Both present and past participles can act as adjectives to describe / explain nouns and pronouns. Present Participle = Verb + -ing It gives active meaning. The noun / pronoun it modifies performs an action. e. g.: It is a confusing problem [ The noun problem does something; it confuses. ] Children think it is an amusing story. [ The noun story amuses the children. ] They are exciting games. [ The noun games do something. They excite. ] Past Participle = Verb (3) (the verb + -d or -ed ending and the irregular form) It gives passive meaning. The noun / pronoun it modifies receives an action. e.g.: They are confused students. [ The noun students are confused by something. ] The children are amused by the story. [ The noun children are amused by the story. ] The teenagers are excited. [ The noun teenagers are excited by something. ] When V+-ing and Verb-3 perform as adjectives, they are called Participial Adjectives. Exercise. Complete the sentences with the present or past participle of the verbs in brackets. 1. The (steal) _______________ jewelry was recovered. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Success in ones work is a (satisfy) _______________ experience. The dragon was a (terrify) _______________ sight for the villagers. The (terrify) _______________ villagers ran for their lives. I found myself in an (embarrass) _______________ situation last night. A kid accidentally threw a ball at one of the school windows. Someone needs to repair the (break) _______________ window. I elbowed my way through the (crowd) _______________ room. The thief tried to pry open the (lock) _______________ cabinet. The (injure) _______________ woman was put into an ambulance.

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10. That (annoy) _______________ buzz is coming from the fluorescent light. 11. The teacher gave us a (challenge) _______________ assignment, we all enjoyed doing it. 12. The (expect) _______________ event did not occur. 13. A (grow) _______________ child needs a (balance) _______________ diet. 14. No one appreciates a (spoil) _______________ child. 15. There is an old saying: Let (sleep) _______________ dogs lie. 16. We had a (thrill) _______________ but (hair-raise) _______________ experience on our backpacking trip into the wilderness. 17. The (abandon) _______________ car was towed away by a tow truck. 18. I still have five more (require) _______________ courses to take. 19. (Pollute) _______________ water is not safe for drinking. 20. I dont have any furniture of my own. Do you know where I can rent a (furnish) _______________ apartment? 21. The equator is the (divide) _______________ line between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. 22. We all expect our (elect) _______________ officials to be honest.

Compiled by Ms. Laila Dj.- August 2007

23. The invention of the (print) _______________ press was one of the most important events in the history of the world. 24. (Experience) _______________ travelers pack lightly. They carry little more than necessities. 25. The psychologist spoke to us about some of the (amaze) _______________ coincidences in the lives of twins living apart from each other from birth. B. Gerunds A gerund consists of Verb + -ing ending that functions as a noun. A gerund may be used as: 1. A subject e.g.: Fishing is a good hobby. Renting movies can be an alternative to spend weekend. 2. An object of a verb e.g.: Everyone stopped laughing. We were up there fishing. 3. An object of a preposition e.g.: I waited a few seconds before announcing the great news. She was thinking of spending the weekend at my place. Infinitives An infinitive consists of to + verb that acts as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. An infinitive may act as: 1. As noun e.g.: To lie to the police was difficult. [infinitive acting as a subject] It was difficult to lie to the police. [infinitive acting as object of linking verb was] He thought of nothing except to lie to the police. [infinitive acting as object of preposition except] He tried to lie to the police. [infinitive acting as object of verb tried] 2. As adjective (modifier for noun or pronoun) e.g.: Do you have anything to say? he demanded. [infinitive acting as an adjective describing anything] It had no mouth to open. [infinitive acting as an adjective describing mouth] 3. As adverb (modifier for verb or adjective) e.g.: A few neighbors came out to see what was going on. [infinitive acting as adverb modifying verb came out] Its too far to jump. [infinitive acting as adverb modifying adjective far] STUDY THE FOLLOWING CHARTS AND DO ALL THE EXERCISES TO SHARPEN YOUR ABILITY IN USING GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES.

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Compiled by Ms. Laila Dj.- August 2007