SUBJECT

Date

EFFECTIVE TOP PLATE

BEAMS WITH WIDE FLANGES; SHEAR LAC ...............................

In thin metal construction, box, T-, o r I-Seams with very wide thin f cover plates o flanges a r e sometimes used, and when a thin plate is stiffened by an a t t a c h e d member, a portion of t h e p l a t e may be considered as a flange, acting integrally with t h e a t t a c h e d member which forms t h e web. Examples of this a r e to b e found in ship hulls, floors, tanks and aircraft. In e i t h e r t y p e of construction t h e question arises as t o what width of flange o r plate may be considered effective: ie. what width, uniformly stressed t o t h e maximum stress t h a t actually occurs, would provide a resisting moment equal t o t h a t of t h e a c t u a l stresses, which a r e g r e a t e s t near t h e web and diminish as t h e distance t h e r e f o r e increases.

SUBJECT

Daze

Page

5.2

PLATES

S~gn.

NO

HES/ID

1I

A plate is a thin piece of material, supported somewhere around it is perimeter and subject t o a load.

Depending on t h e t y p e of load applied it is possible, and necessary t o make a distinction between.

IN PLANE LOADED PLATE

NORMALLY LOADED PLATE

1I

IN PLANE LOADED PLATE ....................

:
!

Luckily f o r us, they can mostly be t r e a t e d a s an ordinary beam. But if t h e lengthlhei ht ratio Sor t h a t beam is getting close t o 1, i t becomes more di icult.

'4 f e w examples a r e shown below.

1: FOR

CLfiY)C

Date

Page

5.3

PLATES

S~gn

HES/ID

iNO

NORMALLY LOADED ---------------Such a plate c a n be described as a woven p a t t e r n with a strip of t h e p l a t e forming each thread. I t is therefore easily seen t h a t t h e behaviour of t h e plate, when normally loaded dods depend on both t h e end fixation and t h e lengt h/width ratio,

I
/
I

a . b .

Design with simply supported edges.

If t h e length/width r a t i o exceeds 2,5, then i t doesn't m a t t e r

how long i t is, it will only c a r r y load in o n e direction.

f I

As t h e plate is assumed t o behave similar t o a number of small beams. The resulting stresses a r e similar t o t h e ones which occur in a beam.

For a beam, t h e ------- c a n be expressed by E g I stiffeners Corres?onding figure for a plate is %-. D.
r

=-A

= posirisns ratio: 0,5 for steel

SUBJECT

Date

Page

54 .
PLATES

Stress distribution on plates subject t o various loads, with different fixations, can be found in many hand books. It i s especially one load case which has been found useful.

Namely

Simply supported plate subject t o partial uniform load.

Example of application
a.

Wheel loaded plate Container fitting without stiffener beneath etc.

b.

,-

SUBJECT

Date

Page

EFFECTIVE TOP PLATE

5.5
S~gn

HES/ID

No

Determine the effective top plate width for this hatch cover panel. c l a s s :LR

[m

EWF&E

JOP

PLQE

S ~ E

'"'a
SOLUTION --------

B E A ~ ;

i = /SOOO\,~$=~ - 6 *gSoo
GI =2m0
I

,=D~~=
=& ;I
I

BEAM 2:

L -1

SQOO],

4, = (

/POluis ' s F Q wo W ~ ~ C 1iI B W F W ~ I hoPttWT=

-

---

B,= 'Jsoo -

4 5 ~ ~ 3 7 *bZ&=1.380

b ,St
Structural Design
I = the overall length, in metres, of the primary support member, see Fig. 3.3.3, b = the actual width, in metres, of the load-bearing plating, i.e. one-half of the sum of spacings between parallel adjacent members or equivalent supports, t, = the thickness, in mm, of the attached plating. Where this varies, the mean thickness over the appropriate span is to be used,
f = 0.3

Chapter 3
3.2.2 The effective geometric properties of rolled or built sections may be calculated directly from the dimensions of the section and 8ssociated.effective area of attached plating. Alternatively, the curves in the Society's publication Geometric Properties of Rolled Sections and Built Girders may be used. Where the web of the section is not normal to the attached plating, and the angle exceeds 20, the properties of the section are t o be determined about an axis parallel t o the attached plating.
3.2.3 The geometric properties of rolled or built stiffener sections and of swedges are t o be calculated in association with an effective area of attached load bearing plating of thickness 4 mm and of width 600 mm, or 4 0 t mm, whichever is the greater. In no case, however, is the width of plating t o be taken as greater than either the spacing of the stiffeners or the width of flat plating between swedges, whichever is appropriate. The thickness, t,, is the actual thickness of the attached plating. Where this varies, the mean thickness over the appropriate span is to be used. 3.2.4 The effective section modulus of a corrugation over a spacing p is to be calculated from the dimensions and, for symmetrical corrugations, may be taken as:

(i)but is not to exceed 1.0. Values of $,

F.P.

this ;actor are given in Table 3.3.1.

a = end thickness before tho frame space correction h 3 end thickness with the Ira,m spuce correction c. = r n i o s h ~ ~ thickness
Fig. 3.2.2

=*(stp 6000

+ ct.)

cm3

where d,, b, t,, c and tware measured, in mm, and are as shown in Fig. 3.3.1. The value of b is to be taken not greater than 50tD,and 6 is to be not iess than 4 0 . The moment of inenia is to be calculated from:

! Equivalen: mild S : ~ I
1

-7
Plate burl

(0.075~

Fig. 3.3.1

A-A

centre of ahcnncs! mild steel plate

B r length of afterrnos: mild steel plate

3.2.5 The section modulus of a double piare bulkhead over a spacing b may be calculated as:

Fig. 3.2.3

Table 3.3.1

II
0.79 0.30

d, z = -6000 (6fbt, + d,rwl cma

where d,, b , t, and t, are measured, in m m , and are as shown i c Fig. 3.3.2.

0.5 1.O 1.6 2.0 2,s 3.0

0,39
0.48 0.55 O.i
I

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 E ant above

I

NOTE
Inr?-mcd~a:evalues 1: be crt.!a*ned 5k Illear inierpoia!tor

SUSJECT

Dare

iPage5.6

PLATE THEORY

What will the plate bending stresses b e in this deck plate and is i t

acceptab'e*

SOLUTION --------

SUBJECT

Dare

Page
"(0

5.7

PLATE THEORY

9gr.

HESfID

EXAMPLE 3 ---------

Is it needed t o put any reinforcement underneath this conrainer fitting? Container weight 15 T o u ~ e r

I i
I
i

I
I
i I

I
i

i
I

I
i
. I

i
II
I
I

iI
I
I

!I
I

SOLUTION