Register No.

KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
( Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956) Coimbatore 641021 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject : HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Sub. Code : 09BEEE8E1 Year / Sem :IV / VII Maximum : 100 marks Time : 3 Hours Date :

PART-A (20 x 1 = 20 Marks) 1. The Electrical field developed within clouds before a lightning stroke occurs can be of the order of (a) 0.1 kv/cm (b) 1.0 kv/cm (c) 100 kv/cm (d) 10 kv/cm Ans:

2. The maximum voltage gradient at the ground level due to a charged cloud before lightning Strikes, can be as high as (a) 1 v/cm (b) 30 v/cm (c) 30 v/m(d) 300 v/cm Ans:

3. The velocity of wind current required for charge separation inside the moving clouds is of the Order (a) 1 to 5 m/sec (b) 5 to 10 m/sec (c) 10 to 20 m/sec (d) 50 to 200 m/sec 4. Velocity of leader strokes in lightning discharge is about (a) 1.510^5 cm/sec (b) 1.510^6 cm/sec (d) 1.510^8 cm/sec 5. SF6 is a (a)neutral gas (b) electronegative gas (c) ionizes easily to form ions (d) non-attaching gas 6. Ionization coefficients , are functions of (a)applied voltage (b) pressure and temperature (c) electric field (d) ratio of electric field to pressure 7. Time lag for breakdown is (a)time difference between instant of applied voltage and occurrence of breakdown (b) time taken for the voltage to rise before breakdown occurs (c) time required for gas to breakdown under pulse application (d) none of the above Ans : Ans : Ans : (c) 1.510^7 cm/sec Ans: Ans:

8. Streamer mechanism of breakdown explains the phenomena of electrical breakdown of (a)very short spark gaps (b) when pd is less than 1000 torr-cm (c) very long gaps where field is non-uniform (d) spark gaps subjected to impulse voltages 9. Time to front of an impulse voltage form is defined as (a) 1.25 times the interval between 0.1 to 0.9 of peak value (b) Time interval between 0.1 to 0.9 of peak value (c) 1.67 times the interval between 0.1 to 0.9 of peak value (d) 1.25 times the interval between 0.3 to 0.9 of peak value. 10. The approximate value of time to front in an impulse voltage generator is (a) 3 R1 C1 (b) 2.3 R1 C1 (c) 3.0 R1 {[C1 C2]/ [C1+C2]} (d) 0.7 (R1+R2) (C1+C2) 11. An impulse voltage generator has a generator capacitance of 0.01 F load capacitance of 1 F front resistance of R1=110 and tail resistance of R2=400 .The tail time is (a) 40 s (b) 55 s (c) 50 s (d) 10 s 12. The value of charging voltage used in a medium size impulse generator is (a) 10 to 50 kv (b) 50 to 100 kv (c) 500 kv (d) 400 kv 13. Hall generators are normally used to measure (a) Impulse voltage (b) Unidirectional impulse currents (c) Any type of impulse currents (d) Large a.c currents 14. For measuring high impulse currents, the best type of shunt is (a) Squirrel cage (b) Bifilar strip (c) Disc (d) Coaxial tubular (park type) Ans: Ans : Ans: Ans : Ans: Ans: Ans:

15. The skin depth for resistance material used for impulse shunts is given by (a) (f) ^1/2 (b) (f) ^-1/2 (c) 2f (d) 0.5(f) ^-1/2 16. Rogowski coils and high frequency current transformers have bandwidth of About (a) 100 kHz (b) 10 MHz (c) 1.0 MHz (d) 1100 Hz Ans: Ans :

17. The power supply used in resistivity measurements is (a) 110 V (b) 250 V (c) 500 V (d) 500 to 2000 V 18. Loss of charge method is used to determine (a) Insulation resistance (b) Dielectric constant (c) Loss factor-(tan ) (d) Rate of charging of a capacitor 19. The equivalent circuit of a lossy capacitor or dielectric is (a) R-C series circuit (b) L-C series circuit (c) R-C parallel circuit (d) L-C parallel circuit 20. The type of bridge used for low frequency dielectric measurement is (a) Transformer ratio bridge (b) Moles-bridge (c) Shunted Schering-bridge (d) Wagners-bridge PART-B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 21. (a). What are the mechanisms by which lightning strokes develop and induce over voltages on over head power lines? (OR) (b). Write short notes on: (i) Rod gaps used as protective devices (ii) Ground wires for protection of over head lines. 22. (a) Define Townsends first and second ionization coefficients. How is the condition for breakdown obtained in a Townsend discharge ? (OR) (b) Explain the different mechanisms by which breakdown occurs in solid dielectrics in practice. 23. (a) Explain with diagram, different types of rectifier circuits for producing high d.c voltages. (OR) (b) What is Tesla coil? How is damped high frequency oscillations obtained from a Tesla coil? 24. (a) Discuss the different methods of measuring high dc voltages. What are the limitations in each method? (OR) (b). What are the different types of resistive shunts used for impulse current measurement? Discuss their characteristics and limitations. 25. (a) What are the different power frequency tests done on insulators? Mention the procedure for testing. (OR) (b) Explain the importance of RIV measurement for EHV power apparatus Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans :

Register No. :

KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
( Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956) Coimbatore 641021 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject : HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Sub. Code : 09BEEE8E1 Year / Sem :IV / VII Maximum : 100 marks Time : 3 Hours Date :

PART-A (20 x 1 = 20 Marks) 1. The velocity of return or main stroke may be of the order of (a) 0.01 c (b) 0.001 c (c) 0.1 c (d) 0.8 c 2. The peak value of lightning stroke currents are of the order (a) 100 A (b) 1000 A (c) 10 to 100 kA (d) 10^6 A Ans: Ans:

3. The Cumulative probability of a 10 k A lightning stroke current is about (a) 0.6 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.1 (d) 0.98 Ans:

4. The rate of rise of current (di/dt) in lightning strokes is (a) 1 Ka/s (b) 100 Ka/s (c) 100 A/s (d) 1000 Ka /s 5.Electrical Conduction in gases was first studied in 1905 by (a)Loeb (b)Maxwell (c)Townsend (d) Hertz Ans : Ans:

6.According to Townsend Current growth process the current in a uniform electric field gap is

(a)I0 e^-d

(b) I0 e^d

(c) I0 e^d

(d) I0 e^-d

Ans :

7.The Breakdown criterion in a uniform field electrode gap is

(a) -d = 1 (b) = / (1- ) (c) ed = 1 (d) e-d = 1

8.An electronegative gas is one in which (a)positive ions are formed along with electrons (b)the gas has inherent negative charge (c)gas is ionized due to electron bombardment (d)the gases in which electron gets attached to form negative ion

Ans :

Ans :

9. Peak to Peak ripple is defined as (a) The difference between average d.c voltage and peak value (b) The difference between maximum and minimum d, c voltage (c) The difference between maximum A.C and average d.c voltages (d) The difference between a.c and average d.c voltages 10. In a voltage doubler circuit peak to peak ripple is {if C: capacitance, I: Load current, and f: frequency} (a) = (3 if / c) (b) = (2 if / fc) (c) = (3 i / fc) (d) = (I / fc) 11. Optimum number of stages for Cockcroft Walton voltage multiplier circuit is (a) v/ifc (b) ifc/v (c) vf/ic (d) vfc/I Ans: Ans: Ans:

12. A Van de Graaff generator has a belt speed of 2.5 m/sec, charge density of 10c/m2 and a belt width 2 m.The maximum charging current is (a) 50 micro ampere (b) 5 micro ampere (c) 2 micro ampere (d) 12.5 micro ampere 13. A Generating voltmeter is used to measure (a)impulse voltages (b)AC Voltages (c)DC Voltages (d)High frequency AC Voltages 14. A Series capacitance voltmeter can measure (a)DC Voltages (b)AC Voltages(rms value) (c)AC Voltage(peak value) (d)Impulse voltages 15. CVT When tuned does not have (a)ratio error (b)phase angle error (c)both ratio and phase angle errors (d)temperature error 16. Electrostatic voltmeters can measure (a)only DC Voltage (b)both DC and AC voltages up to high frequency (c)impulse voltages (d)AC,DC and impulse voltages 17. Fifty percent flashover voltage is defined as (a) the voltage at which the flashover probability is 0.5 (b) the voltage at which corona discharge appears before flashover Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans:

(c) the voltage at which the flashover occurs alternately when applied several Times (d) the average value of withstand voltage and flashover voltage 18. Standard atmospheric condition as per Indian standard specifications is (a) temp=27c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=17 g/m3 (b) temp=20c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=11 g/m3 (c) temp=27c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=11 g/m3 (d) temp=27c,pressure=1000millibans & humidity=17 g/m3 19. In wet flashover tests the conductivity of water used is (a) 10 1.5 siemens (b) 100 15 siemens at ambient temperature (c) 45 10 siemens at room temperature (d) < 1.0 siemens at 27 20. Most important tests conducted on isolators and circuit breakers are (a) Voltage withstand test (b) Short circuit tests (c) High current tests (d) Temperature rise testing PART-B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 21. (a) What are the causes for switching and power frequency over voltages? How are they controlled in power system? (OR) (b) Explain with suitable figures the principles and functioning of (a) Expulsion gaps (b) Protector tubes. 22. (a) Describe the current growth phenomenon in a gas subjected to uniform electric fields. (OR) (b) What is stressed oil volume theory, how does it explain breakdown in large volumes of commercial liquid dielectrics? 23.(a) Describe with a neat sketch the working of a Van de Graaff generator. What are the factors that limit the maximum voltage obtained? (OR) (b) Give the Marx circuit arrangement for multistage impulse generators. How is the basin arrangement modified to accommodate the wave time control resistance? Ans : Ans : Ans: Ans:

24.(a) . What are the requirements of an oscillograph for impulse and high frequency measurement in high voltage test circuits? (OR) (b) . The H.V arm of an RC divider has 15 numbers of 120 ohms resistors with a 20pF capacitor to ground from each of the junction points. The L.V arm resistance is 5 ohms. Determine the capacitance needed in the L.V arm for correct compensation. 25. (a) Why is synthetic testing advantageous over the other testing methods for short circuit tests? Give the layout for synthetic testing. (OR) (b) What is an operating duty cycle test on a surge arrester? Why is it more significant than other tests?

Register No. :

KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
( Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956) Coimbatore 641021 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject : HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Sub. Code : 09BEEE8E1 Year / Sem :IV / VII Maximum : 100 marks Time : 3 Hours Date :

PART-A (20 x 1 = 20 Marks) 1. The ground flashover density in any region due to lightning activity is about (a) 0.1 to 0.2 TD/km^2-year (b) 1 to 2 TD/km^2-year (d) 5 to 15 TD/km^2-year 2. Surge impedance of loss less transmission line is (a) C/L (b) L/C (c) LC (d) 1/LC Ans: (c) 30 to 50 TD/km^2-year Ans:

3. The attenuation constant of a transmission line in terms all the parameters R, L, G and C is (a) (R/L)+(G/C) (b) [R/L+G/C]^1/2 (c) [R/L+G/C] (d) R/L-G/C 4. The reflection coefficient for a traveling voltage wave at a junction of two impedances Z1 and Z2 is (a) (Z1+Z2)/(Z1-Z2) (b) (Z2-Z1)/(Z2+Z1) (c) 2Z1/(Z1+Z2)(d) 2Z2/(Z1+Z2) 5. Paschens law states that (a)Breakdown voltage is a function of electric field (b)Breakdown voltage is a function of pd (c) and depends on E/p (d)Electronegative gases have high breakdown voltage 6.Minimum sparking potential of Air is about (a)100 V (b)4.4 kV (c)40 V (d)325 V Ans : Ans : Ans: Ans:

7.At standard temperature and pressure the electric field at which breakdown occur in air with a small gap d (cm) is given by (a)30+6.08/d (b)24.2+6.08/d (c) 24.2+6.08/d (d) 30d [1+0.301/d] Ans:

8.For a 1 cm gap in air at 760 mm pressure and 200C temperature the breakdown voltage is (a)24 kV (b)30.3 kV (c)22.92 kV (d)40 kV 9. The nominal rating of a testing transformer in kva is given by (a) 0.5 v2 c (b) V2 c (c) 1.5 v2 c (d) 10 v2 c 10. In testing with a resonant transformer, the output voltage is (a) Rectangular wave (b) Triangular wave (c) Trapezoidal wave (d) Pure sine wave 11. Parallel resonant transformer test system is used when (a) Large test voltages are needed (b) Stable output voltage with high rate of rise of voltage is needed (c) Large current is needed (d) When high frequency test voltage is needed 12. Tesla coil is used for (a) Generation of sinusoidal output voltages (b) Generation of very high voltages (c) Generation of rectangular voltages (d) Generation of high frequency a.c.voltages 13. Sphere gaps are used to measure (a) DC Voltages (b) AC Peak voltages (c) DC, AC Peak and impulse voltages (d) Only DC and AC Peak voltages 14. Sphere gap measurement is linear and valid for gap spacing less than or equal to (a) radius of the sphere (b) Diameter of the sphere (c) Half the radius of sphere (d) Two times diameter of the sphere 15. The main factors that affect the spark over voltage of sphere gap are (a) Humidity and waveform (b) Nearby earthed objects and atmospheric conditions (c) Diameter of the sphere (d) Gap spacing, diameter and wave form Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans :

16. For an RC divider to be compensated the condition is (a) R1C1=R2C2 (b) R1C2=R2C1 (c) R1C1=R2Cg (d) (R1+R2)(C1+C2)< 1 s 17. Fifty percent flashover voltage is defined as (a) the voltage at which the flashover probability is 0.5 (b) the voltage at which corona discharge appears before flashover (c) the voltage at which the flashover occurs alternately when applied several Times (d) the average value of withstand voltage and flashover voltage 18. Standard atmospheric condition as per Indian standard specifications is (a) temp=27c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=17 g/m3 (b) temp=20c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=11 g/m3 (c) temp=27c,pressure=1013millibans & humidity=11 g/m3 (d) temp=27c,pressure=1000millibans & humidity=17 g/m3 19. In wet flashover tests the conductivity of water used is (a) 10 1.5 siemens (b) 100 15 siemens at ambient temperature (c) 45 10 siemens at room temperature (d) < 1.0 siemens at 27c 20. Most important tests conducted on isolators and circuit breakers are (a) Voltage withstand test (b) Short circuit tests (c) High current tests (d) Temperature rise testing Ans : Ans : Ans: Ans: Ans:

PART-B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

21. (a) Explain the different theories of charge formation in clouds. (OR) (b) A three phase single circuit transmission line is 400 km long. If the line is rated for 220 kV and has the parameter, R=0.1 ohms/km, L= 1.26 mH/km, C=0.009F/km and G=0 . Find (a) Surge impedance and (b) the velocity of propagation neglecting the resistance of the line. If the surge of 150 kV and infinitely long tail strikes at one end of the line, what is the time taken for the surge to travel to the other end of the line?

22. (a)(i) Discuss the various mechanisms of vacuum breakdown.(12) (ii)Explain the difference between photo-ionization and photo-electric emission. (4) (OR) (b)What do you understand by intrinsic strength of a solid dielectric? How does breakdown occur due to electrons in a solid dielectric? 23. (a) What is the principle of operation of a resonant transformer? How is it advantageous over the cascade connected transformer? (OR) (b) Explain the different schemes for cascade connection of transformers for producing very high a.c. voltages. 24. (a) Explain the principle and construction of an electrostatic voltmeter for high voltages. What are its merits and demerits for high voltage a.c measurement? (OR) (b) Explain how a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of voltages. What are the parameters and factors that influence such voltage measurement? 25.(a) Explain the method of impulse testing of high voltage transformers. What is the procedure adopted for locating the failure? (OR) (b) What are the significance of power factor tests and partial discharge tests on bushing? How are they conducted in the laboratory?

Register No. :

KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
( Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956) Coimbatore 641021 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject : HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Sub. Code : 09BEEE8E1 Year / Sem :IV / VII Maximum : 100 marks Time : 3 Hours Date :

PART-A (20 x 1 = 20 Marks) 1. A 400 overhead line is connected to a cable having a surge impedance of 50, the transmission coefficient into the cable is (a) 2/9 (b) (c) -16/9 (d) 1/9 Ans:

2. For surge voltage computation a transformer is represented by an equivalent circuit of (a) R-L parallel network (c) R-L Series network (b) R-C parallel network (d) R-L-C Series network Ans:

3. Switching over voltage in power system networks are of the order of (a) 1.5 Pu (c) 10 Pu or more (b) 2.5 to 3.5 pu (d) 10 Pu or more Ans:

4. Overhead transmission lines are protected from lightning over voltages by (a) Counter poise wires (b) Protector tubes (c) Ground or shield wires above the main Conductor (d) Shunt reactors of sphere is (a) 1.0 (b) 3.0 (c) 10 (d)< 1.0 6. The requirement of gases for insulation purpose is (a) (b) (c) high dielectric strength and thermal stability high dielectric strength only high thermal stability Ans : Ans: 5. Corona occurs before the breakdown in a sphere to ground air gap when ratio of gap distance to the radius

(d)

high thermal stability and low temperature condensation

Ans :

7. The mechanism of breakdown in vacuum is due to (a) (b) (c) (d) Particle exchange Field emission Clump formation All of the above (a) less than 30 % (b) 80 to 90 % (c) 40 to 60 % (d) 10 to 90 % 9. A 16 Stage impulse voltage generator has stage capacitance of 0.125 f and a charging voltage of 200 kv. The energy rating in KJ is (a) 40 (b)50 (c)80 (d)640 (b) Parallel Ans: Ans : 10. In an impulse current generator the capacitors are connected in (a) Series (c) connected in parallel while charging and in series while discharging (d) connected in series-parallel while discharging. 11. Multi test kits used in high voltage laboratories consist of (a) a.c,d.c and impulse voltage test units (b) a.c and d.c test units (c) d.c and impulse test units (d) a.c,d.c impulse voltage and current test units 12. Compensated capacitance divider for high voltages (1MV) generally has a bandwidth of (a) 10 MHZ (c)100 MHZ (b) 1 MHZ (d)1000 MHZ Ans: Ans: Ans : Ans :

8. The voltage efficiency of a normal impulse generator for generation of switching impulse

13. In a pure capacitance divider, the ground capacitance Cg is represented by adding additional capacitance from central point of HV capacitor to the ground and is equal to (a) Cg (b) Cg / 3 (c) 2 Cg / 3 (d) Cg / 2 Ans : 14. For an optimally damped R-C divider the damping resistance R1 connected in HV arm is equal to (L= High voltage lead inductance, and Cg=equivalent ground capacitance) (a)4 L/Cg (b) 2L/ Cg (c)L/Cg (d) L/Cg Ans:

15. The Surge impedance of a measuring cable with its resistance neglected, Cg is (if L and C are inductance and capacitance of cable per unit lamp) (a) L/C (b)2L/C (c)2 LC (d)C/L Ans:

16. An R-C voltage divider has HV an arm capacitance C1=600PF, Resistance=400 and equivalent ground capacitance Cg =240 pf.The effective time constant of the divider in neon sec is (a) 108 (b) 90 (c) 69 (d) 32 Ans : 17. Fault location in an HV cable is done by (a) Voltage withstand test (b) Partial discharge scanning tests (c) Life tests (d) Impulse testing 18. In impulse testing of transformers fault location is usually done by (a) Neutral current oscillogram (b) Chopped wave oscillogram (c) Observing for noise or smoke (d) Scanning method 19. The most important test to assert the proper function of a surge diverter is (a) 100% impulse withstand test (b) Front of wave spark over and residual voltage tests (c) Impulse current test (d) Pollution tests 20 . The salt-fog test done on insulators is (a) Impulse test (b) Power frequency pollution test (c) Impulse current test (d) Switching surge test Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans :

PART-B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 21. (a) (i) Show and explain the charges distribution patterns in the cloud following wilsons and simpsons theories. (10) (ii) Explain the importance of switching over voltage in EHV power systems. (6) (OR) (b) (i) Discuss the various protection schemes for overload lines.(10) (ii) What are the causes for switching and power frequency over voltages? How are they controlled in power systems?(6) 22. (a) state why the very high intrinsic strength of solid dielectrics is not fully realized in practice. Discuss in detail any one mechanism of breakdown in solid dielectrics (OR) (b) Define Townsends first and second ionization coefficients. How is the condition for breakdown obtained in a Townsend discharge ? 23. (a) (i) Explain the need for generating high DC voltages.(4) (ii) Draw the circuit of an n-stage Cockroft-Walton circuit for generating very high Dc voltages and explain its operation. Also derive an expression for the ripple content in the output waveform.(12) (OR) (b) (i) Starting from the basic MARX circuit, develop the circuit of a modern multi-stage impulse generator and explain its operation.(10) (ii)Explain tripping of impulse generators.(6) 24.(a) Explain the measurement of very high voltages using sphere gaps. Mention the merits and demerits of using sphere gaps. (OR) (b) Discuss the different methods of measuring high dc voltages. What are the limitations in each method? 25. (a) (i)What are the need for high voltage testing of electrical apparatus?(4) (ii) Discuss in detail the power frequency voltage test withstand on 66kV porcelain insulator.(12) (OR) (b) (i) Explain the need for recording supplymentry oscillograms during impulse testing of transformers. (ii) Give the detailed procedure for impulse voltage withstand test on a 500kVA, 11kV/415 V, delta/star distribution transformer. (12)

Register No. :

KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
( Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956) Coimbatore 641021 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject : HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING Sub. Code : 09BEEE8E1 Year / Sem :IV / VII Maximum : 100 marks Time : 3 Hours Date :

PART-A (20 x 1 = 20 Marks) 1. In order to limit the over voltages developed on ground wires due to lightning strokes, the Tower footing resistance should be less than (a) 1000 of the Order of (a) 1 Pu (c) More than 3.5 Pu (a) Graphite (c) Zinc oxide (a) Silicon carbide (c) Aluminium oxide (e) (f) (g) (h) (e) a. b. c. d. high dielectric strength high are quenching ability it is not environmentally friendly and causes global warming none of the above 6. Transformer oil is Askeral 20 kV/mm 50 kV/mm 3 to 5 kV/mm 30 to 40 kV/mm Ans : (b)silicone oil (c)polyester (d)mineral oil Ans : 7. The breakdown strength of mineral oil is about Ans : (b) Less than 2.0 Pu (d) 2.2 to 3.0 pu (b) Aluminium oxide (d) Silicon carbide (b) Zinc oxide (d) metal oxide Ans: Ans: Ans: (b) 100 (c) 25 (d) 1 Ans: 2. For a typical heavy duty surge arrester, the discharge voltage at rated current will be

3. The material used in gap less surge arresters used in H.V.power system is

4. Material that is used in surge arresters for EHV and UHV power System

SF6 has the following property which is not favorable for use in electrical apparatus

8 .Tan for liquid insulants at 50 Hz should be less than e. 0.1 (b)0.01 (c)0.001 (d)10-6 Ans :

9. Impulse current generator output waveform is (a) Damped oscillatory wave (b) Over damped wave (c) Critically damped wave (d) Can be damped waved or damped oscillatory wave 10. To minimize the inductance in impulse current generator circuits (a) Capacitors are connected in parallel (b) Capacitors are subdivided into smaller units (c) Air core inductors are used in series (d) Discharge path is made into a rectangular path 11. A trigetron gap is used with (a) Cascade transformer units (b) Impulse current generator (c) Impulse voltage generator (d) dc voltage double units 12. A Oscillatory impulse wave form is represented by (a) e-at cos bt (b) e+at cos bt (c) e-at e-bt (d) eat ebt 13. Shunts used for measuring impulse currents in the range 10 KA-50 KA will have a resistance of the order of (a) 10 to 25 m (b) 0.1 to 1 m (c) 100 to 500 m (d) 0.1 to 1.0 14. The type of measuring device preferred for measurement of impulse currents of short duration is (a) Parks tubular shunt (b) Current transformer (c) Hall generator (d) Faraday ammeter 15. Secondary arm of a resistance impulse voltage divider consists of (a) a few resistors connected in series (b) a few resistors connected in parallel (c) a single wire wound resistor of very high power rating (d) a linear resistor in parallel with a non-linear resistor of high power rating Ans : Ans : Ans: Ans : Ans: Ans: Ans:

16. High D.C Voltages are usually measured by connecting a very high (a) Resistance in series with a micro ammeter (b) Resistance in parallel (c) Resistance in parallel with a micro ammeter (d) Resistance in series 17. C-tan test on electric bushings is done using (a) Impulse generator (b) High voltage Schering bridge (c) Power frequency cascade transformer unit (d) Resonant transformer 18. In C-tan test, a steep increase in tan , when the applied voltage increases from 100 % to 110 % indicates (a) insulation is failing (b) presence of an internal discharge (c) increase in relative permittivity (d) Decrease in insulation resistance 19. Impulse testing of transformers indicates (a) Winding to ground insulation strength (b) Winding to winding insulation strength (c) Dielectric strength, quantity of insulation and processing (d) Induced voltage in other windings during transients 20. A better method to detect fault during impulse testing is to (a) Observe the windings after tests (b) Record more number of test oscillograms of currents and voltages (c) Use digital recording of wave forms (d) Analyses the waveforms using waveform analysis techniques such as transfer function techniques Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans :

PART-B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 21. (a). Write short notes on: (i) Rod gaps used as protective devices (ii) Ground wires for protection of over head lines. (OR) (b) What are the causes for switching and power frequency over voltages? How are they controlled in power system? 22. (a) Explain the different mechanisms by which breakdown occurs in solid dielectrics in practice. (OR) (b) Describe the current growth phenomenon in a gas subjected to uniform electric fields.

23. (a) Explain the different schemes for cascade connection of transformers for producing very high a.c. voltages. (OR) (b) What is Tesla coil? How is damped high frequency oscillations obtained from a Tesla coil? 24. (a) . What are the requirements of an oscillograph for impulse and high frequency measurement in high Voltage test circuits? (OR) (b) Discuss the different methods of measuring high dc voltages. What are the limitations in each method? 25. (a) What is an operating duty cycle test on a surge arrester? Why is it more significant than other tests? (OR) (b)What are the significance of power factor tests and partial discharge tests on bushing? How are they?