Bohr: assumed that emission or absorption of light by atoms involved in transitions b/w energy lvls of the atom &

the frequency of the light was related to the energy diff b/w lvls predicted frequency of light absorbed or emitted by the atom. his model predicted discrete energy lvls in atoms Rutherford: planetary model of an atom observed alpha particles passing thru gold foil De Broglie: postulated that the motion of an electron in an atom could be described as a circular standing wave relation; asserts that a particle moving w/ momentum p can behave as if it were a wavelength; the origin of wave-particle duality Heisenberg indeterminacy principle: when we measure 2 properties, A & B; product of which has dimensions of action, we will get a spread of results for each identified by A & B that will satisfy (A)(B) > h/4 Born-Oppenheimer Approximation: recognizes that because the nuclei are much more massive than the electrons (mass of protons is 1836x mass of electrons), the nuclei in molecules will move much more slowly than the electrons A) consider the nuclei to be fixed at a specific set of positions -solve schrodingers for electrons moving around fixed nuclei & obtain the allowed quantized energy levels & wave functions for the electrons -move nuclei a bit, repeat calculations & continue until all reasonable value of the nuclear positions have been covered B) consider the function obtained in (A) to be the attractive portion of the PE function for interactions b/w the nuclei in molecules -add it to the repulsive interaction between the nuclei to obtain the effective PE curve at each position of the nuclei, Koopmanss approximation: ionization energy of an electron is the negative of the energy of the orbital in which the electron is bound Pauli exclusion principle: no 2 electrons in an atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers Hunds rules: when electrons are added to the Hartree orbitals of equal energy, a single electron enters each orbital before a second one enters any orbital VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion) Theory: predicts the 3D shapes of molecules Valence Bond (VB) Theory: electrons are viewed as localized either b/w particular pairs of atoms or as lone pairs on atoms; developed by Heitler&London blackbody radiation: electromagnetic radiation emitted from an idealized dark-colored solid with which is in equilibrium with the radiation lone pairs: no contribution to bond Raman scattering: inelastic light scattering Boltzmann distribution: fraction of total # of molecules in a particular level with energy flourescene: emission from transitions of states with some spin phosphorscene: transitions of different spins Fermi level: uppermost e occupied or half occupied level rectification: conversion of alternating current into direct current paramagnetic: unpaired electrons diamagnetic: all electrons paired Rigid Rotor: approximation is that when it is rotating, the length between two mass does not change Harmonic oscillator: approximation states that it does not go beyond the capable length of harmonic motion doping: a process where certain other elements are added to pure silicon, it acquires interesting electronic properties band theory of solids: explains the 3 broad classes of electronic conductivity seen in nature in terms of the number density of charge carriers available in classes of solids MALDI: matrix associated laser desorption ionization elpot: electrostatic potential energy diagram SN: steric number LASER: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation MASER: microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation LEED: low energy electron diffraction SCF: self consistent field PES: photoelectron spectroscopy MOs: molecular orbitals AOs: atomic orbitals LCAO: linear combination of atomic orbitals BTX: benzene-toluene-xylene HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital shorter