MASTER QUESTION BANK

Chapter 1: Homeostasis The Foundation of Physiology

1. What is a human body making of?
a. It makes of DNA
b. It makes of Chromosome cells division.
c. It makes of a complex combination of specific atoms and molecules.
d. All of the above are correct.

2. What is a homeostasis?
a. Maintenance of a dynamic steady state in the internal environment.
b. Negative-feedback system that helps regulated the body function.
c. Positive-feedback system that helps regulated the body function.
d. (b) and (c) are correct.

Chapter 5: The Central Nervous System

1. The largest portion of the brain (80% of its mass) is the:
a. Cerebellum.
b. Cerebrum.
c. Hypothalamus.
d. Basal ganglia.

2. Parkinsons disease is caused by loss of neurons that secret the neurotransmitter.
a. Ach.
b. Norepinephrine.
c. GABA.
d. Dopamine.

Chapter 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

1. Rods and cones are responsible for:
a. Rods responsible for high-sensitivity, black-and-white, and night vision.
b. Cones responsible for high acuity, color, and day vision.
c. Rods and cones responsible for the something.
d. (a) and (b) are correct.

2. The afferent division of Peripheral Nervous System carries information from:
a. Axon to Brain stem.
b. Internal and external environment to the Central Nervous System.
c. Central Nervous System to the internal and external environment.
d. Central Nervous System to autonomic system.



Chapter 9: Cardiac Physiology

1. The 3 basic components of the circulatory are:
a. Heart, valves, and blood.
b. Heart, pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation.
c. Heart, blood vessel, and blood.
d. (a) and (b) are correct.

2. The sound Lub and Dup is referring to what sound?
a. Lub is the closure sound of the AV valves.
b. Lub is the sound of vertical contraction.
c. Dub is the sound of Atrium contraction.
d. Dub is the closure sound of the semilunar valves.
e. (a) and (d) are correct.

Chapter 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

1. What is a systolic pressure?
a. The peak pressure when blood is draining.
b. The peak pressure when blood is ejected.
c. The minimum pressure when blood is draining.
c. The minimum pressure when blood is ejected.

2. What happen during vasoconstriction?
a. Increase contraction of circular smooth muscle.
b. Increase resistance.
c. Decreases the blood flow.
d. All of the above.

Chapter 13: The Urinary System

1. Kidney are primarily responsible for maintaining:
a. ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity (solute concentration).
b. ECF volume and osmolarity (solute concentration).
c. ICF volume, water and salt.
d. (b) and (c) are correct.

2. How much of water are filtered per day?
a. 5 gallons per day.
b. 15 gallons per day.
c. 35 gallons per day.
d. 47 gallons per day.




Five Questions for Each One of These Chapters
(Bold faces are correct answer)

Chapter 12: The Respiratory System

1. Respiratory system work with the CVS to exchange gases between:
a. The air and blood (external respiration)
b. The blood and tissue fluids (internal respiration)
c. The lung and alveolar sac.
d. (a) and (b) are correct.

2. Pharynx is part of the respiratory system and consist of:
a. Throat.
b. Sound box.
c. Nasal cavity.
d. Wind pipe.

3. What is a spirometer?
a. It allows measurement of the amount of gas exchange.
b. It allows measurement of the components of air during breathing.
c. It allows measurement of oxygen.
d. It allows measurement of carbon dioxide.

4. What cause the air to come into the alveoli?
a. Negative pressure.
b. Positive pressure.
c. Atmosphere pressure.
d. Partial pressure.

5. Internal respiration is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide from:
a. Diffusion oxygen from systemic capillaries into tissue fluid and diffusion carbon
dioxide from tissue fluid into systemic capillaries.
b. Diffusion oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries and diffusion carbon dioxide
from pulmonary capillaries into alveoli.
d. Diffusion oxygen from tissue fluid into systemic capillaries and diffusion carbon
dioxide from systemic capillaries into tissue fluid.

Chapter 15: The Digestive System

1. The process of digestive system is to:
a. Transferring urine from kidney to urinary bladder.
b. Transferring nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the external environment to
the internal environment.
c. Transferring enzyme from stomach to intestine.
d. (b) and (c) are correct.



2. The digestive tract wall is consisting of how many layers?
a. Two layers (mucosa and submucosa).
b. Three layers (mucosa, submucosa and muscularis external).
c. Four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis external and serosa).
d. Five layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis external, serosa, and longitudinal muscle).

3. Small intestine is reabsorption of:
a. Salt and water, converting contents to feces.
b. All nutrients, most electrolytes and water.
c. Waste product, water, plasma and salt.
d. All of the above.

4. What are the basic processes of digestive?
a. Motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption.
b. Motility and digestion.
c. Secretion and absorption.
d. Transferring and delivering the waste product.

5. Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
a. Begins digestion of carbohydrate.
b. Facilitates speech.
c. Facilitates absorption of glucose across the oral mucosa.
d. Exerts an antibacterial effect.
e. Play an important role in oral hygiene.

Chapter 17: The Endocrine System

1. What is a goiter?
a. It is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.
b. It is an enlargement of the larynx.
c. It is a bulging eyes.
d. It is an abnormal of eye ball.

2. Endocrine system is especially important in regulate of:
a. Organic metabolism.
b. Water and electrolyte balance.
c. Growth and reproduction and in helping the body cope with stress.
d. All of the above.

3. The hypothalamus is a portion of:
a. Portion of brain that secretes 2 peptide hormones.
b. Portion of brain that secretes 4 peptide hormones.
c. Portion of brain that secretes 6 peptide hormones.
d. Portion of brain that secretes of 9 peptide hormones.




4. Thyroid hormone secretion is regulated by what factors?
a. Negative-feedback system between hypothalamic TRH, anterior pituitary TSH and
thyroid gland T3 and T4.
b. Positive-feedback system between hypothalamic TRH, anterior pituitary TSH
and thyroid gland T3 and T4.
c. Homeostasis system between hypothalamic TRH, anterior pituitary TSH and thyroid
gland T3 and T4.
d. All of the above.

5. The primary stimulus for increased adrenomedullary secretion is:
a. The activation of the sympathetic system by stress.
b. The activation of the parasympathetic system by stress.
c. The activation of the central nervous system by stress.
d. The activation of the peripheral nervous system by stress.

Chapter 18: The Reproductive System

1. Which of these is not a function of male reproductive?
a. Production of sperms.
b. Deliver of sperms.
c. Reception of sperms.
d. (b) and (c) are correct.

2. What is a prostate gland?
a. The alkaline fluid for neutralizing the acidic vaginal secretions.
b. Produce the sperms.
c. Store the sperms.
d. All of the above.

3. The similarity of females and males sexual cycle are:
a. Ejaculate.
b. Produce egg.
c. Having excitation, plateau, orgasmic and resolution phases.
d. All of the above.

4. Which one of these is not part of testes regulated?
a. The anterior pituitary hormones.
b. The luteinizing hormone (LH).
c. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
d. The posterior pituitary hormones.

5. When the corpus luteum degenerates:
a. Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone rapidly decline.
b. FSH and LH secretion start to rise as the inhibitory effects of the gonadal steroids are
withdrawn.
c. The endometrium sloughs off.
d. All of the above.

Questions for Final
1. What is asthma?
2. What does COPD stand for? Define it.
3. How much do the lungs normally operate?
4. Each lung surrounded by_______________
5. Internal respiration encompasses the intracellular metabolic reactions that use______
and produce_________ during energy-yielding oxidation of nutrient molecules.
a. H2O
b. CO3
c. CO2
d. OH
e. O2
6. What are the basic digestive processes?
7. What does primary function of the digestive system do?
8. What are the organs that making up the digestive system?
9. Is mucosa one of the four major tissue layers in the digestive tract? T/F
10. _______the liters of saliva are secreted per day.
a. 1 to 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 1
e. 1 to 2
11. Which is plasma concentration of a hormone regulated by?
12. The responsiveness of a target cell can be varied by regulating the number of
hormone-specific receptor? T/F
13. Antagonism occurs when the actions of several hormones are complementary and
their combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects. T/F
14. With permissiveness, 2 hormones must be present in adequate amounts for the full
exertion of another hormonets eIIect. T/E
15. Hormone secretion rates are not the only factor in the body that fluctuate cyclically
over_______ period.
a. 12 hours
b. 7 hours
c. 1 hour
d. 24 hours
e. 23 hours
16. What does the reproductive system include?
17. Reproduction depends on the union of male gametes. T/F
18. What are the essential reproductive functions of the male?
19. Where is the vaginal opening located?
20. What is gametogenesis?
21. What is physiology? Is it closely interrelated with anatomy?
22. Four factors of the internal environment that must be homestatically maintained
23. Memory traces are present in multiple regions of the brain. T/F
24. The brain stem consists
a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Midbrain
d. A, B, and C
e. A and B
25. Iris controls______
a. The amount of light entering the eye
b. The amount of light getting out the eye
c. The amount of pressure entering the eye
d. The amount of water entering the eye
26. CNS and ECF stand for?
27. The heart alternately contracts to full and relaxes to drop. T/F
28. The average resting heart rate is 70 beats. T/F
29. What is tsystolic pressuret?
30. Hypertension is_______
a. Normal
b. High
c. Low
d. None of these
31. Each kidney consists_______ microscopic functional units known as nephrons, which
are bound together by_____.
a. 1 million and muscle
b. 200,000 and connective tissue
c. 300,000 and connective tissue
d. 1 million and connective tissue
e. None of these
32. Potassium secretion in ______ and ________ is coupled to Na+ reabsorption by the
energy dependent basolateral Na+ -K+ pump.
a. Distal and collecting tubules
b. Kidney and distal
c. Collecting tubules and kidney
d. Liver and distal
--5 QUESTIONS/CHAPTER
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. The digestive system includes the digestive tract and its accessory organs, which process food
into ________ that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body.
A. packages
B. enzymes
C. molecules
D. fluids

2. The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, ________, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
and large intestine.
A. liver
B. larynx
C. pancreas
D. pharynx

3. ________begins in the mouth with chewing or mastication and continues with churning and
mixing actions in the stomach.
A. Ingestion
B. Mechanical digestion
C. Chemical digestion
D. Absorption
4. The movements that propel the food particles through the digestive tract are called ________.
A. peristalsis
B. rhythm
C. mastication
D. hydrolysis

5. Functions of the large intestine include the absorption of water and electrolytes and
________.
A. detoxification
B. the absorption of fats
C. the absorption of the nutrients
D. the elimination of feces

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
6 . Endocrine cells responding directly to changes in the composition of the extracellular
fluid is an example of:
A. a hypothalamic control mechanism
B. a reflex arc
C. a neural reflex
D. all of the above
-- E. none of the above

7 . The hypothalamus is a major coordinating and control center because:
-- A. it contains autonomic centers and acts as an endocrine organ
B. it stimulates appropriate responses by peripheral target cells
C. it stimulates responses to restore homeostasis
D. it initiates endocrine and neural reflexes
E. none of the above

8 . The protein hormone FSH in the male is responsible for:
A. the male doesn't secrete FSH
B. production of interstitial cells in the male
-- C. sperm formation and testosterone secretion
D. none of the above

9. The inability to tolerate stress due to underproduction of glucocorticoids results in a
syndrome called:
A. Cushing's disease
-- B. Addison's disease
C. eunuchoidism
D. myxedema
E. none of the above

10. The posterior pituitary secretes:
-- A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
B. melanocyte-stimulating and luteinizing hormone
C. thyroid-stimulating and adrenocorticotropic hormone
D. growth hormone and prolactin
E. none of the above

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
11. The ________ system functions for the survival of the species.
A. digestive
B. urinary
C. endocrine
-- D. reproductive

12. The primary reproductive organs, also called gonads, are ________, which are responsible
for producing the egg and sperm cells.
A. male and female accessory glands
-- B. the ovaries and testes
C. the male duct system and female genital tract
D. the male and female external genitalia

13. Functionally, the mammary glands produce milk; structurally, they are modified
________.
A. pituitary gland
B. thyroid gland
C. adrenal glands
D. sweat glands

14. The final step in the development of sperm is called ________.
-- A. spermiogenesis
B. spermatogenesis
C. oogenesis
D. spermatogonia

15. Sperm complete their maturation process and become fertile as they move through the
________.
-- A. epididymis
B. ductus deferens
C. ejaculatory duct
D. urethra

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
16 . The primary functions of the respiratory system is (are):
A. to provide an area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood
B. to protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration and environmental variations
C. to move air to and from the exchange surfaces
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

17 . Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid secretion produced by alveolar cells to:
A. reduce the cohesive force of H2O molecules and lower surface tension
B. reduce the attractive forces of O2 molecules and increase surface tension
C. increase the surface area of the alveoli
D. increase the cohesive force of air molecules and raise surface tension
E. none of the above

18. The "patrol force" of the alveolar epithelium involved with phagocytosis is comprised
primarily of:
A. alveolar cytotoxic cells
B. alveolar plasma cells
C. alveolar NK cells
D. alveolar macrophages
E. none of the above

19. The respiratory system consists of structures that:
A. permit vocalization and production of other sounds
B. provide defense from pathogenic invasion
C. regulate blood volume and pressure
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

20. The difference between the true and false vocal cords is that the false vocal cords: are
involved with the production of sound
A. play no part in sound production
B. articulate with the laryngeal cartilages
C. are highly elastic
D. none of the above

--3 QUESTIONS/CHAPTER
RENAL SYSTEM
21. The basic functional unit in the kidney is the:
A.nephron
B.glomerulus
C.Bowman's capsule
D.loop of Henle
E.none of the above

22 . In a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes:
A.loop of Henle, collecting duct, and papillary duct
B.collecting tubule, collecting duct, and papillary duct
C.renal corpuscle, renal tubule, and renal pelvis
D.proximal and distal convoluted tubules and loop of Henle
E.none of the above
23 . The three processes involved in urine formation are:
A.regulation, elimination, and micturition
B.filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
C.cotransport, countertransport, and facilitated diffusion
D.diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
E.none of the above

CARDIO/BLOOD VESSELS
24 . The "double pump" function of the heart includes the right side, which serves as the
_______ circuit pump, while the left side serves as the _______ pump. [Hint]
A.pulmonary; hepatic portal
B.pulmonary; systemic
C.hepatic portal; cardiac
D.systemic; pulmonary
E.none of the above

25. The visceral pericardium, or epicardium, covers the:
A.inner surface of the heart
B.outer surface of the heart
C.vessels in the mediastinum
D.endothelial lining of the heart
E.none of the above

26. Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the _______; semilunar valves
prevent backflow into the:
A.ventricles; atria
B.atria; ventricles
C.lungs; systemic circulation
D.capillaries; lungs
E.none of the above

NERVES SYSTEM

27.What are the two anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?
A. the afferent division and the efferent division
B. the central and the peripheral nervous systems
C. the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

2 8.This type of cell maintains the bloodt'brain barrier, creates a 3-D framework for the central
nervous system, and performs repairs in damaged neural tissue. What are these cells? [Hint]
A. oligodendrocytes
B. astrocytes
C. ependymal cells
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

29. This type of cell removes cell debris, wastes, and pathogens. What are they?
A. oligodendrocytes
B. microglia
c. ependymal cells
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

HOMEOSTATIS
30. Which of these is not an example of homeostasis
A. blood sugar level
B. water content of body
C. body temperature
D. height of body

31. Homeostasis' means keeping conditions inside the body constant. Which one of these is an
example of homeostasis?
A. controlling the emptying of the bladder
B. controlling the temperature of the body
C. controlling hand movement when touching a hot object
D. controlling the amount of light entering the eye

32. 6. A homeostatic imbalance:
A. must be restored by negative feedback mechanisms
B. is considered the cause of most diseases
C. is when the internal conditions of the body become more stable
D. only occur when positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed
Respiratory System Chapter 12
1. When do the alveoli develop in lungs in humans?
a. During the first 1 or 2 years of life
b. In the 1-5 weeks of pregnancy
c. Between 3 and 5 years of age
d. During the last 6 weeks of pregnancy
2. One of the primary functions of the alveoli is to create a large surface area in the lungs.
Why is a large surface area so important?
a. For energy storage
b. To remove toxins from the blood
c. To store oxygen for the future use
d. For gas exchange
3. Asthma is caused by decreased airflow in and out of the lungs due to:
a. Small abnormalities in airways
b. Reversible bronchial spasms
c. Destruction of alveolar wall
d. Allergic reaction in lung tissue
4. Which of the following is/are activated during passage through the lungs?
a. prostaglandins
b. angiotensin II
c. intrapleural fluid
d. epinephrine
5. What permits the process of collateral ventilation ?
a. the bronchioles
b. the diaphragm
c. the pleural sac
d. the pores of Kohn
Digestive System Chapter 15
1. The basic steps in the digestive process are
a. motility-secretion-digestion-excretion
b. motility-secretion-absorption-excretion
c. motility-secretion-digestion-absorption
d. motility-digestive-secretion-excretion
2. What prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing?
a. the uvula
b. the epiglottis
c. the larynx
d. the bolus
3. To prevent serious cell malfunction, the core temperature must be constant at about
a. 97E
b. 98E
c. 99E
d. 100)
4. satiety signals that tell you when to end a meal include:
a. increased glucose use,
b. increased insulin
c. increased cholecystokinin
d. all of these above
5. What organs provide the digestive enzyme cymotrypsin?
a. the liver
b. the exocrine pancreas
c. the small intestine
d. the large intestine
Endocrine System Chapter 17
1. What type of hormones is transported in the blood as free, unbound hormones?
a. catecholamine
b. thyroid hormones
c. steroids
d. peptides
2. Growth hormone is a part of which area of the brain?
a. posterior pituitary gland
b. anterior pituitary gland
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
3. What are the categories of steroid hormones that adrenal cortex secretes?
a. mineralocorticoids
b. glucocorticoids
c. adrenal sex hormones
d. all of these above
4. Which of the following is true of the glucagons?
a. enhances ketogenesis
b. enhances formation of hepatic protein
c. decreases hepatic glucose production
d. increases glycogen synthesis
5. In negative-feedback fashion, calcitonin is secreted in response to
a. fall in plasma Ca concentration
b. increase in plasma Ca concentration
c. enhance in reabsorption of filtered in Ca
d. reduce in reabsorption of filtered in Ca
Reproductive System Chapter 18
1. Reproductive system is
a. aimed toward homeostasis
b. necessary for survival of an individual
c. essential for survival of the species
d. none of these above
2. What are the essential female reproductive functions?
a. production of ova
b. reception of sperm
c. transport of the sperm and ovum to a common site for union
d. all of these above
3. Bulbouretheral glands secrets of
a. a mucuslike substance that provides lubrication for sexual intercourse
b. an alkaline fluid that neutralized he acidic vaginal secretions
c. prostaglandins
d. fibrinogen
4. Sexual response cycle encompasses broader physiologic response that can be divided into
what phases?
a. excitement and plateau
b. orgasmic and resolution
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of these above
5. The placenta performs the functions of what organs?
a. digestive system
b. respiratory system
c. kidneys system
d. all of these above
Homeostasis Chapter 1
1. Which of the following is the proper progression of the levels of organization in the
body?
a. chemicals, cells, organs, tissues, body systems, whole body
b. chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
c. chemicals, cells, tissues, body systems, organs, whole body
d. cells, chemicals, tissues, organs, whole body, body systems
2. Which body system contributes to homeostasis by preventing the body from losing
internal fluid?
a. the circulatory system
b. the immune system
c. the integumentary system
d. the endocrine system
The Central Nervous System Chapter 5
1. Alzheimers disease is the thought to be caused by a loss of CNS neurons that release the
neurotransmitter called
a. acetylcholine
b. dopamine
c. norepinephrine
d. serotonin
2. The basal ganglia of the brain function in the
a. Perception of auditory and visual stimuli
b. Control of voluntary movements
c. Relay of sensory and motor information
d. Synthesis and release of important regulation hormones
The Peripheral Nervous System Chapter 6
1. Which statement about parasympathetic neurons is false?
a. like sympathetics, they travel within spinal nerve
b. they synapse in terminal ganglia
c. they originate in the brain or sacral spinal cord regions
d. postganglionic fibers are usually shorter than those of sympathetic neurons
2. The conversion of stimuli information into action potentials by afferent neurons is called:
a. modulation
b. stimulation
c. perception
d. transduction
Cardiac Physiology Chapter 9
1. Which of the following is the proper sequence of cardiac excitation?
a. SA node :bundle oI His: AV node: Purkinje Iibers
b. SA node:$9QRGH:EXQGOHRI+LV:3XUNLQje fibers
c. AV node: SA node: bundle oI His: Purkinje Iibers
d. AV node: bundle oI His: SA node: Purkinje Iibers
2. Oxygenated blood from the lungs first enters the
a. right ventricle
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. left atrium
The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Chapter 10
1. Which statement is not the description of arteriolar vasodilation?
a. expansion of arteriolar caliber above arterioles caliber above tonic level
b. increase resistance
c. decrease resistance
d. increase blood flow through the vessels
2. Regulation of mean arterial pressure depends on control of
a. cardiac output
b. total peripheral resistance
c. stroke volume
d. (a) and (b)
The Urinary System Chapter 13
1. In which regions of the tubule does the filtrate become more dilute?
a. descending Loop of Henle
b. ascending Loop of Henle
c. medullary CD
d. late DCT
2. Fluid can passed to what layers of the glomerular membrane
a. wall of glomerular capillaries
b. basement membrane
c. inner layer of the Bowmans capsule
d. all of these above


Chapter 15:

1. The digestive tract wall has _________ layers:
a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
e) 1
Ans: c
2. The outer connective tissue covering of the digestive tract is known as:
a) serosa
b) muscularis externa
c) mucosa
d) submucosa
e) none of the above
Ans: a
3. T or F - Intrinsic factor is essential for absorption of Vit. B12
Ans: T
4. The opening of the bile duct is guarded by:
a) gallbladder
b) sphincter of oddi
c) sinusoids
d) none
Ans: b
5. Which of the ff is not a function of saliva?
a) plays an important role in oral hygiene
b) facilitates speech
c) begins digestion of carbohydrates
d) facilitates absorption of glucose across the oral mucosa
Ans: d

Chapter 17:

1. T or F - The endocrine system consists of the ductless endocrine glands that are scattered
throughout the body.
Ans: T
2. T or F - Vasopressin is a diuretic hormone.
Ans: F
3. Hypothyroidism is caused by:
a) Grave's disease
b) elevated basal metabolic rate
c) failure of thyroid gland
d) inadequate supply of iodine
e) both c and d
Ans: e
4. Thyroid hormone secretion is regulated by:
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
c) both negative and positive feedback
d) none of the above
5. T or F - Insulin is a catabolic hormone
Ans: F

Chapter 12:

1. The average value of tidal volume under resting condition is:
a) 250 ml
b) 600 ml
c) 300 ml
d) 500 ml
e) 350 ml
Ans: d
2. This is the maximum value of air that the lungs can hold
a) inspiratory capacity
b) functional residual capacity
c) total lung capacity
d) residual volume
e) none of the above
Ans: c
3. Characterized by blueness of skin resulting from insufficiently oxygenated blood in the
arteries.
a) hypocapnia
b) hypoxia
c) cyanosis
d) respiratory arrest
e) suffocation
Ans: c
4. T or F - A person suffering from dyspnea forgets to breath.
Ans: F
5. The 2 forces that keeps the alveoli open are:
a) transmural pressure gradient
b) pulmonary surfactant actin
c) both a & b
d) none
Ans: c

Chapter 18

1. Parturition is accomplished by?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
c) negative and positive feedbacks
d) none
Ans: b
2. Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced by:
a) hypothalamus
b) medulla
c) cerebellum
d) cerebral cortex
e) none
Ans: a
3. T or F - Blastocyst is a "double-layer" hallow ball?
Ans: F
4. Detection of ________________ in the urine is the basis of pregnancy diagnosis tests.
a) HCG
b) follicular stimulating hormone
c) protein
d) glucose
e) none
Ans: a
5. Reproductive system includes the ff except:
a) gonads
b) reproductive tract
c) accessory sex glands
d) none
Ans: d

Chapter 13

1. T or F - Potassium secretion is controlled by aldosterone
Ans: T
2. Which of the ff filtered substance is not normally present in the urine?
a) sodium
b) urea
c) glucose
d) hydrogen
Ans: c

Chapters 9 & 10

1. T or F - The ventricles and atria each act as a functional syncytium.
Ans: T
2. T or F - The heart lies in the left half of thoracic cavity.
Ans: F
3. T or F - The capillaries contain only 5% of the total blood volume.
Ans: T
4. T or F - More blood flows through capillaries during cardiac systole than diastole
Ans: F

Chapters 5 & 6

1. This is part of the brain responsible for balance.
a) cerebellum
b) hypothalamus
c) cerebral cortex
d) medulla
e) none
Ans: a
2. The brain stem consists of:
a) pons
b) medulla
c) midbrain
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Ans: d

Chapter 6
1. T or F - Tympanic membrane vibrates in unison with sound waves in the external ear.
Ans: T
2. The ______________controls the size of the pupil.
a) sclera
b) cornea
c) rods and cones
d) iris
e) none of the above
Ans: d

Chapter 1

1. T or F - In addition to basic cell function, each cell in a multicellular organism performs a
specialized function.
Ans: T
2. T or F - Exocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.
Ans: F



Digestive System
1) All of the following as true about gallstones EXCEPT
A. They form in the gallbladder.
B. They form from precipitate bile.
C. They can block passage of material out of the gallbladder.
D. They formed from precipitated cholesterol.
2) Microvilli are present on the columas epithelial cells which line the small intestine to
A. Void in movement of food particles through the intestine.
B. Increase the surface area available for absorption.
C. Protect the cell from the digestive enzymes
D. Protect the cell from the acidic conditions.
3) Monosaccharides are asorbed from the small intestine into
A. the villi and then into the capillaries
B. capillaries directly
C. lacteal
D. large intestine
4) Fatty acids are absorbed from the intestine into
A. the villi and then into the capillaries
B. the villi, from clusters called chylomicrons, and then into lacteal
C. lacteal
D. large intestine
5) In the stomach,
A. the majority of digestion occur
B. proteins are denatured due to the acidic conditions
C. all the food material is rapidly removed to the small intestine
D. Indigestible material is degraded.
Endocrine System
1. The production of parathyroid hormone is turned down by
A. low concentration of Ca+ in extracellular fluids
B. high concentration of Ca+ in extracellular fluids
C. high concentration of PO4+ in extracellular fluids
D. high concentration of PO4+ in kidney
2. Production and secretion of thyrotropin releasing hormone(THR) will lead to all of the
following EXCPT
A. a change in the metabolic rates of cells
B. production of the thyroid stimulating hormone by the thyroid gland
C. secretion of thyroxin by the thyroid gland
D. decreased production of THR by neurons in the hypothalamus.
3. the role of insulin is to
A. bind directly to glucose
B. prevent cells from taking in glucose
C. allow cells to take in glucose
D. monitor the levels of glucose to regulate glucose utilization
4. Several hour after a meal
A. the glucose levels will still be high so the beta cell will continue to secrete insulin
B. the glucose levels will be low so the beta cell will no longer secrete insulin
C. insulin will continue to stimulate the cells to take in glucose
D. the glucose levels will be low so the alpha cells will continue to secrete insulin
5. Epinephrine is secreted from the
A. liver
B. adrenal medulla
C. adrenal cortex
D. hypothalamus
Respiratory system
1. the site of gas exchange is the
A. nasal cavity
B. bronchiole
C. diaphragm
D. alveolus
2. Gas exchange readily occurs between the alveoli and the adjacent capillaries because
A. there are specific pores to allow these gases to occur
B. energy is used to pump the gases
C. of the thin walls of the alveolus and the capillaries
D. the membranes are impermeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen
3)Branchin of the respiratory tree can first be seen when
A) the trachea branches into the two bronchi
B) the bronchus branches into the many bronchioles
C) bronchioles become alveoli
D) the larynx meets the trachea
3. At the respiratory membrane,
A. RBCs in the capillaries give up their oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide
B. Lung cells in the alveolus give up their oxygen to the RBCs in the capillary
C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen pass freely in both directions
D. RBCs in the capillary give up carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen
4. When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the lungs expand , and air enters. What
stops this process
A. the intercostal muscle contract
B. the pressure of the air inside the lungs and outside the body reach equilibrium.
C. The diaphragm relaxes
D. The ribs descend
5. the mechanism behind breathing involves
A. changing the pressure in the thoracic cavity to change the volume
B. using the intercostal muscle to push air into the lunges
C. filling the diaphragm with air
D. changing the volume of the thoracic cavity to change the pressure
Reproductive system
1. successful spermatogenesis of a single germ cell gives rise to
A. two haploid sperm
B. two diploid sperm
C. four haploid sperm
D. four diploid sperm
2. the glands of the uterus produce glycoproteins
A. before ovulation
B. during the proliferative phase
C. if fertilization does not occur
D. during the secretory phase
3. Boh luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone are produced
a. at equal levels throughout the female reproductive cycle
b. by the pituitary gland
c. by the thyroid gland
d. by the uterine gland
4. ovulation is triggerd by
a. an increase in the FSH level
b. an increase in the LH level
c. a decrease in the LH level
d. completion of the meiosis2
5. the formation of the polar bodies is to
a. take up most of the cytoplasm during division so the developing ocyte can be as compact
as possible
b. serve as embryonic nutrition should fertilization occur
c. serve as a repository for excess chromosomes during meiosis
d. cushion the developing oocyte from jostling during preganancy
Renal
1) the membrane across which filtration occurs in the kidney is
a. endothelial- capsular membrane
b. epithelial membrane
c. glomerular membrane
2)the loop of henle is crucial to kidney function because
a)it supplies the blood to the kidney cells
b)it is the point of exit from the kidney
c) the loop provides the energy for the function of the kidneys
d) it provides the crucial countercurrent arrangement needed to concentrate the urine
Cardio
1. ejection phase
a. right ventricle contract and squaze blood to pulmonary artery
b. left ventricle contract and squaze blood to pulmonary artery
c. ,
d. ,
2. In the heart, voice can happen
a. when valve is shut down
b. when valve is open and then shut down
c. when valve is open
d. none of the above
Nervous System
1. to across the synaptic cleft requires the actions of
a. neurotransmitter
b. synaptic vesicles
c. axon of motor neuron
d. synapse
2. the evolution of nervous system must have been an important adaptation in the
a. evolution of body size
b. mobility
c. brain size
d. a and b
e. b and c

Homeostasis
1. the internal and external conditions of the body is determined by
a. sensory nerve
b. spinal nerve
c. endocrine nerve
d. sciatica nerve
2. the kidney contribute to homeostsis in following important way/ways
a. regulation of blood water level
b. maintenance of salt and ions levels in the blood
c. reabsorption of the substances into the blood
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Check Mail Compose

HAPTER 15 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1) The most ingested carbohydrate is: (starch)
a) glucose
b) galactose
c) starch
d) fructose

2) A digestive tube have four major tissue layers, which one is the innermost layer: (mucosa)
a) muscularis externa
b) submucosa
c) serosa
d) mucosa

3) What is BER: (Basic Electrical Rhythm)
a) Basic Encoding Rules
b) Basic Electrical Rhythm
c) Basic Energy Requirement

4) The stomach can expand to a capacity of about: (1000 ml)
a) 1000 ml
b) 100 ml
c) 500 ml
d) 750 ml

5) The main site of digestion and absorption is: (small intestine)
a) pancreas
b) small intestine
c) stomach
d) large intestine


CHAPTER 17 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1) Which one doesn't include growth: (weight gain)
a) lengthening of long bones
b) hyperplasia
c) weight gain
d) hypertrophy

2) Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the: (adrenal medulla)
a) adrenal medulla
b) kidneys
c) pancreas
d) adrenal cortex

3) The most common site for metabolic hormone inactivation is: (liver)
a) pancreas
b) liver
c) adrenal gland
d) duodenum

4) Which one increases metabolic rate in body cells: (thyroid hormone)
a) progesterone
b) gluconeogenesis
c) aldosterone
d) thyroid hormone

5) Which one has decrease effect on blood glucose and on blood fatty acids: (insulin)
a) glucagon
b) epinephrine
c) insulin
d) cortisol
e) growth hormone


CHAPTER 12 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1) Transient interruption of ventilation: (apnea)
a) apnea
b) hyperpnea
c) dyspnea
d) eupnea

2) Which of the following produces speech: (larynx)
a) pharynx
b) trachea
c) larynx
d) lungs

3) What kind of muscle is present within the alveolar walls to cause them to inflate and deflate
during breathing process: (No muscle cell is present, so none of the above)
a) smooth muscle
b) skeletal muscle
c) cardiac muscle
d) none of the above

4) What is the maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a
maximal inspiration: (vital capacity)
a) total lung capacity
b) inspiratory capacity
c) vital capacity
d) functional resudual capacity

5) Which one is correct: (pulmonary ventilation = tidal volume x respiratory rate)
a) pulmonary ventilation = residual volume x respiratory rate
b) pulmonary ventilation = tidal volume x residual volume
c) pulmonary ventilation = residual volume x respiratory rate
d) pulmonary ventilation = tidal volume x respiratory rate


CHAPTER 18 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM WHICH RELATES TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1) Milk ejection are promoted by: (oxytocin)
a) lactin
b) oxytocin
c) estrogen
d) progesterone

2) Which one concentrates and stores the sperm (epididymis and ductus deferens)
a) testis
b) seminal vesicle
c) epididymis and ductus deferens
d) prostate gland
e) bulbourethral gland

3) Parturition is accomplished by: ( positive-feedback cycle)
a) negative-feedback cycle
b) menstruation cycle
c) positive-feedback cycle
d) none of the above

4) During the last trimester mild contractions are experienced, this contration is known as:
(Braxton-Hicks contractions)
a) Braxton-Ficks contractions
b) Braxton-Hicks contractions
c) Braxton-Licks contractions
d) Braxton-Ricks contractions

5) Sexual cycle within males and females are similar, except: (ejaculation phase)
a) excitation phase
b) ejaculation phase
c) resolution phase
d) orgasmic phase
e) plateau phase


2 MULTIPLE QUESTIONS ON

CHAPTER 13 RENAL SYSTEM

1) Establishes an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla: (Loop of Henle)
a) Bowman's capsule
b) Proximal Tubule
c) Loop of Henle
d) Collecting Tubule

2) Which one carries blood from the glomerulus: (Efferent arteriole)
a) Efferent arteriole
b) Peritubular capillaries
c) Bowman's capsule
d) Proximal tubule

CHAPTER 9,10 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1) In a normal ECG, which one represents ventricular depolarization: (QRS complex)
a) P wave
b) QRS complex
c) T wave
d) none of the above

2) Backflow of blood is known as: (regurgitation)
a) regurgitation
b) insufficient valve
c) leaky valve



CHAPTER 9,10 BLOOD

1) Resistance to blood flow depends on all except: (pressure gradient)
a) viscosity of blood
b) vessel length
c) vessel radius
d) pressure gradient

2) Only the blood supply to what remain remarkably constant no matter what the person is
doing: (brain)
a) Brain
b) Venules
c) Capillaries
d) Arterioles

CHAPTER 5,6 NERVOUS SYSTEM

1) The brain stem consists all except: (cerebellum)
a) Medulla
b) Cerebellum
c) Pons
d) Midbrain

2) Which part of the brain functions as maintenance of balance: (cerebellum)
a) cerebral cortex
b) hypothalamus
c) cerebellum
d) brain stem
e) thalamus


CHAPTER 1 HOMEOSTASIS

1) Which system serves as a protective barrier between the external environment and remainder
of the body: (integumentary system)
a) Immune system
b) Integumentary system
c) Endocrine system
d) Nervous system

2) The most common atoms in the body includes all except: (sulfur)
a) Carbon
b) Oxygen
c) Hydrogen
d) Nitrogen
e) Sulfur
The Digestive System
Key choice
A. Salivary amylase B. Pepsin C. Rennin
D. Brush border enzymes E HCl
1 Starch digestion begins in the mouth when _______
is ducted in by the salivary
glands
2 Protein foods are large acted on the stomach by
______
3 A milk coagulating enzymes found in children but
not usually in adults is _____
4 Intestine enzymes are called _______
5 For the stomach protein digesting enzymes to
become active ______is needed
The Respiratory System
Key choice
A. Pneumonia B. Dyspnea C. Asphyxia
D. Tachypnea E.Hemoptysis
1 Blood in sputum
2 Rapid breath rate
3 Difficult or painful breathing; shortness of breath
4 Oxygen starvation
5 Acute infection or inflammation of alveoli, which
fill with fluid
The Endocrine System
1. Which of the following are tropic hormones secreted
by the anterior pituitary
gland?
A. LH C. TSH
B. ACTH D. FSH
2. Hormones secreted by females include:
A.estrogen C. prolactin
B. Progesterone D. Testosterone
3 Smooth muscle contractions are
stimulated by:
A. testosterone C. Prolactine
B. FSH D. oxytocin
4. Pro-opiomelanocortin is the precursor of
A. cortisol C. melatonin
B.corticotropin D opium
5. Calcitonin targets the:
A. kidney C. bone
B. liver D. small intestine

The Urinary System
Key choice
A. capillary endothelium B.Basement membrane
C. podocyte membrane of glomerular capsule
1. Repels anions and prevents their filtration
2 Its pores prevent filtration of blood cells
3 Prevents passage of all but the smallest proteins
The Homeostasis
1 Which of the following is a volatile acid?
A.Carbomic C. Lactic
B. Hydrochloric D. Phosphoric
2> Only the kidneys can remove excesses of
A. phosphoric acid C. keto acids
B. carbonic acid D. uric acid
3. Inhibition of ADH
A. is caused by alcohol consumption
B. results in edema
C. disturbs acid base balance
D is triggered by hyponatremia
The Cardiovacular System: The Blood
A. Embolus B. Thrombus C. Prostacyclin D. Heparin
1 a blood clot
2 a clot-on-the-rundislodged from the site at which
it formed
3 a chemical made by white blood cells and cells
lining blood vessels; opposes
actions of thromboxane
The Cardiovacular System: The Heart
A. Myocardial infarction B. Ectopic focus C.
Congestive heart failure
1 Results from prolonged coronary blockage
2 Abnormal pacemaker
3 Because of cardiac decompensation, circulation
is inadequate to meet tissue
Needs
The Nervous System
Key choice
A. Hypothalamus B. cerebral cortex C. Spinal cord
1 Integrates defecation and micturation reflextes
2 The main integration center of the ANS
3 Controls some autonomi functioning through
meditation
The Immune System
Key choice
A. Allergy B Autoimmune disease C Immunodeficiency
1 AIDs and congenital thymic aplassia
2 The bodys own immune system produces the disorder;
a breakdown of self
Tolerance
2 A hypersensitivity reaction such as hayfever or
contact dermatitis
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance
A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C.
Normal range
D Respiratory acidosis E. Respiratory alkalosis
1 Indicated by plasma HCO3- levels above the normal
range
2 Pco2=35-45 mm Hg; pH=7.35-7.45
3 a common result of hyperventilation.

Digestive System
Gastric secretion gradually decrease as food empties from the stomach into the intestine
a. true
b. false

Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
a. begins digestion of carbohydrate
b. facilitates absorption of glucose across the oral mucosa
c. facilitates speech
d. exerts an antibacterial effect
e. plays an important role in oral hygiene

Intrinsic Factor is essential for absorption of vitamin B12
a. true
b. false

What is/are the stomachs function(s)?
a. store ingested food
b. secrete HCL and enzymes that begin protein digestion
c. provide mixing movements
d. convert ingested materials into chyme
e. all of the above

What is not a function of the teeth?
a. grind and break food up into smaller pieces
b. mix food with saliva
c. stimulate the taste buds
d. (a) and (b)
e. (a), (b), and (c)

Endocrine System
Stomach produces what hormone?
a. chorionic gonadotropin
b. inhibin
c. glucagon
d. gastrin
e. vitamin D

All endocrine glands are exclusively endocrine in function?
a. true
b. false

The Pineal Gland secretes what hormone?
a. estrogen
b. melatonin
c. prolactin
d. renin
e. vitamin D

Thyroid hormone is the main determinant of the basal metabolic rate and exerts other effects as
well.
a. true
b. false

Endocrine functions are
a. regulating organic metabolism
b. induce adaptive changes to help body cope with stressful situations
c. promote smooth, sequential growth and development
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Reproductive System
Estrogen is ______.
a. a stimulus for production of testosterone in testes
b. stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicle
c. promotes development of the female gamete
d. causes the growth spurt and appearance of axillary and pubic hair at puberty
e. regulates secretion of FSH in males and females

The placenta is the organ of exchange between maternal and fetal blood
a. true
b. false

What occurs during the follicular phase?
a. development of antral follicles
b. menstruation
c. repair and proliferation of the endometrium
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

When the corpus luteum degenerates,
a. circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone rapidly decline
b. FH and LH secretion start to rise as the inhibitory effects of the gonadal steroids are
withdrawn
c. the endometrium sloughs off
d. both (a) and (b)
e. all of the above

High levels of estrogen and progesterone are essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy.
a. true
b. false

Respiratory System
Internal Respiration involves
a. CO2 loads from cells into systemic capillaries
b. O2 unloading from systemic capillaries into cells
c. O2 loads from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries
d. CO2 unloads from pulmonary capillaries into alveoli
e. (a) and (b)

Most O2 in the blood is transported bound to hemoglobin
a. true
b. false

Alveolis function is
a. voluntary muscle contractions
b. excretion of hormones
c. gas exchange; O2 diffusing into bloodstream and CO2 diffusing out
d. digestion of foreign particles
e. none of the above

Hemoglobin has a much higher affinity for carbon monoxide than for O2
a. true
b. false

What occurs during inspiration?
a. diaphragm relaxes
b. diaphragm contracts
c. both (a) and (b)
d. diaphragm does not act

Renal System
Reabsorption of which of the following substances is not linked in some way to active Na+
reabsorption?
a. glucose
b. (PO4)3-
c. H2O
d. urea
e. Cl-

Which of the following filtered substances is normally not present in the urine at all?
a. Na+
b. (PO4)3-
c. urea
d. H+
e. glucose


Cardiovascular System
The atria and ventricles each act as a functional syncytium.
a. true
b. false

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart ______.
a. increases the heart rate
b. increases the contractility of the heart muscle
c. shifts the Frank-Starling curve to the left
d. Both (a) and (b) above are correct
e. All of the above are correct

Nervous System
Each taste receptor responds to just one of the primary tastes.
a. true
b. false

The vast majority of the cells in the nervous system are _____.
a. neurons
b. plexus cells
c. glial cells
d. sarcomeres
e. fibroblasts

Homeostasis
Which of the following activities is not carried out by every cell in the body?
a. obtaining O2 and nutrients
b. performing chemical reactions to acquire energy for the cells use
c. eliminating wastes
d. controlling to a large extent exchange of materials between cells and its environment
e. reproducing

Homeostatic control system is a network of body components working together to maintain a
given factor in the internal environment relatively constant near an optimal set level.
a. true
b. false

Blood
For a blood pressure reading of 135/90 mm Hg, what is the pulse pressure?
a. 135
b. 45
c. 112.5

What factors would decrease blood pressure?
a. increased arterial diameter
b. decreased plasma epinephrine
c. increased parasympathetic stimulation
d. decreased blood viscosity
e. All of the above

he Respiratory System
Key choice
A. Pneumonia B. Dyspnea C. Asphyxia
D. Tachypnea E.Hemoptysis
1 Blood in sputum
2 Rapid breath rate
3 Difficult or painful breathing; shortness of breath
4 Oxygen starvation
5 Acute infection or inflammation of alveoli, which fill with fluid
The Reproductive System
Key choice
A Follicle stimulating B. Secondary spermatocyte C.Spermatogonium D. Sperm E.
Spermatid
--------1 Primitive stem cell
--------2 Product of meiosis I
--------3 Product of meiosis II
--------4 Functional motile gamete
--------5 Hormones necessary for sperm production
The Digestive System
The Endocrine System
1. Which of the following are tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland?
A. LH C. TSH
B. ACTH D. FSH
2. Hormones secreted by females include:
A.estrogen C. prolactin
B. Progesterone D. Testosterone
3 Smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by:
A. testosterone C. Prolactine
B. FSH D. oxytocin
4. Pro-opiomelanocortin is the precursor of
A. cortisol C. melatonin
B.corticotropin D opium
5. Calcitonin targets the:
A. kidney C. bone
B. liver D. small intestine
The Cardiovacular System: The Blood
A. Embolus B. Thrombus C. Prostacyclin D. Heparin
1 a blood clot
2 a clot-on-the-rundislodged from the site at which it formed
The Nervous System
Key choice
A. Hypothalamus B. cerebral cortex C. Spinal cord
1 Integrates defecation and micturation reflextes
2 The main integration center of the ANS
The Immune System
Key choice
A. Allergy B Autoimmune disease C Immunodeficiency
1 AIDs and congenital thymic aplassia
2 The bodys own immune system produces the disorder; a breakdown of self
Tolerance
The Urinary System
Key choice
A. capillary endothelium B.Basement membrane
C. podocyte membrane of glomerular capsule
1. Repels anions and prevents their filtration
2 Its pores prevent filtration of blood cells
Key choice
A. Salivary amylase B. Pepsin C. Rennin
D. Brush border enzymes E HCl
1 Starch digestion begins in the mouth when _______ is ducted in by the salivary
glands
2 Protein foods are large acted on the stomach by ______
3 A milk coagulating enzymes found in children but not usually in adults is _____
4 Intestine enzymes are called _______
5 For the stomach protein digesting enzymes to become active ______is needed
The Cardiovacular System: The Heart
A. Myocardial infarction B. Ectopic focus C. Congestive heart failure
1 Results from prolonged coronary blockage
2 Abnormal pacemaker
The Homeostasis
1. Which of the following is a volatile acid?
A.Carbomic C. Lactic
B. Hydrochloric D. Phosphoric
2> Only the kidneys can remove excesses of
A. phosphoric acid C. keto acids
B. carbonic acid D. uric acid
2. A hypersensitivity reaction such as hayfever or contact dermatitis
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance
A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Normal range
D Respiratory acidosis E. Respiratory alkalosis
1 Indicated by plasma HCO3- levels above the normal range
2 Pco2=35-45 mm Hg; pH=7.35-7.45
3 a common result of hyperventilation.
Physiology Final Exam Questions
1. The most common atoms in the body- oxygen, carbon, hydrogen,
and nitrogen- make an approximately 83% of the total body
chemistry.
a. True
b. False

2. Homeostasis is essential for the survival of each cell
a. True
b. False

3. About 90% of the cells within the CNS are glial cells or neuroglia
a. True
b. False

4. Cereral cortex is responsible for
a. Sensory perseption
b. Voluntary control of movement
c. Language
d. Memory
e. All of the above

5. The photopigments in the tree types of cones are red, green,
and:
a. Yellow
b. Orange
c. Purple
d. Blue
e. Brown

6. Cones have low sensitivety to light, can be turned on only by
bright daylight
a. True
b. False
7. In normal ECG P wave represent:

a. Ventricular depolarization
b. Ventricular repolarization
c. Artrial depolarization
d. Non of the above
e. All of the above

8. The cardiac cycle consists of systole and dyastole
a. True
b.False

9. The resistance is a mesure of the hindrance or opposition to blood flow
through a vessel:
a.True
b.False

10. Arterioles are:
a. thin walled
b. highly mascular
c. large radii
d. highly distensible
e. none of the above

11. Nephron is the smallest unit of the kidney is capable of forming urine
a. True
b.False

12. What percentage of plasma that enters the glomerulus is not filtered and
leaves through
the efferent arteriole:
a. 70%
b. 50%
c. 34%
d. 80%
e. 20%

13. The cells of Cajal speed up the peristalsis
a. True
b. False

14. D cells is a stimuli for secretion of:
a. Acid
b. Gastrin
c. Ach
d. Histamine
e. None of the above

15. The cephalic phase of thye gastric secretion refers to the increased
secretion of HCL
and pepsinogen:
a.True
b. False

16. Pancreatic enzymes function best in a acidic environment:
a. True
b. False

17. Hepatic portal vein carries arterial blood:
a. True
b. False

18. Hypothalamus release oxytocin:
a. True
b.False

19. Vitamin D increases absorption of Calcium:
a. True
b.False

20. Erythopoietin is secreted by:
a. Kidneys
b. Pineal Gland
c. Stomach
d. Duodenum
e. None of the above

21.Growth hormone responsible for regulating overall body growth:
a. True
b. False

22. The osteoclasts dissolve the bony tissue on the inner surface next to the
marrow
cavity:
a. True
b. False

23. The respiratory airways is the only one syte where gases can be exchanged
between
air and blood:
a. True
b. False

24. Trachea is the tube through wich the food passes to the stomach:
a. True
b.False

25. During inspiration:
a. Abdominal muscles contract
b. Diaphragm is pushed upwards
c. Diaphragm is lowered
d. Ribs are in the resting position
e. None of the above

26. Emphysema is characterised by:
a. breakdown of the alveolar walls
b. collapse of the smaller airways
c. a and b
d. a only
e. b only

27. A spirometer is a device that measures the volume of air breathed in and
out:
a. True
b. False

28. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain:
a. True
b.False

29 ) H hormone controls reproductive functions only in male:
a.True
b.False
30. Prolactin promotes secretion of milk:
a.True
b.False


31. The CRH is normally secreted by the adrenal gland:
a. True
b.False

32. The placenta is the most important endocrine organ in pregnancy
a. True
b. False

Physiology Final Question
Answer Key
1)B
2A
3)A
4)C
5)D
6)A
7)C
8)A
9)A
10)B
11)A
12)D
13)A
14)A
15)A
16)B
17)B
18)B
19)A
20)A
21)A
22)A
23)A
24)B
25)C
26)C
27)A
28)A
29)B
30)A
31)B
32)A

Matching

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter in
the blank using the following answer code.
a. bile salts
b. pepsin(ogen)
c. amylase
d. lipase
e. trypsin(ogen)

____ 1. Gastric enzyme that digests protein.


____ 2. Enzyme that digests fat.


____ 3. Exerts detergent action.


____ 4. Pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrate.


____ 5. Forms micelles to aid fat absorption.


____ 6. Potent choloretic.


Identify the factors associated with each of the biochemical processes below by writing the appropriate
letter in the blank preceding the statement.
a. gluconeogenesis
b. glycogenesis
c. glycogenolysis
d. both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
e. all of these answers

____ 7. Conversion of amino acids into glucose.


____ 8. Stimulated by glucagon and cortisol.


____ 9. Stimulated by insulin.


Indicate the effect the item has on the secretion rate of the hormone by writing the appropriate letter in the
blank using the answer code below:
a. increases
b. decreases
c. has little or no effect on

____ 10. Increased TSH _____ thyroid hormone.


____ 11. Increased TRH _____ TSH.


____ 12. Increased thyroid hormone _____ TSH.

____ 13. Decreased iodine in diet _____ thyroid hormone.

____ 14. Increased ACTH _____ aldosterone.

____ 15. Stress _____ cortisol.

____ 16. Increased plasma Ca
2+
_____ parathyroid hormone.

____ 17. Increased plasma Ca
2+
_____ calcitonin.

____ 18. Increased TSH _____ calcitonin.



True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 19. The large intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

____ 20. The function of mixing movements is to promote digestion and facilitate absorption.

____ 21. The contents of the digestive tract are technically outside of the body.

____ 22. The main sympathetic nerve supply to the digestive tract is the vagus.

____ 23. In general, sympathetic stimulation is excitatory to digestive activity.

____ 24. Stimulation of the taste buds increases gastric secretions.

____ 25. The only function of chewing is to break food up into smaller pieces and soften it by mixing it with saliva
to facilitate swallowing.

____ 26. Deglutition refers to the process of chewing.

____ 27. After the food has been chewed and mixed with salivary secretion, it is referred to as chyme.

____ 28. Protein digestion is initiated by salivary amylase.

____ 29. The stomach mucosa is thrown into folds known as villi.

____ 30. The most important function of the stomach is to begin protein digestion.

____ 31. Gastric secretion does not begin until the arrival of food in the stomach.

____ 32. Tri-iodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine are produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland.

____ 33. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the thyroid gland.

____ 34. The symptoms of aldosterone hypersecretion include hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and
hypertension.

____ 35. Aldosterone and cortisol are both considered to be essential for life.

____ 36. Cortisol is the primary mineralocorticoid.

____ 37. In people who work during the day, cortisol levels in the plasma are normally higher in the morning than
at night.

____ 38. One of the primary functions of cortisol secretion at normal physiological levels is its anti-inflammatory
action.

____ 39. The adrenal medulla is actually a modified part of the sympathetic nervous system.

____ 40. All forms of diabetes mellitus are characterized by a lack of pancreatic insulin secretion.

____ 41. Obesity can precipitate overt Type II diabetes mellitus in individuals genetically predisposed.

____ 42. Both Type I and Type II diabetes must be treated by regular insulin injections.

____ 43. Elevated blood amino acid levels stimulate the secretion of both insulin and glucagon even though they
exert opposite effects on blood amino acid concentration.

____ 44. The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

____ 45. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.

____ 46. PTH increases plasma Ca
2+
and decreases plasma PO
4
.

____ 47. Calcitonin decreases plasma Ca
2+
.

____ 48. The presence of vitamin D is necessary for PTH to exert its effect on promoting intestinal Ca
2+

absorption.

____ 49. Vitamin D must be provided entirely by dietary sources.
____ 50. Human beings have a open circulatory system

____ 51. Select the incorrect statement regarding the plasma membrane.
a. serves as a mechanical barrier to hold in the contents of the cell.
b. selectively controls movement of molecules between the ECF and the ICF.
c. is the barrier that surrounds the blood vessels and separates the blood plasma from the
interstitial fluid.
d. contains proteins that provide membrane functions.
e. has cholesterol to maintain rigidity.


____ 52. The form of endocytosis in which whole cells such as bacteria are brought in is
a. exocytosis.
b. pinocytosis.
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
d. phagocytosis.
e. mytosis.


____ 53. According to Fick's law of diffusion, which of the following changes would decrease the rate of net
diffusion of a substance across a membrane?
a. an increase in the substance's concentration gradient
b. an increase in the permeability of the membrane to the substance
c. an increase in the surface area of the membrane
d. an increase in the thickness of the membrane
e. none of these answers.


____ 54. Pinocytosis is a form of
a. active transport.
b. cytokinesis.
c. endocytosis.
d. exocytosis.
e. hemolysis.


____ 55. The arachnoid mater is
a. the innermost meningeal layer.
b. a delicate, richly vascularized meningeal layer that is "cobwebby" in appearance.
c. a tough, inelastic membrane that covers the central nervous system.
d. involved with the formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
e. more than one of these answers is correct.


____ 56. The corpus callosum interconnects the
a. brain stem and cerebellum.
b. brain stem and diencephalon.
c. hypothalamus and thalamus.
d. two cerebral hemispheres.
e. two hemispheres of the cerebellum.


____ 57. Which of the following does not characterize the sympathetic nervous system?
a. It promotes responses that prepare the body for strenuous physical activity.
b. It is part of the autonomic nervous system.
c. It has norepinephrine as its postganglionic neurotransmitter.
d. It is always excitatory (that is, it increases the activity in every tissue it innervates).
e. It is part of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system.


____ 58. Curare
a. strongly binds to acetylcholine receptor sites.
b. inhibits acetylcholinesterase.
c. is found in pesticides and military nerve gases.
d. none
e. all


____ 59. The heart chamber having the greatest work load is the
a. right ventricle.
b. left ventricle.
c. left atrium.
d. right atrium.
e. they each have the same workload.


____ 60. On a normal ECG, a wave for repolarization of the atria is not recorded. Why?
a. the leads are not placed in a position to pick it up.
b. no repolarization of the atria occurs normally.
c. it occurs simultaneously with ventricular depolarization and is masked by the QRS
complex.
d. it does not travel through body fluids.
e. it is too small to be picked up by external recording electrodes.


____ 61. The fastest rate of autorhythmicity is normally carried out by the
a. AV bundle.
b. AV node.
c. bundle of His.
d. Purkinje fibers.
e. SA node.


____ 62. Extrasystole of the heart means that it
a. beats too slowly.
b. fills with too much blood.
c. has a complete heart block.
d. loses blood.
e. produces a premature beat.


____ 63. The sinoatrial node is the heart's normal pacemaker because
a. it has the fastest natural rate of autorhythmicity.
b. it has both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
c. it lies in the right atrium.
d. activation of K
+
channels occurs more rapidly in this region than elsewhere in the heart.
e. none of these answers.


____ 64. The entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O
2
and CO
2
between the body cells and the
environment is known as
a. internal respiration.
b. external respiration.
c. ventilation.
d. breathing.
e. both ventilation and breathing are correct.


____




65. Bronchodilation of the air passages involves the ____ of their smooth muscle contraction and the ____ of
their radius.
a. decrease, decrease.
b. decrease, increase.
c. increase, decrease.
d. increase, increase.


____ 66. Which factor would result in bronchoconstriction?
a. sympathetic stimulation.
b. parasympathetic stimulation.
c. epinephrine secretion.
d. increased carbon dioxide concentration.
e. none of these answers.


____ 67. Compliance refers specifically to the
a. effort required to stretch the lungs.
b. elasticity of the lung tissue.
c. energy requirements for an inspiration.
d. surface area of the alveoli.
e. volume of air moved per breathing cycle.


____ 68. If 20% of the air is composed of O
2
, the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level where atmospheric
pressure is 760 mm Hg is
a. 20 mm Hg.
b. 760 mm Hg.
c. 70 mm Hg.
d. 350 mm Hg.
e. 152 mm Hg.


____ 69. Which of the following would decrease diffusion of a gas across the alveolar/pulmonary capillary
membrane?
a. an increase in thickness of the membrane
b. an increase in surface area of the membrane
c. an increase in the partial pressure gradient
d. two of these answers.
e. all of these answers.


____ 70. Select the incorrect statement about hemoglobin.
a. It combines with oxygen at the lungs.
b. It contains iron.
c. It forms an irreversible association with oxygen.
d. It is located inside the red blood cell.
e. Its globin portion is a polypeptide.


____ 71. Glomerular filtration
a. occurs in the loop of Henle.
b. is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules, which enter
Bowman's capsule, are separated from blood cells and protein, which remain in the
glomerular capillaries.
c. is the process by which a substance is transported from the tubular fluid to the peritubular
capillaries.
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. none of these answers.





____ 72. Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.
a. plasma proteins.
b. urea.
c. glucose.
d. PO
4
.
e. amino acids.


____ 73. The tubular fluid is ____ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____
at the tip of the loop, and ____ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.
a. isotonic, hypertonic, hypertonic, isotonic
b. isotonic, isotonic, hypotonic, hypotonic
c. isotonic, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
d. hypertonic, hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
e. none of these answers.


____ 74. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is where
a. NaCl passively leaves the tubular fluid down its concentration gradient.
b. NaCl is actively transported into the interstitial fluid, leaving water behind because the
tubular cells are not permeable to water.
c. K
+
is secreted.
d. aldosterone stimulates Na
+
reabsorption.
e. none of these answers.


____ 75. Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?
a. cardiac disturbances
b. skeletal abnormalities
c. anemia
d. acidosis
e. all of these answers.


True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 76. Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or
functions.

____ 77. The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.

____ 78. With positive feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.

____ 79. Gap junctions play an important role in transmission of impulses for heart contraction.

____ 80. Oxygen enters the blood from the lungs by net diffusion.

____ 81. The predominant cation in the intracellular fluid is calcium.

____ 82. Net sodium movement into the cell occurs passively, whereas net sodium movement out of the cell occurs
actively.

____ 83. Most of the membrane potential of the plasma membrane is established by the active transport of sodium
and potassium ions.

____ 84. Cells forming the brain capillaries are joined by tight junctions that completely seal the capillary wall.

____ 85. Different parts of the body are not equally represented in the somatosensory cortex and in the primary
motor cortex.

____ 86. White matter consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibers.

____ 87. Gray matter consists predominantly of neuron cell bodies and dendrites.

____ 88. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

____ 89. The tricuspid prevents regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium.

____ 90. Arteries carry blood toward the ventricles.

____ 91. The only point of electrical contact between the atria and the ventricles is the AV valve.

____ 92. The T wave represents the depolarization of the ventricles.

____ 93. The second heart sound is due to closure of the AV valves.

____ 94. Parasympathetic stimulation slows the rate of depolarization of the SA node and thus decreases the heart
rate.

____ 95. Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.

Matching

Match the following functions to their cranial nerves.
a. hearing, body balance
b. sense of smell
c. sensory, motor function to facial regions, teeth
d. controls many internal organs in the ventral body cavity
e. moves the eye
f. sense of vision

____ 96. oculomotor

____ 97. olfactory

____ 98. optic

____ 99. trigeminal

____ 100. vagus

____ 101. vestibulocochlear