FRONTAL LOBE CORTICAL AREA Precentral Area

BA#

LOCATION Precentral gyrus

FUNCTION Gives off corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers - isolated movements on the opposite side - contraction of muscle groups concerned with a specific movement - bilateral movements of EOM, muscles of the upper part of the face, tongue, mandible, larynx and pharynx - final station for conversion of the design into execution of the movement - store programs of motor activity assembled as the result of past experience - programs the activity of the primary motor area - controlling coarse postural movements Movements of the contralateral limbs - conjugate movement of the eyes (especially toward opposite side) - control voluntary scanning movement of the eyes Formation of words - personality - regulator of the pesons depth of feeling - initiative and judgement FUNCTION

NOTES Agranular type: Pyramidal cells (Betz cells) The movement areas of the body are represented in inverted form in the precentral gyrus. * The area of the cortex controlling a particular movement is proportional to the skill involved in performing the movement.

Motor Area/ Primary Motor Area

Posterior region of precentral area

Premotor Area/ Secondary Motor Area Supplementary Motor Area Frontal Eye Field Motor Speech Area of Broca Prefrontal Cortex PARIETAL LOBE CORTICAL AREA

6 8 44 45

Anterior region of the precentral area Medial frontal gyrus

The premotor area has no Betz cells. Removal of this area produces no permanent loss of movement Independent of visual stimuli This area is important on the dominant hemisphere. Area 44: pars opercularis Area 55: pars triangularis Large numbers of afferent and efferent pathways connect this area with other other areas of the CC, thalamus, hypothalamus, and corpus striatum. NOTES -Granular type (anterior part); fewer granular cell (posterior part) -Outer layer of Baillarger is broad and obvious - The opposite half of the body is represented as inverted. * The size of this area allocated to each part of the body is proportional to the number of sensory receptors present in that part of the body. Face area: most anterior; Leg area: posterior Body: bilaterally represented with contralateral dominance

6 8 9 44 45 9 10 11 12 BA#

Facial area of the precentral gyrus middle frontal gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus

Anterior to the precentral area

LOCATION

Primary Somesthetic Area (Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex S1)

3 1 2

Postcentral gyrus

- sensations from the contralateral side fo the body - sensations from the oral region goes to the same side; and those from the pharynx, larynx, and perineum goes to both sides

Secondary Somesthetic Area (Secondary Somatic Sensory Cortex S2) Somesthetic Association Area 5 7

Superior lip of the posterior limb of the lateral fissure Superior parietal lobule

- transient cutaneous stimuli - receive and integrate different sensory modalities - relates sensory information to past sensory