LESSON PLAN Prepared by: ..

General Information Date: 24 March 2012 Learning Area : Physics Topic: Light Duration: 2 consecutive periods 80 minutes Class size : 25 Students Class distribution: Mixed abilities (5 High flyers, 10 average and 10 lower ability) Aim To demonstrate an understanding of the concept of refraction Level: Form 5 Sub-topic: Refraction

Location: Laboratory

Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, each learner should be able to: 1. Recall when refraction of light occurs [learnt at lower forms] 2. State laws of refraction of light 3. Draw a well-labeled diagram to illustrate refraction of light 4. Describe phenomenon of refraction of light in everyday life 5. Perform an experiment to illustrate refraction of light using glass block and optical pins Social Objectives At the end of this lesson, each learner should be able to: 1. Use praising words 2. Develop listening skills 3. Respect each other Pre-requisites 1. Background knowledge At this stage, students should already be aware of the basic concepts of refraction Key words to know: incident ray, normal, refracted ray, angles of incidence and refraction.

2. Thinking skills For this part of the topic, students should be able to visualize the how the rays of light is travelling in different optical mediums

3. Psychomotor skills Psychomotor activities for this lesson will require the use glass block, optical pins, glass rod and beaker. Procedures Objective 1: Recall when refraction of light occurs [learnt at lower forms] Steps: Brainstorming Testing of Prior Knowledge [15mins]

The focus of the re-looping will be to construct on the base of the students knowledge. Therefore, we will use questioning techniques to achieve this. Wait 30 seconds to gain attention of students. Start by refreshing their memory with questions from the previous class.

Questions will be asked to the whole class, that is, group questioning technique will be used. Teacher: Consider a ray of light travelling from air into glass and out into air again, it can be observed that at the air-glass interface, the ray of light changes direction when it enters from air to glass. What would you observe? Expected answer from students: The ray of light will bend when going into the glass. Teacher: How do we call this process or phenomenon? Expected answer from students: Refraction Teacher: Do you remember the definition of refraction? Expected answer from students: Refraction of light is the bending of light rays when travelling from one optical medium to another optical medium. Teacher: What is an optical medium? Expected answer from students: A medium whereby light rays can pass through it. Teacher: Give some examples of optical medium Expected answer from students: water, glass, plastics, oil, glycerin, etc Teacher: Why does the light ray bend? Expected answer from students: Because it is changing medium.

We note that: A pause of 30 sec will be allocated after each question as thinking time. Praising words will be used to motivate the students to answer questions.

Objective 2/3: State laws of refraction of light + Draw a well-labeled diagram to illustrate refraction of light Steps: STEP 2 Pre - Test [10mins]

The students will be asked to do a small exercise of 10 minutes. This will be based on their knowledge of form 3. This will be taken as a pre test for the lesson. Considering a ray of light travelling from medium 1 to medium 2. (Brainstorming) Drawing a ray diagram of the situation.- Activity

Incident ray Normal

Medium 1 (less dense) Medium 2 (More dense)

Refracted ray

Identifying the following incident and refracted rays, normal, boundary, angle of incidence & refraction Activity

Introducing Defining refractive index,n

(Guided discovery)

Showing relationship between

and refractive index, n.

Objective 4: Describe phenomenon of refraction of light in everyday life Steps: Materials used: glass rod, glass of water, aquarium with fishes Prerequisite: Students should know about the speed of light and what an optical medium is Teaching strategy: Guided discovery, Demonstration

[15mins]

Demonstration set up: 1. A glass rod placed in a glass of water 2. A fish in an aquarium

QUESTIONS AND EXPECTED ANSWERS 1. What do you observe? The glass rod is seen bent. The glass rod appears shorter

2. Why does the glass rod appear bent? This optical effect is due to refraction. As light passes from one transparent medium to another, it changes speed, and bends. Speed of light changes when moving from one medium to another The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray towards the normal

Objective 5: Perform an experiment to illustrate refraction of light using glass block and optical pins Steps: Peer tutoring with hands on activity [35mins]

A worksheet will be provided to the students. They will be grouped into 5 groups of 5 students to perform the activities. Every group will have one worksheet to maximize interaction among the groups. Students will be given roles within the worksheet. This will help to increase the peer positive interdependence and individual accountability. The group will be composed of heterogeneous members (2 slow learners, 2 average achievers and 1 high flyer) They will be also asked to write their findings in their students notebook. WORKSHEET Name Student Number 1 Student Number 2 Student Number 3 Role Materials Person Experimenter Observer Responsibility Handling all the apparatus with care Carrying out the experiment Observing all the parameters during the experiment Student Number 4/5 Checker/Writer Overall check of the activity and writing answers

Activity: Investigate refraction using a glass block. Materials needed: glass block, optical pins, ray box. Procedure: 1. The experiment is carried out in a dark room. 2. The glass block is placed in a sheet of paper. 3. A ray box will be used as the source of light, which will be incident on the glass block at a certain angle (where 0 < < 90), with the normal at the surface where refraction is taking place. 4. The paths of the incident and emergent rays are marked with optical pins. 5. The outline of the glass block is drawn and the points of incidence and emergence are clearly marked. 6. The glass block and ray box are removed and lines are drawn through the pins. 7. The reflected rays is drawn by joining the points of incidence and emergence.

8. The angle of incidence, i and angle of refraction, r are measured and the refractive index of the glass block can be determined

9. The values for i, r, sin i and sin r are measured, calculated and recorded in the following measuring table: i/ r/ Sin i Sin r

Peer Assessment Form: To be filled by Checker and signed by every member of the group. Comments Did every member of the group collaborate to work together? Did every member interact positively during the activity? Were there group discussions which enhanced learning? Did every member participate in the activities? Did every member abide to his role and responsibilities? Yes No

Please sign below to certify that you agree to the above filled table: Student Number 1: _________ Student Number 3:__________ Student Number 5: _____________ Student Number 2:_________ Student Number 4: ____________

Assessment Class work: Homework:

Feedback to students

Evaluation My self evaluation will be based on the whole class setting. I will ask myself some questions: What were my strengths during the class? What were my weaknesses while teaching? Did I miss something? Did I attain my objectives? If no, why so? Did I get a positive feedback from the students? Did the students appreciate my work? While asking questions, did I get the responses I wanted to?

This will help me to reflect on my work. While teaching in a class, many unexpected factors like a student falling ill or an animal disturbing the class might crop up. Therefore I will note all this in a diary which will be here for further improvement of my teaching.