Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

As a mass on a spring goes through its cycle of oscillation, energy is transformed from potential to kinetic and back to potential.

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Slide 14-12

Energy: Kinetic & Potential

Total Energy

Either in terms of Kinetic K (x=0) Or Potential U (|x|= A)

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Total energy E = m(vmax)2/2 E= kA2/2

as

1) Kinetic energy in full or

2) Potential energy in full

Equating these we get

(vmax)2 = kA2/m But from UCM we found vmax = A

Equating these two expressions yieds =>
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Prob. 14-15

A block of mass m tied to a spring with spring constant k is undergoing simple harmonic oscillation.

a)When the displacement of the mass is A/2, what fraction of the mechanical energy is kinetic energy and what fraction of it is potential energy?

This is because total energy E = kA2 b) At what displacement, as a fraction of A, is the energy half kinetic and half potential?

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

P14-16: At maximum displacement position, x = A, a hammer hit gives the block a velocity v0 in the x direction. >> Use Energy Conservation (often the easiest approach) a) Find Amplitude Note: At x = the kinetic energy is 0 kA2 = mv02 => A = (m /k) 1/2 v0

b) Find the velocity v2 at a point where x = A/2.

1 31 1 A 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 mv2 + k = mv2 + 0 J mv 2 = mv02 kA = mv02 mv2 = mv2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 0 4 2 0 v2 = 3 v = 4 0 3 (0.40 m/s) = 0.346 m /s = 35 cm /s 4
2

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Ch. 14: 7, 15,16, 22, 28, 36 ,44, 50

P44: Mass hanging at the end of spring in the gravitational field of Planet X is stretched by L=31.2cm. Pull mass down by x=10cm and released Mass undergoes 10 oscillations in 14.5s Find g

14-P50

Ultrasound Device

m= 0.1g, f = 1MHz, max force F= 40,000 N, Find max amplitude A

Find max speed v

How to convert a snapshot graph to a history graph and vice versa?

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Two more examples: Prob. 15.7

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Prob. 15.9 Wave moving to the right at v=1m/s Given: History graph at x=0, Asked: snapshot at t=1s Think: same thing happening at x=0 at t= 1s has happened earlier at t= 0 sec read off value and place it at x= 1 or t= -1 sec at x= 2

And will happen at

t=2 sec read off value and place it at x=-1

! This is probably the toughest part in this chapter. Well work out more problems of this sort later
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Problem 15-8 Given snapshot graph at t=2s

Draw history graph at x=0 for t=1 s to 8 s

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Prob.15-16

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Ch15-P17 snapshot graph at t=0s

Amplitude A= 4cm Wavelength =12m Frequency f = v / = 2.0 Hz

Ch 15- P18 History Graph at x=0m

of wave moving to the right at v=2m/s

Amplitude A = 6cm Period T = 0.05 to 0.65 = 0.6 s Frequency f = 1/T = 1.33 Hz Wavelength = v/f = vT= 1.2 m

Ch 15-28 Intensity of EM radiation Sun emits EM waves with a power of 4x 1026W, what is the intensity of sunlight at the positions of Venus, Mars and Saturn? Intensity = Power / Area, A = 4r2

Ch 15-P33
Source (loudspeaker) emits P= 35 W Receiver (microphone) located r= 50 m from source. (Microphone has area a=1cm2)
Find sound intensity, intensity level at the microphone Intensity = Power / Area, where A= 4r2 Intensity level: = 10 dB log (Int / 10-12) = 90 db Added question: What is the total power received by the microphone? Power = Intensity x area,

Or, simpler way: P_mic / P_total = a / A

Ch 15- 56
Given the form of the Wave function Can read off the Values of A, , T b) Calculate v c) After this put t=0.5 s, and x=0.2 m Into the expression for y(x,t) to get amplitude