Executive Summary of Quarterly Report (April - June 2012) KECAMATAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND ENVIRONMENT (PNPM-GREEN) IN SULAWESI (TF-090977)

Operation Wallacea Trust (OWT), 9 July 2012

0.1. OWT full facilitation supports on PNPM-Green pilots in S and SE Sulawesi: Under TF-090977, during the reporting period, OWT has provided full supports in two provinces in Sulawesi, i.e. SE Sulawesi (since November 2007) and S Sulawesi (since April 2012). Based on the fifth amendment of Grand Agreement (14 March 2012), we received Additional Grant of USD 296,950 until 30 October 2012. Considering that the effective start of S Sulawesi activities was two months delay, while we need to strengthen exit strategy in both provinces, in mid June, we submitted revised workplan in Sulawesi along with revised budget and procurement plan to support our proposed no-cost extension until 31 December 2012. 0.2. PNPM-Green facilitation sites in Sulawesi under TF-090977: SE Sulawesi: Muna, Buton and Kolaka Districts, which are composed of 9 sub-districts (kecamatan). Buton District: Pasarwajo, Sampolawa, and Mawasangka; Muna District: Tongkuno, Lawa, and Napabalano; Kolaka District: Ladongi, Lambandia and Watubangga. S Sulawesi: Maros, Wajo and Tana Toraja Districts, which are composed of 9 sub-districts. Maros District: Marusu, Tompobulu and Bontoa; Wajo District: Bola, Takkalalla and Tanasitolo; Tana Toraja District: Gandang Batu Sillanan (Gandasil); Sangala Selatan and Bonggakaradeng. 0.3. The stage of PNPM-Green Cycle: During the reporting period, both provinces for 2012 fiscal year has passed the stage of MAD-II, MAD-III and till the end of June 2012 has reached MD Information or preparation of sub-project implementation. As reported on the previous Quarterly Report (QR 1/JanuaryMarch 2012), the 2011 cycle had reached MDST or hand over the sub-project to village responsibility, during this reporting period has reached maintenance and sustaining stages of the last implemented sub-projects. 0.4. PSF and PMD implementation support mission (18-22 June): We had mid-year implementation support mission: i.e. Pak Saleh Siregar (PSF field team member), Bu Wulan (PSF Communication), Pak Triyoko and Pak Wawan (PMD-Jakarta). The team visited Buton District (Pasarwajo and Mawasangka) and Muna District (Tongkuno, Lawa and Napabalano). During the visit, we facilitated the Team to have a meeting with the Head of BPMD Buton and PJO-Kab Buton (18 June); PJO-Kab Muna, Head of DPRD (Parliament) and Vice Head of DPRD of Muna District (20 June), PJO-Prov (21 June). We also provided feed-back on the first draft of Back to Office Report (BTOR). 0.5. Our principle facilitations in both provinces during the last three months: (a) together with Green-Facilitators facilitated PNPM cycle to ensure that the process follow the spirits of community driven development; (b) provided awareness rising,
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training and field technical assistances to PNPM key actors and stakeholders; (c) facilitated the establishment of demonstration pilots (demplot) to inspire community on site-specific sustainable activities related to NRM, IGA and RE in S Sulawesi Province (d) prepared exit-strategy on the maintenance and development of PNPMGreen investment in S and SE Sulawesi; (i) strengthened community institution (Village Regulation; business development and marketing); (ii) enhanced sense of ownership of key development agents, i.e. extension workers, key village government/KVG and key village champions/KVC etc. at village and (sub) district level; (iii) enhanced sense of ownership of politicians (DPRD) and government on PNPM-Green investment. 0.6. Specific facilitations in SE Sulawesi Province: (a) Continued to conduct intensive facilitation for planting sub-projects implementation and maintenance of 5 villages per Pilot Kecamatan (45 villages); (b) Facilitated Village Regulations on benefit sharing mechanism of planting activities (5 villages); (c) Mainstreamed PNPM-Green at grass-root level through film screening and interactive dialogs at subvillage level during the night using My Darling1 car; (e) Facilitated the visit of DPRD (District Parliament) and relevant SKPD (District Agencies) to PNPM-Green smart practices; (f) Village to village facilitation on sub-project budget making process involving all key village actors and sub-project beneficiaries; (g) Distributed Lestari Desaku magazine; (i) Facilitated secondary school students on tree planting campaign of the spring water catchment areas; (h) Training for FKL and PNPMGreen Key actors. The detail list of activities during the reporting period and its link to Performance Indicators is presented in Appendix 1 of the report. 0.7. Specific facilitations conducted in S Sulawesi Province: We replicated relevant and smart practices activities we have facilitated in SE Sulawesi to S Sulawesi Province, among others: (a) Identify natural resource potential and problem on every sub-district (9 sub-districts); (b) Organized District workshop to socialize the roles of OWT and call for collaborative supports on PNPM-Green implementation; (c) Organized Sub-district workshop (9 Sub-districts) to understand; (i) progress and problems of 2011/2012 project implementation; (ii) NRM potential and problems: (d) Installed ballyhoo to promote PNPM-Green at sub-district level; (e) Mainstreamed PNPM-Green at grass-root level through film screening and interactive dialogs at subvillage level during the night using My Darling car; (f) Village to village facilitation on sub-project budget making process involving all key village actors and sub-project beneficiaries; (g) Conducted intensive facilitation for planting subprojects implementation and maintenance of 5 villages per Pilot Kecamatan (45 villages); (h) Provided technical assistances on biogas installation (Gandasil, Tana Toraja, BLM 2011), self funded biogas installation by local community (Gandasil, Tana Toraja) and facilitated the establishment of biogas demplots (Bola, Wajo; Marusu, Maros); (i) Facilitated the establishment of income generating activities for women groups: (i) plastic waste handicraft (Loro Lestari), Bontoa, Maros; (ii) making fish crackers, Bontoa, Maros; (iii) Mangrove fat fattening, Bontoa, Maros; (iv) mangrove nursery, Bokko Lestari, Bontoa, Maros; (v) Facilitated the establishment of Orchid breeder Anggrek Melona, Makale, Tana Toraja; (j)
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My darling is the acronym of Masyarakat Sadar Lingkungan

Facilitated tree planting (Sukun/Arthocarpus communis) campaigns in Bontoa, Maros (1000 tree seedling planted); (k) Facilitated demplot on the making of livestock fodder Silase and concentrate (Tompobulu, Maros); (l) Youth environmental campaigns on secondary schools students in Wajo, Maros and Tana Toraja; (m) Training for FKL and PNPM-Green Key actors. The detail list of activities during the reporting period and its link to Performance Indicators is presented in Appendix 2 of the report. Some new developments, approaches and important facilitations during the reporting period are highlighted below: Performance Indicator 1: Well-trained PNPM-Green facilitators and other local PNPM stakeholders, who can ignite and facilitate green projects within PNPM, not limited to those within PNPM-Green Target Locations. 1.1. Supported DANIDA training on NRM in Sulawesi and Sumatra: the publication of NRM manual, booklets and fly-over was directly followed with training implementation on NRM for FKL and Setrawan (civil servant facilitators) in four regions (Manado, Makassar, Medan and Bukittinggi) involving participants of three provinces in Sulawesi (North, South, and South-east Sulawesi) and Sumatra (Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra). The training was conducted during June and July 2012.2 We provided full supports on training implementation and delivered 4 subjects, i.e. (a) Introduction of Natural Resource Management; (b) Catchment Area Management; (c) Selection of tree crop species; (d) Tree planting. We also facilitated the preparation and implementation of one-day practical exercise in the field, i.e. Makassar (13 June) and Bukittinggi (4 July). 1.2. Training for UPK, KPMD and PL on PNPM-Green smart practices in S Sulawesi: Considering the limited innovative PNPM-Green sub-projects in South Sulawesi Province, we delivered two days training on PNPM-green smart practices (as already developed in SE Sulawesi, either at demplot or block-grant/BLM subproject). To intensify training implementation, which should be in line with the onsite potential and environmental natural resource problem, the training was organized on every sub-district. 1.3. Training for FKL and PJOK on seed extraction and germination of Jabon Merah (Anthocephalus cadamba) in S and SE Sulawesi (13 June 2012): Jabon Merah is being the most preference fast growing tree species in Sulawesi, as the timber is highly suitable for building construction, the tree stem is straight, while its free branch is higher than other common fast growing species such as Gmelina arborea (Jati Putih) or Albizia falcataria (Sengon). Due to its tiny seeds, farmers often experience difficulties to extract and germinate the seeds. The implication: farmers have to rely on the supply of Jabon Merah seeds and seedlings from Java, which is expensive (7 10 millions/kg), while vulnerable against poor growth and productivity3. Considering the abundant availability of Jabon Merah trees in Sulawesi, there is a pressing need to train farmers on seed extraction and germination. During
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Until the beginning of July 2012, the NRM training has been conducted in Manado (4 8 June); Makassar (11 15 June) and Medan (25 29 June), Bukittinggi (2 6 July). 33 The seeds planted on a certain site are best if they are collected from trees which grow well in that area.

the last two months, we have delivered training on the techniques in Maros, Wajo, Tana Toraja and Kolaka Districts. We made use Danida training in Makassar to train FKL and PJOK from S and SE Sulawesi on Jabon seeds extraction and germination. It was inserted during Danida fieldwork in Tompobulu, Maros. The trainer was OWT farmers training specialist (Pak Mansyur). 1.4. Training for FKL and PJOK on the making liquid fertilizer from cows dung in S and SE Sulawesi (13 June 2012): So far, we have developed liquid fertilizer out of the biogas slurry. Considering biogas installation is costly, we introduced technique to develop liquid fertilizer directly from cow dung. The advantages of liquid fertilizer in comparison to solid fertilizer (compost), the former has better chemical absorption and easier to transport (not so bulky and heavy). Considering the abundant of cows in rural areas, there is another pressing need to train local community on the technique. During the last two months, we have delivered training on the making of liquid fertilizers in S Sulawesi. The training was also inserted during Danida fieldwork. 1.5. Facilitated coordination meeting at district level in S and SE Sulawesi: We continuously facilitate monthly coordination meeting with key PNPM-Green actors and stakeholders at district level. 1.6. Published and distributed Lestari Desaku magazine: On the beginning of June, we published and distributed the first edition of Lestari Desaku (My Sustainable Village; 35 pages), The magazine is aimed as an environmental awareness raising material for key village governments (KVG)/champions (KVC) at sub-district and village level on natural resource management (enhance productive use of local resource); village governance and promotion of PNPM-Green smart practices. A particular green income generating activity is selected as a focus on each edition of the magazine which will be published on quarterly basis. The focus of the first edition is Oyster Mushroom Cultivation (budidaya jamur tiram) as a potential green business in rural area. The focus, apart from discussing technical detail on the key secret success of mushroom cultivation, it also make the readers aware on the key success to start operating the business. The magazine is attached with a DVD film which provides visual detail and soft-file of written manual on the step-by-step process of the cultivation. The list of contact agencies and persons are also provided. The dream behind the making of the magazine is to make rural people aware on their on-site abundant resources which should be able to improve their livelihoods. We need to strengthen village governance to make them independence (mandiri); they should be able to build their life without too much expecting outsiders. The magazine can also be visited on www.owt.or.id 1.7. Published Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials: (a) DVD Film on Catchment Area Management: This DVD film is composed of six films: (i). Manmade natural disaster (Bencana Alam Buatan Manusia); (ii) One Catchment One Management (Satu DAS Satu Pengelolaan); (iii) Planting campaigns in Agam District (Agam Menanam); (iv) Giant Sponge of Indonesia (Karet Busa Raksasa Indonesia); (v) MHP for People and (vi) Nursery development (Persemaian dan Pembibitan).

(b) DVD film on PNPM-Green Smart Practices: This DVD is composed of five films: (i) Vegetative propagation technique (Teknik Pembibitan Vegetatif); (ii) PNPM-Green smart practices (Praktik Cerdas PNPM-Green); (iii) World Bank Supervision Mission in SE Sulawesi; (iv) Mushroom Cultivation (Budidaya Jamur); (v) The making of Kascing Fertilizer (Pupuk Kascing). (c) Two Posters: (i) Save and Protect Watershed Area: for the sustainability of life supporting system from ridge to reef; (ii) Making money out of the waste (Dari Limbah Menjadi Rupiah). Each poster was printed for 1500 copies. Each poster (50 posters for each district) have been framed using woods or aluminum and installed on strategic sites, such as UPK office, district agency offices, village halls, restaurants, schools etc. (d) One leaflet: Selection of tree species for land rehabilitation (Pemilihan Jenis tanaman untuk rehabilitasi lahan). (e) Reprinted seven leaflets: (i) Vegetative propagation technique; (ii) Planting technique; (iii) Planting Gaharu; (iv) Biogas; (v) Organic fertilizer; (vi) CCB; (vii) Nursery. 1,8. Conducted survey on project beneficiaries perception on IEC publication: In response to PSF Task Team suggestion that we need to evaluate the effectiveness of the distributed IEC and film screening, on mid June, we designed questioners and interviewed 200 respondents on each sub-district. The data acquisition has been completed and now is in the processing stage. We will report the feed-back of our published IEC on the next Quarterly Report. Performance Indicator 2: Local community members (including women) who are aware of environmental issues and sustainable natural resource decisions that they can participate in. 2.1. Together with Green Facilitators Facilitated budget design: During April-June, 2012s PNPM-Green cycles in S and SE Sulawesi Provinces have passed MAD-II, MAD-III and MD Information. The critical step between MAD-II and MAD-III was budget (RAB) design. As realized that the output of MAD-II is the rank of village proposal and target number of sub-project (e.g. land rehabilitation area in ha), while the detailed budget has not yet defined during that stage. As such, after MAD-II, PNPM-Green actors have to conduct price survey (e.g. the unit price of tree seedling4 etc.), as reference to count the exact amount of fund required of each sub-project. The budget making was used to be made by FKL with limited involvement of key PNPM actors. Such process was not only lack of transparency and participation, but also negates the need of PNPM actor capacity building on budget development. The poor participation of local development actors (such as KVG) leading to poor ownership of the project. We made use the integration process (where the process is not in a hurry) to stimulate PNPM actors and stakeholders at village level on budget (RAB) making. This included the following process: (a) Together with Astal, FKL, KPMD and TPK to conduct price survey of raw materials; (b) Village to village facilitation
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It was not limited to tree planting sub-project, but all sub-projects, either related with tree planting or non tree planting sub-projects

on sub-project budget making process together with FKL, TPK, KPMD, KVG and involved sub-project beneficiarys candidates. The budget meetings held on Village Office whom KVG are easily involved. The latter involvement may be considered as positive improvement of CDD approach. 2.2. Development and promotion of appropriate technologies: We continuously developed innovative of environmentally sound appropriate technology (Teknologi Tepat Guna/TTG) applicable on rural community and facilitated its adoption. In this Quarter, we have introduced six new innovative green sub-projects: (a) Portable solar drier: It can be used to dry coffee, seaweed, clove, seeds etc. It is made from timber, plastic, and thin metal. We introduced such simple equipment for seaweed farmers in Mawasangka, Buton, SE Sulawesi. The equipment is movable and able to raise air temperature in the dryer room until 60 degree Celsius. (b) Improve electronic set-up to enhance the brightness of LED lamps of Solar Photovoltaic (PLTS) in Mawasangka and Sampolawa, Buton, SE Sulawesi. See Lesson Learned No. 38/2012 in this report. (c) Using aqua-bottles waste which are easily found on the sea-shore for media containers (poly-bags) of mangrove nursery in Bontoa, Maros, S Sulawesi. (d) In line with Government mission to limit the use of benzene, we trained farmers on how to use gas (to replace benzene) as fuel for generator pump to uptake water for sawah (paddy field) irrigation, in Wajo, S Sulawesi. (e) Technique to make liquid fertilizer from livestock dungs in S and SE Sulawesi. (f) Technique to make liquid fertilizer from organic waste (water spinach/Kangkung, water weed/Enceng Gondok) in Tana Sitolo, Wajo, S Sulawesi. 2.3. Reduced marketing facilitation: Understanding that OWT will have limited access to facilitate CCB marketing after the end of PNPM-Green in Buton; we directly linked Kaluku Harapan (KH, village enterprise which produce CCB, Mawasangka) with the Association of Javanese Restaurants (AJR) in SE Sulawesi. AJR is association of small and medium scale Javanese restaurants (Bakso Solo, Sri Solo, Warung Jowo etc.). Since April 2012, we introduced CCB to AJR and since May, we directly linked AJR to KH and let them have direct business transactions. 2.4. Completed first round of film screening through My Darling car: Since March 2012, in collaboration with local NGOs, we have started to use awareness rising car for disseminating environmental issues on every village. Until the end of June May Darling awareness has just completed the first round for Buton, Muna and Kolaka, While for South Sulawesi has just completed Maros and Wajo Districts. The awareness rising methods: (a) During the day: coordination with key village governments and champions and announcement; (b) During the night (7 10 PM): (i) Socialization on PNPM-Green; (ii) Film Screening; (iii) Discussion by delivering list of questions related with films and PNPM-Green Program. The topics of film screening are arranged in line with the main potential resource and environmental problems of the village. To energize participants, we provided prizes for some actives participants (T-shirts and books, about USD 20 in total). Each film screening is normally attended by 100 150 people.

2.5. Facilitated tree planting maintenance for 2011 sub-project: We provided maintenance support on tree planting sub-projects in all targeted districts in S and SE Sulawesi Province. Our support is composed of the following activities: (a) facilitated replanting (penyulaman) about 2 months after planting; (b) facilitated the making of organic fertilizer (Bokashi) and its application; (c) facilitated regular (every two months) weeding and soil tillage surrounding the planted trees. Such event is organized in association with regular village voluntary working day (gotongroyong). This facilitation is important, since after MDST (hand-over meeting), limited PNPM-Green actors who are able to care (including FKL) the fate of PNPMGreen investment. During the last two years (2010 and 2011) we provided special care on tree planting sub-project implementation in SE Sulawesi Province. This includes: (a) Verification on the quality of tree seedlings; (b) Verification the number of planted tree seedlings to compare with Budget planning (RAB); (c) Facilitation of planting activities to ensure that every single tree seedling will be planted properly according to its light demand, cropping pattern (open area or enrichment planting), physiographic of the planting sites (gentle or steep slope) etc. We select 5-6 facilitation villages for each sub-district. Performance Indicator 3.Adoption by regional governments of natural resources governance issues as an integral part of the policy development and decision making process. 3.1. Socialization OWT roles and promotion of PNPM-Green in South Sulawesi Province: Despite PNPM-Green has been operated about five years, there are many key stakeholders at district level who have not yet been familiar with the program. The underlined reasons: (a) frequent tour of duty of key government persons at district level; (b) lack of coordination with key stakeholders at district level. In response to the problems, we made use the socialization of our roles in Tana Toraja, Wajo and Maros Districts to refresh the commitments of key stakeholders at district level to the program. The activities have resulted significant supports to PNPM-Green: (a) Tana-Toraja: BP-DAS Saddang and Tana Toraja District Forestry Agency supplied tree seedlings to support our planting campaigns involving secondary students and local community. We have excellent collaboration to organize planting campaign during the celebration of World Environmental Day (5 June 2012); we also assisted them to plant the remaining tree seedlings stock from Kebun Bibit Rakyat (KBR, community nursery facilitated by BPDAS and Forestry District Agency) which have been over-mature in the nursery and need urgent planting before dry season coming. (b) Wajo: (i) Wajo District Education Agency have supported us to provide NRM training and development of nursery, biogas and organic fertilizer demplots on the secondary schools yards involving students; (ii) Wajo District Forestry Service and Environment Agency (BPLHD) support our regreening initiatives on brick making industrial areas in Tanasitolo, Wajo; (iii) BPLHD allocated working room in their office for OWT staff.

(c) Maros: (i) BPMD together with us to organize 1000 tree seedlings planting during Jambore PNPM (25 June 2012), held in Leang-Leang, Bantimurung, Maros; (ii) Maros District Environmental Agency involved our weekly environmental awareness discussion in the Radio. 3.2. Facilitated field visit to PNPM-Green Smart Practices for DPRD and SKPD in Muna District: To promote PNPM-Green smart practices to key development decision makers in Muna District, we facilitated the visit of Key politicians (DPRD/District parliaments) and Key government officials (head of district agencies) to PNPM-Green smart practices in Tongkuno and Lawa Sub-districts. We were successful to bring the most influencing key persons in Muna District to have groundtruthing: (a) Head and Vice Head of DPRD; (b) Head of Budget Commission and Head of Environmental Commission (DPRD); (c) Head of BPMD, Head of Environmental Agency, Head of Agriculture Agency, Head of Forestry Agency and staff, PJO Kab. During one-day trip, we facilitated them to visit: (a) Demplot fish aggregating device (Rumpon) in Oempu Village, Tongkuno; (b) Planting trees (Biti/Vitex sp) block-grant at Lapandidi Village, Tongkuno: (c) Demplot Biogas and liquid fertilizer making in Lahontohe Village, Tongkuno; (d) Wakante Spring Water Ecotourism in Lahontohe Village, Lawa; (e) Biogas replication funded by Muna District Environmental Agency in Wamelai and Madampi Villages, Tongkuno. DPRD was very impressed on Wakante Ecotourism, as a follow-up the visit, DPRD allocated 300 million (Rp) for 2013 budget year which will be allocated to develop fresh water fish ponds (for fishing site) on the surrounding Ecotourism areas. See also Success Story No. 19/2012. 3.3. Facilitated field visit to PNPM-Green Smart Practices for SKPD in Buton District: We did the same facilitation as we conducted in Muna District. Unfortunately, it is different with Muna; Buton political situation was not conducive due to a long Bupati election political conflicts. We facilitated the Head of Bappeda, Forestry and Agriculture to have groundtruthing on the following sites: (a) Tree planting (Mahoni, Swietenia mahagony) block-grant, Kombeli Village, Pasarwajo; (b) Awainulu Spring Water Ecotourism in Awainulu Village, Pasarwajo; (c) Demplot Smart-Practice House (nursery and organic fertilizer making) in Kahulungaya Village; (d) Manggo planting block-grant in Bangun Village, Sampolawa; (e) Albizia planting block-grant in Sandang Pangan Village; (f) Laloya Spring Water Ecotourism in Gunung Sejuk Village.

Performance Indicator 4: A sustainable capacity among both [PNPM] facilitators and [PNPM] stakeholders of all levels to continue the implementation of locally driven green development investment and to expand its geographic coverage to new areas. 4.1. Promoted PNPM-Green in S Sulawesi Province: We promoted PNPM-Green on South Sulawesi Farmers and Fisher Union (PPNSI) workshop held in Makassar (23 June 2012). All representatives from 25 districts were impressed with OWT smart practices films. We received training and facilitation requests from the representatives of several districts: (a) Goa District asked for biogas training; (b) Sidrap District asked training to process plastic waste for handicraft; (c) Pangkep District asked
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training for organic farming. We will allocate time and resource to train biogas in Goa District and organic farming training in Sidrap District. 4.2. Facilitated the making of Perdes on benefit sharing mechanism in SE Sulawesi: About 70% activities of PNPM-Green sub-projects are tree planting on farmer land, as such, farmers who own and manage their land have better position to access project benefits compared to landless, while the main target of PNPM is poor farmers whom mostly are landless farmers. Similarly with biogas installations (which are installed on farmers house who manage at least two cows), this again put rich farmers on better position to access project benefit rather than the poor. In response to future problem which may arise during tree harvesting and other uses of PNPM-Green investment, we facilitated the formulation of Village Regulation (Perdes) on benefit sharing mechanism of tree planting sub-project in Oengkolaki, Mawasangka (Buton), Gunung Jaya, Ladongi (Kolaka), SE Sulawesi. 4.3. Facilitated the formulation of legal drafting on the use of water resource and protection of spring water catchment areas in Muna District: During the meeting with the Head and Vice Head of DPRD on 20 June, witnessed by the PSF and PMD Implementation Support Mission Team, we agreed to support multi-stakeholders meeting to formulate legal drafting of District Government Regulation (Perda) on the use of water resource and protection of spring water catchment areas in Muna District. 4.4. Stimulated integration of related regional program to support the sustainability of PNPM-Green program in SE Sulawesi: To ensure the sustainability of the program, since 2008, we invited NRM related program to synergize efforts on the smart-practices environmental program which have been initiated by PNPM-Green. Some success stories of the integration program is presented on Section 5 (PNPMGreen beneficiaries stories) in this report. 4.5.Supported PMD to formulate Regulation on Catchment Management: We continuously stimulated Centre PMD (Jakarta) to develop General (Pedoman Umum) and Technical Guidelines (Petunjuk Teknis) on Catchment Area Management Implementation at district level, especially related to capacity building and institutional development. Since December 2011, the Author has been appointed by PMD as member of expert team in the development process of the guidelines. We have also been involved on PMD technical assistance program on catchment area management in the Eastern and Western Indonesia.