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IS-95 Air Interface Standard

CDMA Standards A standard is an agreement as to how a theory or technology will be practiced. It contains the "rules of interoperability" and becomes the guidelines by which different vendors design and manufacture their equipment. It is the job of the standards committee, whose members come from within the industry, to spell out the "rules" in just enough detail to guarantee interoperability. Committee members typically avoid over specification to encourage continuing advances in technology and to foster healthy competition in the marketplace. TIA and ANSI have defined several standards that apply to CDMA at cellular and at PCS frequencies. These are shown in the table below. Subsystem Mobile Base Station Speech Coding Air Interface Cellular Frequencies TIA / IS-98 TIA / IS-97 TIA / IS-96 TIA / IS-95 PCS Frequencies ANSI / J-STD-019 ANSI / J-STD-018 ANSI / J-STD-008

TIA Standards for the cellular frequencies are called interim standards (IS). ANSI Standards for the PCS frequencies are called joint standards (J-STD). The cellular and PCS standards for a particular subsystem are written to be as similar as possible - differing only when the frequency differences make it necessary. Although the constraints imposed by standards are not always welcome ones, telecommunication companies remain highly motivated to conform with them. Why? Quite simply, people do not buy non-compliant systems. Products must be built to standard to have any chance of being viable in the marketplace. Outside of the market, there is no enforcement of standards. Now let's take a closer look at the air interface standards. Air Interface Standards: IS-95 TIA established its TR-45.5 subcommittee in March 1992 with the charter of developing a spread-spectrum digital cellular standard. In July of 1993, TIA approved the Mobile Station - Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-

Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System standard, better known as IS95. IS-95 is the formal definition of the cellular CDMA air interface. It defines the properties that CDMA signals must have at transmission and, subject to propagation changes, the nature of the signal you might expect to pick up at the antenna of a receiver. For example, you've seen that IS-95 specifies a 1.23 MHz bandwidth for the carrier. It also defines quadrature spreading, quadrature modulation and power control strategies. The industry is currently operating under revision A of the cellular air interface standard. Although IS-95A differs only slightly from the prior version, it has added:

13 kbps speech coding. International mobile station identifier (IMSI) addressing. Extended system parameters.

Air Interface Standards: J-STD-008 As PCS technology came on the scene, ANSI developed its PCS air interface standard using IS-95A as a template. ANSI's J-STD-008, the Personal Station - Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum PCS System standard, controls the open-air interface in CDMA PCS systems. This standard serves the same purpose for CDMA PCS that IS-95A serves for CDMA cellular. Air Interface Standards: Comparison Although very similar, the primary differences between IS-95A and J-STD-008 are, as you would expect, found in the frequency plan. Signal processing, including spreading and coding, is identical in the two standards. As this course progresses, a great deal of focus will be placed on the CDMA air interface. Because of the substantial similarities between the cellular and PCS air interface standards, we will not distinguish between the two unless the situation warrants doing so.

Air Interface Standards: IS-95B TIA is currently working on a next version of the IS-95 standard. IS-95B will bring together IS-95A and J-STD-008. It will also:

Add new or enhanced algorithms that improve handoffs both within cells and to other carriers. Enable mobiles to be brought up in handoff state (when in a handoff region). Add DTMF messages.

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