Aliran psikiatriANTECEDENT

A group of student came late at the morning lecture & the lecturer prohibited them to follow the lecture The students reaction are vary : grumbling, angry, go home, etc

Tendency -> explain about personality theory -> by learning new cases & new studies report

(i) Freudian -> Sigmund Freud -> Psychoanalysis (ii) Individual Psychology -> Alfred Adler (iii) Analitical Psychology -> Carl Gustav Jung (iv) British psychoanalytic schools : The Klenian School : Melanie Klein, Wilfred Bion, Donald W Winnicott (v) Psychoanalytic object relation theory : Fairbairn, Michael Balint (vi) The trait approach : genetics of personality : Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell (vii) Interpersonal -> Harry Stack Sullivan, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, et al (viii) Ego Psychoanalysis -> Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, David Rappaport, Erik Erikson et al (ix) Psychobiologic -> Adolf Meyer (x) Learning Theory -> Watson, Wolpe, Pavlov, et al -> Behavior Therapy (xi) Life span approach : Erik Erikson (xii) Humanistic approach : Abraham Maslow,Carl Rogers (xiii) Attachment Theory : John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth (xiv) Hollistic Eclectical -> Kusumanto Setyonegoro Classic Psychoanalysis

- Sigmund Freud : Founder of classic psychoanalysis - In his view, symptoms, thoughts, feelings & behavior could all be viewed as the final common pathways of meaningful psychological process, many of which were unconscious - Topographical Model of the Mind: Unconscious, Pre conscious, Conscious - Unconscious: All of the drive that tries to discharge & all the things that not remembered by the individual; Those element cant reach the conscious level again; Primary process thinking ->

fulfill the need of instinctual drive without delaying it & without thinking about the reality; Unconscious memory -> no connection with the reality (except if there are words or events that interdependent with the memory which fall into oblivion); Limited for the pleasurable needs. - Pre conscious: Door to the conscious & unconscious; Secondary thinking process -> avoiding the unsatisfied, delaying the instinctual drive, considering the external reality, rational & according to condition; Pre conscious = unconscious that easy to recall to become conscious - Conscious: Perceptual apparatus that receive stimuli from outside; Part of mental life that been aware by the individual; Attention cathexis -> Tracking pre conscious & instructing attention for pre conscious; Pre conscious process to become conscious -> hypercathexis - Structural Theory of the Mind: Id, Ego, Super Ego - Id: Basic instinctual drive since birth, Pleasurable principal, Unconscious, Id -> ego & superego (energy & development) - Ego: Personality executive part; Relationship between id & ego; Reality principle; Conscious, pre conscious & unconscious; Secondary process; Ego defense -> unconscious - Superego: Ego conscience & Ego ideal; Ego that experienced particular specialization; Conscious & unconscious; Moral; Oedipal conflict; Ego conscience: right or wrong; Ego ideal: things that been dream by the individu -> inner feeling The Neopsychoanalytic Approach

- Alfred Adler; Carl Gustav Jung; Karen Horney - Adlerian School: Alfred Adler (1870-1930): Individual psychology; Masculine protest: the tendency to move from a passive, feminine role to a masculine active role; Inferiority complex: sense of inadequacy& weakness that is universal & inborn; Birth order results in lifelong influence on character % lifestyle - Jungian School: Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961): analytical psychology; Unconscious: Personal & Collective; Personal:acquisitions of personal life, everything forgotten, repressed, subliminally perceived, thought, felt; Collective :inherited possibility of psychic functioning in general, i.e : structure of the brain; 2 types of personality organizations: Introverts & Extroverts; Introverts: focus on their inner world of thoughts, intuitions, emotions & sensations; Extroverts: more oriented toward the outer world, other persons & material goods; Each person has a mixture of both components; Persona, the mask covering personality: the face a person presents to the

outside world; Anima: mans undeveloped feminity; Animus: womans undeveloped masculinity - Karen Horney (1885-1952): Persons current personality attributes result from the interaction between the person & the environment & are not solely based on infantile libidinal strivings carried over from childhood; Holistic psychology Psychobiologic

- Adolf Meyer : Learning living human -> observed the whole thing about the man; The whole thing from the man -> integration from the arranged function hierarchyly; Individu & its behavior -> interaction from various factor : .. dynamic, somatic, psychologic & social process - When facing a case : dynamic, genetic, psychobiologic, objective & common sense principality - Objective : human behavior can be observe objectively - Common sense : Human must be critical; according to order which have been agreed on; Theory which have been agreed on have to be applied according to requirement of public society. The Interpersonal & Cultural Approach

- Erich Fromm; Harry Stack Sullivan; Henry Murray - Erich Fromm (1900-1980): 5 character types that are common to & determined by, Western culture: 1. receptive personality: passive 2. exploitative personality: manipulative 3. marketing personality: opportunistic & changeable 4. hoarding personality: saves & stores 5. productive personality: mature & enjoy love & work - Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949): Prototaxic mode: undifferentiated thought that cannot separate the whole into parts or use symbols. Occurs in infancy & schizophrenic patients; Parataxic mode: events are causally related because of temporal or serial connection; Syntaxic mode: logical, rational & most mature type of cognitive functioning of which person is capable - Henry Murray (1893-1988): Personology: study of human behavior; Focused on motivation, a need that is aroused by internal or external stimulation; Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Behavioral Theory

- Something that resulted from learning process learn ought to earn to be improve by learning process too. - Behavioral theory: Classical conditioning therapy & Operant conditioning therapy - Classical conditioning therapy (dealing with reflectory behavior): (a) Reciprocal inhibition: patient conduct behavior which as reciprocal from the arising out physical symptom -> reducing or overcoming the anxiety (b) Desensitization: patient alternately think of or write down what the scariest thing until the less fearful (c) Aversive conditioning : giving unpleasant stimuli for the patient when they do something inappropriate - Operant conditioning theory: Changing /eliminating behavior that had been done voluntarily = behavior modification Learning Theory

- Classical conditioning: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov - Operant conditioning: BF Skinner - Social learning: Albert Bandura & Julian Rotter The Trait Approach: The Genetics of Personality

- Gordon Allport & Raymond Cattell - Gordon Allport (1896-1967): The founder of humanistic school of psychology; Propriem: strivings related to maintenance of self identity & self esteem; Traits: chief units of personality structure; Personal dispositions: individual traits that represent the essence of an individuals unique personality; Maturity: capacity to relate to others with warmth & intimacy & an expended sense of self - Raymond Cattell (1905-1998): Introduced the use of multivariate analysis & factor analysisstatistical procedures that simultaneously examine the relations among multiple variables & factors to the study of personality

Life span approach: Erik Erikson

- 8 stages of the life cycle: 1. Trust vs Mistrust (0-18 months) 2. Autonomy vs Shame & doubt (18 months-3 years) 3. Initiative vs Guilt (3-5 years) 4. Industry vs Inferiority (5-13years) 5. Identity vs Role Confusion (13-21years) 6. Intimacy vs Isolation (21-40 years) 7. Generativity vs Stagnation (40-60 years) 8. Integrity vs Despair (60 years death) Hollistic Eclectic

- Eclectic = accepting all real correct fact and reality and there is relation with the patient suffer - Hollistic = to exert to look into all manpower energy as a unique individual in its struggle for the perfect recovering of physical and mental health.

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ALIRAN-ALIRAN DALAM PSIKIATRI

1. Freudian Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 2. Individual Psychology Alfred Adler 3. Analitical Psychology Carl Gustav Jung 4. British psychoanalytic schools The Klenian School Melanie Klein, Wilfred Bion, Donald W. Winnicott 5. Psychoanalytic Object Relation Theory Fairbairn, Michael Balint 6. The Trait Approach genetics of personality Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell 7. Interpersonal Harry Stack Sullivan, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, et al 8. Ego Psychoanalysis Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, David Rappaport, Erik Erikson et al 9. Psychobiologic Adolf Meyer 10. Learning Theory Behavior Therapy Watson, Wolpe, Pavlov, et al 11. Life span approach Erik Erikson 12. Humanistic approach Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers 13. Attachment Theory John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth 14. Hollistic Eclectical Kusumanto Setyonegoro