Java

It is programming language which is usually associated to world wide web . Java began its life as programming language oak

Oak
It is developed by the members of green project . 1. Patrick naughton 2. Mike Sheridan 3. James gosling This group is formed in 1991 to create smart electronics market. Chief programmer of sun Microsoft was james gosling . Create a software which is based on power of networking and can run on different kinds of computers, consumer gadgets and other devices . since oak has given a new name java .

Mosaic is the first graphical browser

Java work from smallest device to supper computer with independence of hardware, network and operating system.

Features of java
Java is a simple language easy to learn. Java programmer do not need to know the internal of java Syntax of java is similar to that of c++. Java defines data as objects with methods that support the object. Java is object oriented programming. Java provides abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. All code written in java are inside class. Java can access data from web as it access from local system. One can built distributed application in java that use resources from any other network computer Java is both interpreted and compiled. Code in java are compiled in bytecode that is binary and platform independent. When program has to be run it is fetched in memory and than interpreted Java code is portabe.

Java is able to handle unexpected error that ensure that java program is reliable,bug free, and do not crush Due to type-checking in java any change in program on user-machine is tag as error that why java programs are secure. Java is fast . It is a dynamic language with multithreading. Architecture neural and high performance.

Compile
When code is compiled all errors are listed together and execution is only possible when we rectify all errors one by one

Interpreter
Interpreter verify the code and execute them one by one In java it is easy to debug the program but the drawback is that it takes more time in compilation

Compilation
Compilation is a process of converting human readable language into machine language . compiler check syntax error in program. Note: due to bytecode java can be run on any machine.

Difference between c++ and java

In c++ programmer handles memory manipulation, whereas java handle the required memory manipulation, and thus prevent errors that aries due to improper memory usage.

Bytecode
The key that allows Java to solve both the security and the portability problems just described is that the output of a Java compiler is not executable code. Rather, it is bytecode.

Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the Java run-time system, which is called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an interpreter for bytecode. Translating a Java program into bytecode helps make it much easier to run a program in a wide variety of environments. The reason is straightforward: only the JVM needs to be implemented for each platform. Once the run-time package exists for a given system, any Java program can run on it. Remember, although the details of the JVM will differ from platform to platform, all interpret the same Java bytecode. If a Java program were compiled to native code, then different versions of the same program would have to exist for each type of CPU connected to the Internet. This is, of course, not a feasible solution. Thus, the interpretation of bytecode is the easiest way to create truly portable programs. The fact that a Java program is interpreted also helps to make it secure. Because the execution of every Java program is under the control of the JVM, the JVM can contain the program and prevent it from generating side effects outside of the system. As you will see, safety is also enhanced by certain restrictions that exist in the Java language. When a program is interpreted, it generally runs substantially slower than it would run if compiled to executable code. However, with Java, the differential between the two is not so great. The use of bytecode enables the Java run-time system to execute programs much faster than you might expect.
The Internet helped catapult Java to the forefront of programming, and Java, in turn, has had a profound effect on the Internet. The reason for this is quite simple: Java expands the universe of objects that can move about freely in cyberspace. In a network, two very broad categories of objects are transmitted between the server and your personal computer: passive information and dynamic, active programs. For example, when you read your e-mail, you are viewing passive data. Even when you download a program, the programs code is still only passive data until you execute it. However, a second type of object can be transmitted to your computer: a dynamic, self-executing program. Such a program is an active agent on the client computer, yet is initiated by the server. For example, a program might be provided by the server to display properly the data that the server is sending. As desirable as dynamic, networked programs are, they also present serious problems in the areas of security and portability. Prior to Java, cyberspace was effectively closed to half the entities that now live there. As you will see, Java addresses those concerns and, by doing so, has opened the door to an exciting new form of program: the applet