Name ______________________________________________________ Date ____________________

Chapter 13: The Renaissance

SECTION 1 The Evolution of the Italian Renaissance 413-446 1. Describe the new social class in twelfth-century Italy called the urban nobility. How and why did this social class come into being and how did it affect the movement toward republican government?

2.

What ve powers dominated the Italian peninsula in the fteenth century? How did the Italian city-states contribute to modern diplomacy?

Important terms a. b. c. d. e. f. Renaissance Oligarchy signori communes popolo Savonarola

SECTION 2 Intellectual Hallmarks of the Renaissance 419-422 1. How does the concept of individualism help explain the Renaissance? Did women and common people play a role in the Renaissance?

2.

What is humanism? What do humanists emphasize?

Important terms

a. b. c. d. e. f.

humanism secularism individualism materialism Pico della Mirandola Lorenzo Valla

SECTION 3 Art and the Artist 422-428 1. How was Renaissance art different from medieval art?

Important terms a. Donatello INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY LEONARDO DA VINCI 1. How would you explain Leonardos genius?

SECTION 4 Social Change during the Renaissance 428-438 1. How did the invention of movable type revolutionize European life?

2.

Why were blacks valued in Renaissance society? What roles did they play in the economic and social life of the times?

3.

In what ways did life for upper-class women change during the Renaissance?

Important terms a. Machiavellian b. Castiglione c. Niccolo Machiavelli

d. Johan Gutenberg SECTION 5 The Renaissance in the North 438-441 1. How did the Renaissance in northern Europe differ from that of Italy?

2.

Discuss Christian humanism by describing the works and ideas of Thomas More and Desiderius Erasmus.

Important terms a. b. c. d. Desiderius Erasmus Jan Van Eyck Thomas More Francois Rabelais

SECTION 6 Politics and the State in the Renaissance 441-446 1. Why did Italy become a battleground for the European superpowers after 1494?

2.

What were the obstacles to royal authority faced by the kings of France in the fteenth century? How did Charles VII and his successors strengthen the French monarchy?

3. What devices did Henry VII of England use to check the power of the aristocracy and strengthen the monarchy?

4. What were the achievements of Ferdinand and Isabella in the areas of national power and national expansion? 5. Who were the New Christians (converses) in Spain and why were they ultimately killed or expelled?

Important terms a. b. c. d. e. reconquista Spanish converses hermandades English Royal Council and Court of Star Chamber Habsburg-Valois wars

NEW MONARCHS Explain why each of the following is considered a new monarch. a. Louis XI of France

b. Henry VII of England

c. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

d. Charles VII of France

LISTENING TO THE PAST AN AGE OF GOLD 1. What does Erasmus mean by a golden age?

2. Does education and learning ensure improvement in the human condition?

3. What would you say are the essential differences between Erasmuss educational goals and those of modern society?

Name ______________________________________________________ Date ____________________

Chapter 14: The Reformation

SECTION 1 THE CONDITION OF THE CHURCH 454-456 1. What were some of the signs of disorder within the early sixteenth-century church? What impact did church wealth have on the condition of the church?

2. What were some of the signs of religious vitality in fteenth- and earlysixteenth-century society?

Important terms: a. pluralism b. Brethren of the Common Life c. beneces SECTION 2 MARTIN LUTHER AND THE BIRTH OF PROTESTANTISM 456-466 1. What circumstances prompted Luther to post his Ninety-ve Theses?

2. Describe the practice of indulgence selling. What authority did Luther question and on what argument did he base his position?

3. What were Luthers answers, as delineated in the Confession of Augsburg, to the four basic theological issues?

4. What effect did Luthers concept of state authority over church authority have on German society and German history?

Important terms: a. The German Peasants Revolt of 1525

b. Ulrich Zwingli c. John Tetzel d. Preacherships SECTION 3 GERMANY AND THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 466-470 1. Charles V has been considered a medieval emperor. In what respects is this true? What were the origins of his empire?

Important terms: a. Charles V b. Peace of Augsburg SECTION 4 THE GROWTH OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 470-477 1. Why was Calvins Geneva called the city that was a church? What is a theocracy?

2. In what ways were the Anabaptists radical for their time? Why did many of their beliefs cause them to be bitterly persecuted?

3. What were the causes and results of the English Reformation?

4. What was the Elizabethan settlement?

Important terms: a. b. c. d. e. John Knox Archbishop Cranmer Henry VIII Mary Tudor Act of Restraint of Appeals

SECTION 5 THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION & COUNTER-REFORMATION 477-483 1. What were the goals and methods of the Ursuline order and the Society of Jesus?

2. What were the achievements of the Council of Trent?

3. What was the Inquisition? How extensive was its power?

Important terms: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Pope Paul III Council of Trent Counter-Reformation Holy Office The Imitation of Christ Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Define the basic beliefs of the following Christian Religions and Churches: a. b. c. d. e. f. Roman Catholicism Lutheranism Calvinism Anabaptism Church of England Presbyterian Church of Scotland

INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY TERESA OF AVILA (1515-1582) 1. How did the sixteenth-century convent life reects the values of Spanish society?

2. How does Teresa of Avila represents the spirit of the Catholic Reformation?

Name ______________________________________________________ Date ____________________

Chapter 15: The Age of Exploration & Religious Wars

SECTION 1 Politics, Religion, and War 490-502 1. In what ways and why were the wars of the late sixteenth century di!erent from the earlier medieval wars?

2.

What were the causes and consequences of the French civil war of 1559 to 1589? Was the war chiey a religious or political event?

3.

What were the origins and the outcome of the war between the Netherlands and Spain in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?

4. What were the circumstances surrounding Elizabeths decision to aid the United Provinces in their war against Spain? What was the Spanish reaction?

5. Why did Catholic France side with the Protestants in the Thirty Years War?

6. What were the political, religious, and economic consequences of the Thirty Years War in Europe?

Important terms: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. French politiques Elizabeth I of England Huguenots Philip II of Spain Habsburg-Valois wars Alexander Farnese Defeat of the Spanish Armada Concordat of Bologna

i. j. k. l.

Peace of Westphalia Saint Bartholomews Day massacre War of the Three Henrys Edict of Nantes

SECTION 2 Discovery, Reconnaissance, and Expansion 1. Describe the Portuguese explorations. Who were the participants and what were their motives?

Important terms: a. Prince Henry the Navigator b. Christopher Columbus c. Bartholomew Diaz SECTION 3 Later Explorers 1. What role did Antwerp and Amsterdam play in international commerce?

2.

Why was there such severe ination in the sixteenth century?

3.

What were the MOST signicant factors brought about by the Columbian voyages?

Important terms: a. b. c. d. e. f. mercantilism ination Hernando Cortez quinto audiencia corregidores

SECTION 4 Changing Attitudes 1. What was the social status of women between 1560 and 1648?

2.

What do the witch hunts tell us about social attitudes toward women?

Important terms: a. b. c. d. sexism racism skepticism misogyny

SECTION 5 Literature and Art 1. What is skepticism? Why did faith and religious certainty begin to decline in the rst part of the seventeenth century?

2. What were the major literary masterpieces of this age? What were the themes of Shakespeares plays?

3. Describe the baroque style in the visual arts and in music.

Important terms: a. Baroque b. Michel de Montaigne INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY JUAN DE PAREJA 1. Since slavery was an established institution in Spain, speculate on Velazquezs possible reasons for giving Pareja his freedom.