THE VARIETY OF RESOURCES ON EARTH ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES English 1.

The resources on earth exist in three different forms i.e as elements, compounds and mixtures. 2. generally, matter can be divided into elements, compounds and mixtures and classified as follows Melayu 1. sumber-sumber Bumi wujud dalam tiga keadaan yang berbeza iaitu unsure, sebatian dan campuran 2. Secara amnya jirim boleh dibahagikan kepada unsure, sebatian dan campuran serta dikelaskan seperti berikut :

Matter Element Compound Mixture

Metal

Non-Metal Element Unsur 1. Unsur adalah bahan yang tidak boleh dipisahkan kepada bahan yang lebih ringkas oleh sebaran proses fizik atau kimia 2. Unsur adalah jirim yang paling ringkas

1. An element is a substance which cannot be split up into simpler substances by any physical or chemical process 2. An element is the simplest kind of matter

3. Suatu unsur terdiri daripada satu jenis zarah sahaja 3. An element is a substance made up of one type of particle only 4. The particles in an element consist of atoms or molecules of the same type 5. Copper, iron, lead, gold, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. are examples of elements. 4. Zarah-zarah unsur terdiri daripada atom atau molekul yang sama jenis 5. Kuprum, besi, plumbum, emas, oksigen, hydrogen, nitrogen dan sebagainya adalah contoh-contoh unsur

Classification of elements as metals and non-metals 1. Elements can be classified as either metallic 1. Unsur boleh dibahagikan kepada logam dan bukan elements or non- metallic elements logam 2. All metallic elements are solid at room 2. Semua unsur logam berada dalam keadaan pepejal temperature except for mercury dalam suhu bilik kecuali merkuri 3. Non-metallic elements can exist in three 3. Unsur bukan logam boleh wujud dalam tiga state i.e. solid, liquid and gaseous keadaan, iaitu pepejal, cecair dan gas

Metal

Non-metal

Logam

Bukan logam

A shiny appearance Hard, malleable and ductile Conduct heat and electricity High melting and boiling points The density of metals is high The tensile strength of metals is high

A dull appearance Soft and brittle Do not conduct heat and electricity (insulator) Low melting and boiling points The density is usually low The tensile strength is low

Permukaan berkilat Keras, boleh ditempa dan mulur Mengalirkan haba dan elektrik Takat lebur dan takat didih tinggi Ketumpatan adalah tinggi Kekuatan regangan adalah tinggi SEBATIAN 1. 2.

Permukaan pudar Lembut dan rapuh Tidak mengalirkan haba dan elektrik (penebat) Takat lebur dan takat didih rendah Ketumpatan selalunya rendah Kekuatan regangan adalah rendah

COMPOUND 1. A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined together The properties of a compound are different from those of their constituent elements. A compound becomes on entirely new substance and the original substances do not keep their original properties Examples of compounds are iron rust (iron dioxide), magnesium oxide, carbon dioxide and copper sulphate A compound may be separated into its elements by using electricity (a chemical process). For example, when an electric current passes through a copper chloride solution, the copper chloride breaks up into solid copper and gaseous chlorine. The process in which this occurs is called electrolysis Electrolysis

Sebatian merupakan bahan yang mengandungi dua atau lebih unsur yang berpadu secara kimia Sifat sebatian berbeza daripada sifat unsur yang membentuknya. Sebatian menjadi bahan baru dan bahan yang asal tidak mengekalkan ciri yang asal.

2.

3.

3.
4.

Contoh-contoh sebatian ialah karat besi ( besi oksida), karbon dioksida, dan kuprum sulfat. Sebatian boleh diasingkan kepada unsur-unsurnya dengan menggunakan arus elektrik (proses kimia). Contohnya, bila suatu arus elektrik mengalir melalui larutan kuprum klorida, sebatian kuprum klorida akan terasing menjadi pepejal kuprum dan gas klorin. Proses yang berlaku disebut elektrolisis.

4.

Copper chloride (compound)

copper ( element)

chlorine (element)

MIXTURE 1. A mixture is a substance that consists of two or more substances which are not joined together chemically 2. There is no chemical reaction in the formation of mixtures 3. The constituents of a mixture keep their own original properties which are unchanged 4. A mixture may consist of elements, compound or both. Also the substances I a mixture may be in solid, liquid or gaseous state.

CAMPURAN 1. Campuran mengandungi lebih daripada dua atau bahan yang tidak berpadu secara kimia. 2. Tindak balas kimia tidak berlaku semasa suatu campuran terbentuk 3. Sifat juzuk-juzuk yang terdapat di dalam suatu campuran tidak berubah 4. suatu campuran mungkin mengandungi unsur, sebatian atau kedua-duanya sekali. Suatu campuran juga boleh wujud dalam keadaan pepejal, cecair dan gas