Lightwave 2007 01

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FTTH

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1 2007

, 2007 Lightwave Russian Edition
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FTTH, 25 , ) CSTB2007 (
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LIGHTWAVE RE

Russian Conference on Optical Communication.
, 16 17 2007 .,
-,
,
.

1.
2.
3.
4.
.
- .
.
.

E-mail: conference@lightwave-russia.com.
.: (095) 939-3194
2
www.lightwave-russia.com
LIGHTWAVE Russian Edition 1 2007
1 2007
:
1/2007
2003 .
4 .
FTTH

CWDM
:
Pennwell Corp.
98 Spit Brook Road, Nashua
New Hampshire 03062-5737 USA
.: +1 603 891-0123
1 2007
:

Pennwell Corp.
E-mail: info@lightwave-russia.com
. 4
FTTH

?
33
. 12
Ethernet

38
:
, 119311 , / 107

,
.

77-14327 10.01.2003
ISSN 1727-7248

, 2007
:
,

-
, , . 5, . 6
./: 995-15-99, 995-45-99

24
:
,

5.03.2007.
6090/8.
Helios. .
. . . 7,0.
4000 . ---
Ethernet

CWDM
:

:

.: (495) 505-5753
mk@lightwave-russia.com
FTTH
FREE
16 WDM
:

.: (495) 939-3194
editor@lightwave-russia.com
:

.: (495) 726-9285
muslimova@lightwave-russia.com
. 51

.

47
48
50 -
51
:

,
36222;

--2003
.: (495) 500-00-60,
www.interpochta.ru
:
.: (495) 505-57-53
FTTH
(STEPHEN HARDY)
FTTH, 25 - -,

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FTTH ,
.

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FTTH , (Michael
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,
, ,
, FTTH-
,
,
, FTTH, 6 .
1%
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63,5% (.
).
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PON, Ethernet

34%.

: BPON 28%,
EPON 21%, GPON 18%.
Verizon . -
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, (Bob Ingalls
. FTTH- Verizon
Jr.), Verizon
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, FTTN AT&T,
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. , Verizon
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(8 /, MPEG4),
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2006
FTTH
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AT&T, , , . -
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. (Hiromichi
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Service Systems Laboratories NTT, , ADSL-
2006 .
, FTTH-
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,

ADSL FTTH ,
,

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, 2010
30 .
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GEPON
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10- EPON , . BPON- GEPON-
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access, WDM PON-.
, WDM access . -
(ONUs), .
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64 .
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,
.

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WDM PON ONU , - . WDM, , ,
, , Novera Optics
.

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, TDMA.
ETRI , 10 / TDMA PON
2008
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1,25 / . ETRI 10- TDMA PON.
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FTTH , . . (Gilles Coullon),

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Lozano),
Telefonica de Espana,
.
EPON-,
,
. . ,
GPON-, . , ,
. . , FTTH ,
Telefonica
FTTH FTTX.

Lightwave, November 2006
, .
, .
6 . , 1 . ,
.
FiOS
(FTTP),
Verizon. Fios , .
MSO , .
DOCSIS 3.0 (Data-over-Cable Service
Interface Specifications)
,

160 / ( 6 256 QAM)
120 /.

, , . DOCSIS IP,
.
CISCO
, Cisco Systems
Cisco EDFA , ,
, . 1993
.
, .

Cerent (USA)
1999 .

, SONET.
. 1.
,
,
,

1997
Cisco , 64 .

, 10 /,
. 1999
40 /.
Cisco 2001
Pirelli Optical Systems, ,
160
10 / , 2002
(DWDM)
Cisco ,
. 1987 .
Pirelli Optical Systems Southampton
2004
University
ONS 15454,

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(HDTV), ,
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IP-.

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90%.
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FTTH FREE
(KURT RUDERMAN), Lightwave Europe
Free,
,
FTTH , FTTH .
-
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Free
,
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FTTX France Telecom , ,
.
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.

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FTTH,
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, 2006 800 FTTX.

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, . (
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. , ,

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. ,
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.

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Free , HDTV

FTTH. , HDTV , , HDTV HDTV.
Free
FTTH Free . ,

DSL,

FTTH. , FTTH-,
2007 2012
4
. Free . , -
Iliad Group,
50- FTTH- $29,90, ADSL2+.
.

DSL. , 50- FTTH-
, 20- DSL,
.
Free , DSL 15%. - ,
ADSL FTTH
Free 350 .
,

FTTH, Free Citefibre, ,
FTTH. Free FTTH 15- .
Free

, France
Telecom, .
France Telecom, , , FTTX- ,

.
, -
FTTH, France Telecom FTTH GPON FTTH. , ARCEP.
ARCEP, ,
France Telecom

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,
FTTH -. ,
.
France Telecom

.
Free,
Ethernet , 720 Draka. - IDATE, ,
,
30%.
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, .
Free
France
Telecom
Free.
France Telecom FTTH Telefonica
Telecom Italia,
GPON FTTH.

PON,
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FTTH

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France Telecom.
France Telecom,
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2006,
,
FTTH.
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Telecom
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VDSL
GPON FTTH
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, .
4
2006 .
.

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.
Free , , Free . Free
FTTH- , , .
, , , , .

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.
2007. Hauts-de-Seine, ,
France Telecom FTTH. 2005 - ,
Hauts-de-Seine, , .
2006 , CiteFibre
Erenis, ,
, FTTX .
10
Erenis
FTTB/ADSL- 2002
. CiteFibre
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Telecom Free.

FTTH
France Telecom,
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( 11 600 2002) 4 FTTH 2012 .
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1996 .
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, , .

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Telefonica, ,
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GPON FTTH,
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, ,
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& Service Deutsche Telekom, , fibre-to-the-curb
(FTTC)/VDSL 2,9
10 2005
. :
- . .
,
.
,
Telecom Italias, , FTTH. FTTH
2007 , FTTC, , - , .
FTTB.
FTTH. GPON.

Lightwave Europe, December 2006
,

1. .. FTTH //
Lightwave Russian Edition, 2005, 4, . 16.
2. . FTTH
//
3. FTTH
// Lightwave Russian
Edition, 2005, 1, . 5.
ETHERNET

(DAVID PARKS), Ciena
- IP- ,

. , Ethernet, Ethernet
.

, Ethernet. ,
, , (OAM),
50 . ,
Ethernet , TDM ATM. ,

, Ethernet SONET/SDH.

Ethernet,
.

Ethernet .
(N)/G.709, ,
12
, , Ethernet ( . [1, 2], .

).
Ethernet

Ethernet , , . ,
,
, ,
(private lines). ,
Ethernet,
IPTV 50 . .
.
Ethernet ,
. Ethernet
SONET/SDH,
Ethernet-,
IP.
Ethernet- -
.
,
-
. 25 / IP .
, OTN WDM.

,
, , ,
.
Ethernet

Ethernet
,
.
LAN,
,
Ethernet , .
Ethernet
, .
.
, Ethernet
.
Ethernet
(VLANs)
1 /, 10 /,
100 /.
. Ethernet
.
. 1. Ethernet. OTN/G.709,

, Ethernet,

,
, (VPNs)
. Ethernet
(QoS),
.
. Ethernet ,
.
50 ( SONET/SDH) , .
. Ethernet
, OAM-.
.

. Ethernet ,

.

Ethernet
Ethernet ,
Ethernet .
,

(IETF), 1- 2-
IP/MPLS; ITU G.709 OTN
SONET/SDH
WDM-
40 / G.ASON GMPLS

.
. 1,
,
.

. OTN : .
OTN ( ) Ethernet, .
OTN , SONET/SDH.
, SONET/SDH, OTN
, . , OTN

OC-192/STM-64 10,7 / Ethernet LAN PHY
OTN-. OTN SONET/SDH Ethernet.
,
Fibre Channel, ESCON FICON,
. 2.
. OTN
SONET/SDH,
13

, Ethernet IP Ethernet

SONET/SDH.
IP/MPLS-,
,
.
, Ethernet, , . ,
, ITU G.ASON.
ITU G.ASON
,
Ethernet-. ,
TDM
Frame Relay ATM-
.

Ethernet
,
. 3.
Ethernet
Ethernet .
.
Ethernet

,

.

,
dry Martini. Dry Martini
- .
Ethernet
,

QoS (. 2).
OTN ,
, OTN, MPLS.
.

.
. ,
Ethernet
,
, SONET/SDH.

, Ethernet ,
.

. 4.
IP/MPLS ,
. ,
Ethernet. , ,

,

Ethernet MPLS, .. ,
OTN,
1- 2- IP- .
draft Martini
RFC 3916 .
1- 2- ,
IP/MPLS, . 3. -
14
Ethernet
.
,

Ethernet
.
.
, , , 90 .
Ethernet
. . 4
, .
, ,

, , .

, NE , . NE . , ,

, , .
, .
Ethernet,
, ..
.
,

Ethernet (SLAs) .
, .. ,
,
. . 5

.
Ethernet

, Ethernet
.

IP-,
.
Ethernet
, , , , , , ,
. -
Ethernet-
, ,
QoS, ,
, TDM.
Ethernet

. 5. .
. Ethernet

. ,

,
,
, VPN-.

.
Ethernet
.

Ethernet
Lightwave, August 2006
. G.709 OTN , ,

1. .
SONET/SDH. Ethernet

// Lightwave Russian Edition,
Ethernet/OTN ,
2006, 2, . 28.
Ethernet- Ethernet-WAN .
2. ..
, ITU G.ASON NGN // Lightwave Russian Edition,
2006, 2, . 18.
OTN
3. .., ..
, PON. 2 Ethernet
. // Lightwave Russian Edition,
Ethernet
2005, 3, . 19.

21
(BT) Nortel Siemens
Ethernet
21
(21st Century Network).

(Provider Backbone Bridging Traffic Engineering).
PBB-TE .
15
WDM

CWDM
.. , ,
MRV Communications WDM
CWDM
,
. ,

.
,

.

CWDM . -

( access), (WDM).
MRV Communications , 90%
CWDM

, ,
(saturation). ,
, CWDM,
. ,
, Ethernet
(/ Link Up)
.
Ethernet IP-. IP-,
. , ,
. 1. CWDM
16
WDM
.
SFP (Digital
Diagnostics DD).

(RX Power) ,
1
,
DD
SFP
. 2.

*******************************
,
44/111
3,3916
TX ,
29,598
TX , /
1,8/1,531
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13,8/0,041
.
(TX Power) ,
end-to-end
, , ,
(). CWDM,
(
, ,
, ).

CWDM
.
. ,
, access (, SDH, -
CWDM),
( WDM)
, .

,
.

CWDM-
( SNMP-, telnet).
CWDM 2
()
()
. . . . . . . . .
()
(DD)
()
()
()
MRV Communications ( www.mrv.ru)

SFP-GD-LX
SFP
Singlemode
GE/FC
1310
22
24
13
19
10
SFP-GD-ELX
SFP
Singlemode
GE/FC
1310
24
26
17
21
25
SFP-GD-XD
SFP
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GE/FC
1550
2,5
24
26
19
23,5
50
SFP-GD-ZX
SFP
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GE/FC
1550
24
26
24
28
80
SFP-GD-EZX
SFP
Singlemode
GE/FC
1550
32
34
32
36
120
Finisar ( www.finisar.com)
FTRJ1319F1xTL
SFP
Singlemode
GE/FC
1310
9,5
21
22
11,5
19
10
FTRJ1519P1xCL
SFP
Singlemode
GE/FC
1550
21
22
21
27
80
FTRJ1619P1xCL
SFP
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GE/FC
1550
28
30
28
35
110
18
WDM
3
CWDM
()
()
.
. .
()
.
()
.
()
()
(DD)
MRV Communications ( www.mrv.ru)

SFP-27DCWEIR-
Multi-Rate
CWDM SFP
(100/ 13101610
Singlemode
2,7 /)
22
20
60
SFP-27DCWLR-
Multi-Rate
CWDM SFP
(100/ 13101610
Singlemode
2,7 /)
30
26
100
Finisar ( www.finisar.com)
FWDM-1521-7D-xx
Multi-Rate
CWDM SFP
(100/ 13101610
Singlemode
2,7 /)
20
18
50
FWDM-1621-7D-xx
Multi-Rate
CWDM SFP
(100/ 13101610
Singlemode
2,7 /)
28
26
100
. . 1 - ( WDM).
end-to-end :
access

WDM .
,

, :
Pout
(Output Power);
Pin
(Input Power);
Psens (Receiver
Sensitivity);
Psat
(Saturation
Power).

:
Psens < Pin < Psat

,
(. . 2):
Psens (min) + 3
< Pin < Psat (min)
,
,
3 dB .
2 SFP Gigabit Ethernet
. 3 SFP
CWDM.

CWDM
-.
CWDM
( - OADM),
CWDM-
.
CWDM-

,
CWDM.
19
WDM

.. ,

. 2000 , , . , .

1990-
. , ..
.
, ,

.
.
.

,
,
20
10 /. ,
, [1].

.

(EDC Electronic
Dispersion Compensation) ,

(40 /
TDM- 100 / Ethernet- ). , n-
n , , n2-
, .
, ,
(ISI
Intersymbol Interference),
[2, 3].
(CD
Chromatic Dispersion) G.652 10
/ 1550 40 .
,
.
CD
.
(
).
,
.
CD .

()
.

.
, ( ),
. -
, - CD.
, , 2,5 /
10
/ . , . , ,

, -
WDM
10 /.

[3].

[5, 6].
,
3.2.

)
)

.
. 1.
(
). - ()
, , ,
( , CD ,
), .
.
- (FIR Finite Impulse Response):
3.1.
,

,
[4]:
,

.

-

.
. .
. x (n), y (n) 1
, , n - , c0, , cM :

, z1 NRZ- ( .
, .. ), , y(n) (
( y(n1)),
);

- (
.
, IIR Infinite Impulse Response).
,

. ,
. . 1 NRZ,
,

.

CD :
, : CRZ, CSRZ,
APRZ.
.
.
(1000 ),

,
.
.
,
, .
. CD
CD NRZ , . 2. ,
.

. ,
: , /

, 40
.
22
WDM
. 2.

, .
- (D/A),
.
4.

: ,
.

,
.

. ,
(
).

(FFE Feed
Forward Equalizer) / (DFE Decision
Feedback Equalizer), ( ,
) (. 3). FFE
-, DFE
- (. ). FFE- , DFE-
.

(. . 3)
,
(MSE Mean Square Error). MSE yn an :
.
, ,
, (MLSE Maximum
Likelihood System Estimation).
N MLSE- 2N ,
MSE [4].
5.
)

(), ().
)
,
DCF. .
1. .
,
// Lightwave
Russian Edition, 2005, 3, 1920
2. ..
//
Lightwave Russian Edition, 2003,
1, . 4852.
3. .., ..

// Lightwave Russian
Edition, 2005, 1, .4851.
4. Prati G. Electronic dispersion compensation.
ECOC 2005, Mo4.6
5. .., ..
//
. 3.
()
(). : c0, , cM
, g0, , gL
, T

, T/s

( s,
)
6. .., .., ..

// Lightwave Russian Edition,
2005, 4, . 2130.
7. Faerbert A. Application of Digital
Equalization in Optical Transmission Systems //
OFC 2006, Conf. Proc., paper OTuE5, 2006.
8. Killey R. I., Watts P. M., Glick M., Bayvel P.
Electronic dispersion compensation by signal
predistortion // OFC 2006, Conf. Proc., paper
OWB3, 2006.
Syntune AB, , CyOptics Inc., (InP),

- . ,

.

:
Lightwave, 2006 1, 3,

DWD
, 1, 2.
23

?
.. ,

,

PON AON
(Passive Optical Network PON),
(Active Optical
.
Network AON).

PON
, PON
. 11. PON
FTTx,

x , OLT
.
FTTx
,
Fiber To The Home (FTTH),
.
PON
, .

, ; Fiber To
, Lightwave Russian
The Node (FTTN),
Edition 2004 .
,
,
. PON , ,
( ; Fiber To The
, ,
) .
Premises (FTTP) Fiber
, To The Building (FTTB),
:

-,

,

PON- (32
64); -, ,

. 2. PON
().
.

, , ,
1 POP (point of presence)
.
.
APON/BPON GPON. -
24
PON
, .

.
SFP
(Small Factor Pluggable module),
.

, . 1,
, AON
, PON.
. 3. PON

OLT (.1), (. 2).

,

OLT, .
, ,
. . 2 PON,
Node1

.

.
. ,
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, ONT ,
, , ( ).

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OLT . ,
, , .

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. 3 , , , ,
.
-
26

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.
. 3
,

,
,
PON, ,

.
. 4. AON

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, .
, . 3,
AON
PON
AON, ,
Ethernet
. , SDH PDH PON (. 5).
. 5. AON

, , , 1,

TDM (Time Division Multiplex).
-,
1
.

, , ,
. ,
.

. 6. WDM
( )

, ,

.

. ,
AON ( Ethernet)
,
. 7. WDM
( )

(
) SFP-
, .
PON (APON/BPON
GPON, EPON),
TDM ,
(IPTV)
(. 4, 5). , , ,
.
WDM
DWDM
(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division
1 WDM
,
, .
Multiplexing).

CWDM,
.
,

PON AON.

, , ,
-
. ,
. ,
. 1.
, , PON,
, , PON, ,
.
,
10 /.
. 6
. , ,
PON (. 3),
,
OADM.

.
(CWDM
DWDM), .
OADM ( / )
. 40 80. WDM-

27

(. 7), 1520 .
.

, ?
.

?
PON
.
APON/BPON
PON, ATM
622 / .
ITU
G.983.x.

Terawave, Olencom
Motorola ( Quantum Bridge),
. ATM
,
.
, , Ethernet

$2000. OLT, $3000
. ONT FTTH, FTTN
FTTP.
GPON APON/BPON , GPON.
EPON ( GEPON Ethernet PON)
.
OLT

Ethernet. IEEE
802.3ah EPON 2004
.
.
28
, Fujikura
() TDM.
, ,
.
2005 . FTTH,
ONT 500
. 1 / .
Fujikura, Fiber Home, CoreCess, UT-Starcom
AllOptic ( GEPON
EPON, E1, EPON ).
GPON PON.
G.984
2,5 / (
2,5 /
DownStream 1,25 / UpStream).
GPON
EPON EPON ,
E1.
FTTP FTTN
FTTH (
64 ONT )
.

FlexLight,
Ethernet. FlexLight GPON 2005 .

( ONT
2000 ).
2005
Wave7Optic, Siemens, Alcatel ECI1.
, PON, - , ,
,
. , FlexLight Terawave
FTTP/FTTN , , . Siemens Alcatel

. ,
.

.

.
AON
,
AON SDH- PDH-,
.
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1. Hansryd J., Andrekson P.A., FiberBased

Optical Parametric Amplifiers and Their
Applications, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics
in Quantum Electronics, May/June 2002, vol. 8,
. 3, p. 506520.
2. Ho M.C., Marhic M. E., Akasaka Y.,
Kasovsky L. G. Fiber optical parametric ampli
fier and wavelength converter with 208nm gain
bandwidth, J. Lightwave Technol., 2001,
vol.19, p.977.
3. Marhic M. Toward Practical Fiber Optical
Parametric Amplifiers, Thursday Morning
/OFC 2003/, vol.2, p.564.
4. .., ..,
..
,
, 2005 ., 12, . 4346.
5. .., ..,
..

,
. 3. . .
2005 ., 6, . 3436.
6. Hansryd J., Andrekson P. A. Broadband
CW Pumped Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier
with 49 dB Gain and Wavelength Conversion
Efficiency, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2001,
vol.13, p.194196.
7. Hansryd J. and Andrekson P.A. OTDM
demultiplexer with 40dB gain based on a fiber
optical parametric amplifier, IEEE
Photon.Technol.Lett., July 2001, vol.13,
p. 732734.
8. Marhic M.E., Kalogerakis G., Uesaka K.,
Shimizu K., Wong K.Y., Kazovsky L.G.
Interleaverbased method for full utilization of
the bandwidth of fiber optical parametric ampli
fiers and wavelength converters, Thursday
Morning /OFC 2003/, vol.2, p.510.
9. Blows J. Cross Talk in a Fiber Parametric
Wavelength Converter, Thursday Morning
/OFC 2003/, vol.2, p.565.
10. Wong K.Y., Marhic M.E., Uesaka K.,
Kazovsky L.G. Polarizationindependent and
flatgain CW twopump fiber optical parametric
amplifier and wavelength converter, IEEE
Photon. Technol. Lett., 2002, vol.14, p.911.

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1. Hansryd J., Andrekson P.A., FiberBased