Volcanologists have classified volcanoes into groups based on theshape of the vo lcano, the materials they are built

of, and the way thevolcano erupts. The groups are: Composite Volcanoes (also called strato volcanoes), Shield Volcanoes (also called shields), Cinder Cones, Spatter Cones, Composite volcanoes, also called strato volcanoes, are formed by alternating l ayers of lava and rock fragments. This is the reason they are called composite.

Shield volcanoes are huge in size. They are built by many layers of runny lava flows. Lava spills out of a central vent or group of vents. Abroad shaped, gen tly sloping cone is formed. This is caused by the very fluid, basaltic lava whi ch can't be piled up into steep mounds.

A cinder cone is a steep conical hill formed above a vent. Cinder cones are a mong the most common volcanic landforms found in the world. They aren't famous as their eruptions usually don't cause any loss of life. Cinder cones are chiefl y formed by Strombolian eruptions. The cones usually grow up in groups and they often occur on the flanks of strato volcanoes and shield volcanoes.

When hot erupting lava contains just enough explosive gas to prevent the formati on of a lava flow, but not enough to shatter it into small fragments the lava is torn by expanding gases into fluid hot clots, ranging in size from 1cm to 50cm across, called spatter.

What to do during an earthquake? If you are indoor, duck or drop down to the floor. Take cover under a sturdy des k, table or other furniture. Hold on to it and be prepared to move with it. Hold the position until the ground stops shaking and it is safe to move. Stay clear of windows, fireplaces, woodstoves, and heavy furniture or appliances that may f all over. Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts. If you are in a crowded area, take cover. Stay calm and encourage others to do likewise. Do not rush to the doors or exit; never use the lifts; keep well away from windows, mirrors, chimneys and furniture. Protect yourself by staying under the lintel of an inner door, in the corner of a room, under a table or even und er a bed. If you are outside, get into the open, away from buildings and power lines. Walk towards an open place, in a calm and composed manner. Do not run and do not wan der round the streets. Keep away from buildings, especially old, tall or detache d buildings, electricity wires, slopes and walls, which are liable to collapse. If you are driving, stop if it is safe, but stay inside your car. Stay away from bridges, flyovers and tunnels. Move your car away from the normal traffic patte rn, as far as possible and park it on the roadside. Avoid stopping under trees, light posts or power lines. If you are in a hilly area, or near unstable slopes or cliffs, be alert for fall ing rocks and other debris, which could be loosened by the earthquake.