Observed MIR luminosity

The MIR--X-ray correlation of AGN

Daniel Asmus
Poshak Gandhi Sebastian F. Hnig Alain Smette Wolfgang J. Duschl

Absorption-corr. X-ray luminosity

Outline

Summary last talk

Understanding the MIRX-ray correlation

Finestructure

Types of nuclear activity

NASA

Type 2 AGN

Type 1 AGN

B. Keel

AGN in the mid-infrared

VISIR manual

My PhD thesis
Low-luminosity AGN
BAT AGN

High-res. Photometry

Non-AGN Contamination

High-res. Photometry

MIR SED

Asmus et al. 2011

Asmus et al. 2012A,B, in prep.

12m 2-10keV correlation

Correlation from Gandhi et al. 09...

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09

Objects: 42 Spearman Rank: = 0.88 (log p = -17) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.00 0.08) log LX

(absorption-corrected)

12m 2-10keV correlation

Adding the LLAGN...

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09

Objects: 77 Spearman Rank: = 0.94 (log p = -30) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.05 0.05) log LX

(absorption-corrected)

12m 2-10keV correlation

Adding the BAT AGN...

Objects: 134 Spearman Rank: = 0.90 (log p = -42) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.00 0.04) log LX Fit depends somewhat on algorithm used Correlation dominated by X-ray uncertainties

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09 all AGN

(absorption-corrected)

12m 2-10keV correlation

Adding the BAT AGN...

Objects: 134 Spearman Rank: = 0.90 (log p = -42) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.00 0.04) log LX Fit depends somewhat on algorithm used Correlation dominated by X-ray uncertainties

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09 all AGN

Correlation applicable to all AGN

(absorption-corrected)

Outline

Summary last talk

Understanding the MIRX-ray correlation

Finestructure

12m 2-10keV correlation

Adding the BAT AGN...

Objects: 134 Spearman Rank: = 0.90 (log p = -42) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.00 0.04) log LX Fit depends somewhat on algorithm used Correlation dominated by X-ray uncertainties

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09 all AGN

Correlation applicable to all AGN

(absorption-corrected)

12m 2-10keV correlation

Adding the BAT AGN...

Objects: 134 Spearman Rank: = 0.90 (log p = -42) Power-law fit: log LMIR ~ (1.00 0.04) log LX

Power-law fit to: all AGN from G09 all AGN

Fit depends somewhat on algorithm used Correlation dominated by X-ray uncertainties

Outliers?!

Correlation applicable to all AGN

(absorption-corrected)

Outliers

NGC 3125:

Weak VISIR detection

seems extended

NGC 4303:

LINER classification only from compact X-ray core (Dudik et al.

2005)

No broad optical emission lines

(Kewley et al. 2001)

Weak VISIR detection Faintest object in sample in terms of X-ray luminosity and measured MIR flux X-ray data indicates an AGN
(Tzanavaris & Georgantopoulos 2007) (Ho et al. 1995) et al. 2002)

Optical and NIR show young massive Wolf-Rayet star cluster (Hadfield & Crowther 2006) X-rays could also come from ULX AGN nature unclear

Classified as HII in optical Nuclear young star cluster (Colina X-rays could also come from ULX AGN nature unclear
smoothed

Local typical starburst galaxies (Ranalli+03)

Where is this correlation coming from?

Origin of the observed MIR emission

Small MIR variability (< 30%) Large X-ray variability (>50%) MIR emission from larger and complex structure

Silicate feature in the average MIR SEDs of AGN

dusty origin of MIR emission

Star formation origin in general excluded (no PAH emission)

dust is AGN heated

Clumpy torus models match most observations

dust in a clumpy torus-like structure

X-ray emission of AGN

emission region <100 rS

Chandra, XMM power-law cut-off

X-

ra y

reflection hump
2% scattered emission

Hot corona Magn. fields

UV

Xra y

2% scattered emission

Thin accr. disk

Xra

Gandhi (2005)

The MIRX-ray correlation

Xra y

M id

-in fr ar ed

Hot corona
UV
U V

Clumpy dusty structure

Thin accr. disk

What causes the dispersion non-AGN emission?

Avoid contamination: 'Well-resolved' & 'pure' AGN

MIRX-ray ratio

maximum star formation contribution

intrinsic scale

it L

le t

ro p im

em v

nt e

Host galaxy effects?

Host galaxy distribution

Influence of the host galaxy

MIR to X-ray ratio

only V. type >= -2

MIR to X-ray ratio

only V. type >= -2

The AGN itself?

Clumpy torus models

CAT3D (Clumpy AGN Tori in a 3D geometry)
- Hnig & Kishimoto (2010) - IR model SEDs - Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations and ray-tracing techniques - 3D dust cloud distributions - illumination: standard thin accretion disk simulated 13m images type 1 AGN (0)

type 2 AGN (90)

Clumpy torus models

CAT3D (Clumpy AGN Tori in a 3D geometry)
- Hnig & Kishimoto (2010) - IR model SEDs - Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations and ray-tracing techniques - 3D dust cloud distributions - illumination: standard thin accretion disk 0.3 simulated 13m images type 1 AGN (0)

type 2 AGN (90) 0 90

Effect of the column density

Torus models:

MIR emission when torus inclination (max difference of ~0.3 dex) column density NH when torus inclination MIRX-ray luminosity ratio RXM when column density NH ...

Effect of the column density

Torus models:

MIR emission when torus inclination (max difference of ~0.3 dex) column density NH when torus inclination MIRX-ray luminosity ratio RXM when column density NH ...
Type 1 AGN Type 2 AGN LINER

log L(12m)/L(2-10keV)

no dependency observed

Effect of the accretion rate

Predicted change in accretion structure at low rates change in MIR--X-ray ratio...

Type 1 AGN Type 2 AGN LINER

jet or ADAF?

standard accretion

... some evidence of an additional component (to the torus) at lowest accretion rates likely a strong jet.

log L(12m)/L(2-10keV)

Conclusions

MIR--X-ray luminosity correlation...

Strongest 12m2-10keV correlation for all AGN combined (slope ~1) MIR--X-ray correlation valid for all AGN down to LX ~1040 erg/s! fundamental physical connection uniform structure in all AGN

Origin of MIR emission in AGN: reprocessed accretion disk emission (UV) from a dusty AGN-heated structure Origin of the X-ray emission in AGN: reprocessed accretion disk emission (UV) from a hot corona Fine-structure

independent of host galaxy. however obscuration in some cases caused by host galaxy Independent of nuclear obscuration, contradicting torus models...

Fine-structure depends on the accretion rate!

Low-rate objects presumably have additional non-thermal component, e.g., jet...