NNG DUNG DCH Mt s cng thc tnh cn nh: Cng thc tnh tan: Cng thc tnh nng %: St

0C

cht

= m . 100 dm
mct

mct

C% = m . 100% dd mdd = mdm + mct Hoc mdd = Vdd (ml) . D(g/ml) * Mi lin h gia tan ca mt cht v nng phn trm dung dch bo ho ca cht mt nhit xc nh. C 100g dm ho tan c Sg cht tan to thnh (100+S)g dung dch bo ho. Vy: x(g) // y(g) // 100g // Cng thc lin h: C% =
100 S 100 + S 100.C % 100 C % n(mol ) 1000.n(mol ) CM = V (lit ) = V (ml )

Hoc S =

Cng thc tnh nng mol/lit: Cng thc lin h: C% =

C M .M 10 D

* Mi lin h gia nng % v nng mol/lit. Hoc CM =

10 D.C % M

Dng 1: Ton tan Loi 1: Bi ton lin quan gia tan ca mt cht v nng phn trm dung dch bo ho ca cht . Bi 1: 400C, tan ca K2SO4 l 15. Hy tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch K2SO4 bo ho nhit ny? p s: C% = 13,04% Bi 2: Tnh tan ca Na 2SO4 100C v nng phn trm ca dung dch bo ho Na2SO4 nhit ny. Bit rng 100C khi ho tan 7,2g Na2SO4 vo 80g H2O th c dung dch bo ho Na2SO4. p s: S = 9g v C% = 8,257% Loi 2: Bi ton tnh lng tinh th ngm nc cn cho thm vo dung dch cho sn. Cch lm:

Dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tnh: * Khi lng dung dch to thnh = khi lng tinh th + khi lng dung dch ban u. * Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch to thnh = khi lng cht tan trong tinh th + khi lng cht tan trong dung dch ban u. * Cc bi ton loi ny thng cho tinh th cn ly v dung dch cho sn c cha cng loi cht tan. Bi tp p dng: Bi 1: Tnh lng tinh th CuSO4.5H2O cn dng iu ch 500ml dung dch CuSO4 8%(D = 1,1g/ml). p s: Khi lng tinh th CuSO4.5H2O cn ly l: 68,75g Bi 2: iu ch 560g dung dch CuSO4 16% cn phi ly bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO4 8% v bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O. Hng dn * Cch 1: Trong 560g dung dch CuSO4 16% c cha.
m

ct CuSO4(c trong dd CuSO4 16%) =

t mCuSO4.5H2O = x(g) 1mol(hay 250g) CuSO4.5H2O cha 160g CuSO4 Vy

m m

560.16 2240 = = 89,6(g) 100 25

x(g)

//

cha

160x 16x = (g) 250 25 (560 x).8 (560 x).2 = (g) 100 25

dd CuSO4 8% c trong dung dch CuSO4 16% l (560 x) g ct CuSO4(c trong dd CuSO4 8%) l
(560 x).2 16x + = 89,6 25 25

Ta c phng trnh:

Gii phng trnh c: x = 80. Vy cn ly 80g tinh th CuSO 4.5H2O v 480g dd CuSO4 8% pha ch thnh 560g dd CuSO4 16%. * Cch 2: Gii h phng trnh bc nht 2 n. * Cch 3: Tnh ton theo s ng cho.

Lu : Lng CuSO4 c th coi nh dd CuSO4 64%(v c 250g CuSO4.5H2O th c cha 160g CuSO4). Vy C%(CuSO4) =
160 250

.100% = 64%. Loi 3: bi ton tnh lng cht tan tch ra hay thm vo khi thay i nhit mt dung dch bo ho cho sn. Cch lm: - Bc 1: Tnh khi lng cht tan v khi lng dung mi c trong dung dch bo ho t1(0c) - Bc 2: t a(g) l khi lng cht tan A cn thm hay tch ra khi dung dch ban u, sau khi thay i nhit t t1(0c) sang t2(0c) vi t1(0c) khc t2(0c). - Bc 3: Tnh khi lng cht tan v khi lng dung mi c trong dung dch bo ho t2(0c). - Bc 4: p dng cng thc tnh tan hay nng % dung dch bo ho(C% ddbh) tm a. Lu : Nu yu cu tnh lng tinh th ngm nc tch ra hay cn thm vo do thay i nhit dung dch bo ho cho sn, bc 2 ta phi t n s l s mol(n) Bi 1: 120C c 1335g dung dch CuSO4 bo ho. un nng dung dch ln n 900C. Hi phi thm vo dung dch bao nhiu gam CuSO4 c dung dch bo ho nhit ny. Bit 120C, tan ca CuSO4 l 33,5 v 900C l 80. p s: Khi lng CuSO4 cn thm vo dung dch l 465g. Bi 2: 850C c 1877g dung dch bo ho CuSO4. Lm lnh dung dch xung cn 250C. Hi c bao nhiu gam CuSO4.5H2O tch khi dung dch. Bit tan ca CuSO4 850C l 87,7 v 250C l 40. p s: Lng CuSO4.5H2O tch khi dung dch l: 961,75g Bi 3: Cho 0,2 mol CuO tan trong H2SO4 20% un nng, sau lm ngui dung dch n 100C. Tnh khi lng tinh th

CuSO4.5H2O tch khi dung dch, bit rng tan ca CuSO4 100C l 17,4g/100g H2O. p s: Lng CuSO4.5H2O tch khi dung dch l: 30,7g Dng 2: Ton nng dung dch Bi 1: Cho 50ml dung dch HNO3 40% c khi lng ring l 1,25g/ml. Hy: a/ Tm khi lng dung dch HNO3 40%? b/ Tm khi lng HNO3? c/ Tm nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 40%? p s: a/ mdd = 62,5g b/ mHNO 3 = 25g c/ CM(HNO 3 ) = 7,94M Bi 2: Hy tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c trong mi trng hp sau: a/ Ho tan 20g NaOH vo 250g nc. Cho bit DH 2 O = 1g/ml, coi nh th tch dung dch khng i. b/ Ho tan 26,88 lt kh hiro clorua HCl (ktc) vo 500ml nc thnh dung dch axit HCl. Coi nh th dung dch khng i. c/ Ho tan 28,6g Na2CO3.10H2O vo mt lng nc va thnh 200ml dung dch Na2CO3. p s: a/ CM( NaOH ) = 2M b/ CM( HCl ) = 2,4M c/ CM(Na2CO3) = 0,5M Bi 3: Cho 2,3g Na tan ht trong 47,8ml nc thu c dung dch NaOH v c kh H2 thot ra . Tnh nng % ca dung dch NaOH? p s: C%(NaOH) = 8% chuyn 3: pha trn dung dch

Loi 1: Bi ton pha long hay c dc mt dung dch. a) c im ca bi ton: - Khi pha long, nng dung dch gim. Cn c dc, nng dung dch tng. - D pha long hay c c, khi lng cht tan lun lun khng thay i. b) Cch lm: C th p dng cng thc pha long hay c c TH1: V khi lng cht tan khng i d pha long hay c c nn. mdd(1).C%(1) = mdd(2).C%(2) TH2: V s mol cht tan khng i d pha long hay c dc nn. Vdd(1). CM (1) = Vdd(2). CM (2) Nu gp bi ton bi ton: Cho thm H2O hay cht tan nguyn cht (A) vo 1 dung dch (A) c nng % cho trc, c th p dng quy tc ng cho gii. Khi c th xem: - H2O l dung dch c nng O% - Cht tan (A) nguyn cht cho thm l dung dch nng 100% + TH1: Thm H2O Dung dch u C1(%) C2(%) - O C 2(%) = m H 2O
mdd .dau

H2O C2(%)

O(%)

C1(%)

+ TH1: Thm cht tan (A) nguyn cht Dung dch u C1(%) - C2(%)

100

C 2(%) = m ctA
mdd .dau

Cht C1(%) C2(%)

tan

(A)

100(%)

Lu : T l hiu s nng nhn c ng bng s phn khi lng dung dch u( hay H2O, hoc cht tan A nguyn cht) cn ly t cng hng ngang. Bi ton p dng: Bi 1: Phi thm bao nhiu gam H2O vo 200g dung dch KOH 20% c dung dch KOH 16%. p s: mH2O(cn thm) = 50g Bi 2: C 30g dung dch NaCl 20%. Tnh nng % dung dch thu c khi: - Pha thm 20g H2O - C c dung dch ch cn 25g. p s: 12% v 24% Bi 3: Tnh s ml H2O cn thm vo 2 lit dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch mi c nng 0,1M. p s: 18 lit Bi 4: Tnh s ml H2O cn thm vo 250ml dung dch NaOH1,25M to thnh dung dch 0,5M. Gi s s ho tan khng lm thay i ng k th tch dung dch. p s: 375ml Bi 5: Tnh s ml dung dch NaOH 2,5%(D = 1,03g/ml) iu ch c t 80ml dung dch NaOH 35%(D = 1,38g/ml). p s: 1500ml Bi 6: Lm bay hi 500ml dung dch HNO 3 20%(D = 1,20g/ml) ch cn 300g dung dch. Tnh nng % ca dung dch ny. p s: C% = 40%

Loi 2:Bi ton ho tan mt ho cht vo nc hay vo mt dung dch cho sn. a/ c im bi ton: - Ho cht em ho tan c th l cht kh, cht lng hay cht rn. - S ho tan c th gy ra hay khng gy ra phn ng ho hc gia cht em ho tan vi H2O hoc cht tan trong dung dch cho sn. b/ Cch lm: - Bc 1: Xc nh dung dch sau cng (sau khi ho tan ho cht) c cha cht no: Cn lu xem c phn ng gia cht em ho tan vi H2O hay cht tan trong dung dch cho sn khng? Sn phm phn ng(nu c) gm nhng cht tan no? Nh rng: c bao nhiu loi cht tan trong dung dch th c by nhiu nng . . Nu cht tan c phn ng ho hc vi dung mi, ta phi tnh nng ca sn phm phn ng ch khng c tnh nng ca cht tan . - Bc 2: Xc nh lng cht tan(khi lng hay s mol) c cha trong dung dch sau cng. . Lng cht tan(sau phn ng nu c) gm: sn phm phn ng v cc cht tc dng cn d. . Lng sn phm phn ng(nu c) tnh theo ptt phi da vo cht tc dng ht(lng cho ), tuyt i khng c da vo lng cht tc dng cho d (cn tha sau phn ng) - Bc 3: Xc nh lng dung dch mi (khi lng hay th tch) . tnh th tch dung dch mi c 2 trng hp (tu theo bi)

Nu khng cho bit khi lng ring dung dch mi(Dddm)

+ Khi ho tan 1 cht kh hay 1 cht rn vo 1 cht lng c th coi: Th tch dung dch mi = Th tch cht lng

+ Khi ho tan 1 cht lng vo 1 cht lng khc, phi gi s s pha trn khng lm thy i ng k th tch cht lng, tnh: Th tch dung dch mi = Tng th tch cc cht lng ban u.

Nu cho bit khi lng ring dung dch mi(Dddm)

Th tch dung dch mi: Vddm = D ddm mddm: l khi lng dung dch mi + tnh khi lng dung dch mi mddm = Tng khi lng(trc phn ng) khi lng kt ta(hoc kh bay ln) nu c. Bi tp p dng: Bi 1: Cho 14,84g tinh th Na2CO3 vo bnh cha 500ml dung dch HCl 0,4M c dung dch B. Tnh nng mol/lit cc cht trong dung dch B. p s: Nng ca NaCl l: CM = 0,4M Nng ca Na2CO3 cn d l: CM = 0,08M Bi 2: Ho tan 5,6lit kh HCl ( ktc) vo 0,1lit H2O to thnh dung dch HCl. Tnh nng mol/lit v nng % ca dung dch thu c. p s: - CM = 2,5M - C% = 8,36% Bi 3: Cho 200g SO3 vo 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 17%(D = 1,12g/ml) c dung dch A. Tnh nng % dung dch A. p s: C% = 32,985% Bi 4: xc nh lng SO3 v lng dung dch H2SO4 49% cn ly pha thnh 450g dung dch H2SO4 83,3%. p s: Khi lng SO3 cn ly l: 210g Khi lng dung dch H2SO4 49% cn ly l 240g
mddm

Bi 5: Xc nh khi lng dung dch KOH 7,93% cn ly khi ho tan vo 47g K2O th thu c dung dch 21%. p s: Khi lng dung dch KOH 7,93% cn ly l 352,94g Bi 6: Cho 6,9g Na v 9,3g Na2O vo nc, c dung dch A(NaOH 8%). Hi phi ly thm bao nhiu gam NaOH c tinh khit 80%(tan hon ton) cho vo c dung dch 15%? p s: - Khi lng NaOH c tinh khit 80% cn ly l 32,3g Loi 3: Bi ton pha trn hai hay nhiu dung dch. a/ c im bi ton. Khi pha trn 2 hay nhiu dung dch vi nhau c th xy ra hay khng xy ra phn ng ho hc gia cht tan ca cc dung dch ban u. b/ Cch lm: TH1: Khi trn khng xy ra phn ng ho hc(thng gp bi ton pha trn cc dung dch cha cng loi ho cht) Nguyn tc chung gii l theo phng php i s, lp h 2 phng trnh ton hc (1 theo cht tan v 1 theo dung dch) Cc bc gii: - Bc 1: Xc nh dung dch sau trn c cha cht tan no. - Bc 2: Xc nh lng cht tan(mct) c trong dung dch mi(ddm) - Bc 3: Xc nh khi lng(mddm) hay th tch(Vddm) dung dch mi. mddm = Tng khi lng( cc dung dch em trn ) + Nu bit khi lng ring dung dch mi(Dddm) Vddm = D ddm
mddm

+ Nu khng bit khi lng ring dung dch mi: Phi gi s s hao ht th tch do s pha trn dung dch l khng ng k, c. Vddm = Tng th tch cc cht lng ban u em trn + Nu pha trn cc dung dch cng loi cht tan, cng loi nng , c th gii bng quy tc ng cho. m1(g) dd C1(%) C3 C3(%) m2(g) dd C2(%) C 3 C1 ( Gi s: C1< C3 < C2 ) v s hao ht th tch do s pha trn cc dd l khng ng k.
m1 m2
=

C2

C 2 C3 C 3 C1

+ Nu khng bit nng % m li bit nng mol/lit (CM) th p dng s : V1(l) dd C3 C3(M) V2(g) dd C2(M) ( Gi s: C1< C3 < C2 )
V1 V2
=

C1(M)

C2

C 3 C1

C 2 C3 C 3 C1

+ Nu khng bit nng % v nng mol/lit m li bit khi lng ring (D) th p dng s : V1(l) dd D3 D1(g/ml) D2

D3(g/ml) V2(l) dd D2(g/ml) D 3 D1 (Gi s: D1< D3 < D2) v s hao ht th tch do s pha trn cc dd l khng ng k.
V1 V2
=

D2 D3 D3 D1

TH2: Khi trn c xy ra phn ng ho hc cng gii qua 3 bc tng t bi ton loi 2 (Ho tan mt cht vo mt dung dch cho sn). Tuy nhin, cn lu . - bc 1: Phi xc nh cng thc cht tan mi, s lng cht tan mi. Cn ch kh nng c cht d(do cht tan ban u khng tc dng ht) khi tnh ton. - bc 3: Khi xc nh lng dung dch mi (mddm hay Vddm) Tac: mddm = Tng khi lng cc cht em trng khi lng cht kt ta hoc cht kh xut hin trong phn ng. - Th tch dung dch mi tnh nh trng hp 1 loi bi ton ny. Th d: p dng phng php ng cho. Mt bi ton thng c nhiu cch gii nhng nu bi ton no c th s dng c phng php ng cho gii th s lm bi ton n gin hn rt nhiu. Bi ton 1: Cn bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4 . 5H2O ho vo bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO4 4% iu ch c 500 gam dung dch CuSO4 8%. Bi gii: Gii Bng phng php thng thng: Khi lng CuSO4 c trong 500g dung dch bng:
mCuO4 = 500.8 = 40 gam 100

(1)

Gi x l khi lng tinh th CuSO4 . 5 H2O cn ly th: (500 - x) l khi lng dung dch CuSO4 4% cn ly: Khi lng CuSO4 c trong tinh th CuSO4 . 5H2O bng:
m CuSO4 = x.160 250

(2)

Khi lng CuSO4 c trong tinh th CuSO4 4% l:

mCuSO4 = (500 x).4 (3) 100

T (1), (2) v (3) ta c:

( x.160) (500 x).4 + = 40 250 100

=> 0,64x + 20 - 0,04x = 40. Gii ra ta c: X = 33,33g tinh th Vy khi lng dung dch CuSO4 4% cn ly l: 500 - 33,33 gam = 466,67 gam. + Gii theo phng php ng cho Gi x l s gam tinh th CuSO4 . 5 H2O cn ly v (500 x) l s gam dung dch cn ly ta c s ng cho nh sau: 4-8 x 4 1 = = => 8 500 x 56 14 64 - 8 4 Gii ra ta tm c: x = 33,33 gam.
x 500 x

69

Bi ton 2: Trn 500gam dung dch NaOH 3% vi 300 gam dung dch NaOH 10% th thu c dung dch c nng bao nhiu%. Bi gii: Ta c s ng cho: 500 10 - C% 3 : C% C% 300 10 : 3%

=> Gii ra ta c: C = 5,625%

500 10 C = 300 C 3

Vy dung dch thu c c nng 5,625%. Bi ton 3: Cn trn 2 dung dch NaOH % v dung dch NaOH 10% theo t l khi lng bao nhiu thu c dung dch NaOH 8%. Bi gii: Gi m1; m2 ln lt l khi lng ca cc dung dch cn ly. Ta c s ng cho sau: 10 - 8 m1 3 8 m2 10 8-3 Vy t l khi lng cn ly l:
1 m =5 2

=>

m1 10 8 = m2 83

Bi ton p dng: Bi 1: Cn pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dung dch KNO3 c nng % tng ng l 45% v 15% c mt dung dch KNO3 c nng 20%. p s: Phi ly 1 phn khi lng dung dch c nng d 45% v 5 phn khi lng dung dch c nng 15% trn vi nhau. Bi 2: Trn V1(l) dung dch A(cha 9,125g HCl) vi V2(l) dung dch B(cha 5,475g HCl) c 2(l) dung dch D. Coi th tch dung dch D = Tng th tch dung dch A v dung dch B. a) Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch D.

b) Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch A, dung dch B (Bit hiu nng mol/lit ca dung dch A tr nng mol/lit dung dch B l 0,4mol/l) p s: a) CM(dd D) = 0,2M b) t nng mol/l ca dung dch A l x, dung dch B l y ta c: x y = 0,4 (I) V th tch: Vdd D = Vdd A + Vdd B =
0,15 0,25 + y = 2 (II) x

Gii h phng trnh ta c: x = 0,5M, y = 0,1M Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch A l 0,5M v ca dung dch B l 0,1M. Bi 3: Hi phi ly 2 dung dch NaOH 15% v 27,5% mi dung dch bao nhiu gam trn vo nhau c 500ml dung dch NaOH 21,5%, D = 1,23g/ml? p s: Dung dch NaOH 27,5% cn ly l 319,8g v dung dch NaOH 15% cn ly l 295,2g Bi 4: Trn ln 150ml dung dch H2SO4 2M vo 200g dung dch H2SO4 5M( D = 1,29g/ml ). Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 nhn c. p s: Nng H2SO4 sau khi trn l 3,5M Bi 5: Trn 1/3 (l) dung dch HCl (dd A) vi 2/3 (l) dung dch HCl (dd B) c 1(l) dung dch HCl mi (dd C). Ly 1/10 (l) dd C tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 8,61g kt ta. a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dd C. b) Tnh nng mol/l ca dd A v dd B. Bit nng mol/l dd A = 4 nng d mol/l dd B. p s: Nng mol/l ca dd B l 0,3M v ca dd A l 1,2M. Bi 6: Trn 200ml dung dch HNO3 (dd X) vi 300ml dung dch HNO3 (dd Y) c dung dch (Z). Bit rng dung dch (Z) tc dng va vi 7g CaCO3. a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch (Z).

b) Ngi ta c th iu ch dung dch (X) t dung dch (Y) bng cch thm H2O vo dung dch (Y) theo t l th tch: VH 2 O : Vdd(Y) = 3:1. Tnh nng mol/l dung dch (X) v dung dch (Y)? Bit s pha trn khng lm thay i ng k th tch dung dch. p s: a) CMdd(Z) = 0,28M b) Nng mol/l ca dung dch (X) l 0,1M v ca dung dch (Y) l 0,4M. Bi 7: trung ho 50ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M cn V(ml) dung dch H2SO4 30% (D = 1,222g/ml). Tnh V? p s: Th tch dung dch H2SO4 30% cn ly l 8,02 ml. Bi 8: Cho 25g dung dch NaOH 4% tc dng vi 51g dung dch H2SO4 0,2M, c khi lng ring D = 1,02 g/ml. Tnh nng % cc cht sau phn ng. p s: - Nng % ca dung dch Na2SO4 l 1,87% - Nng % ca dung dch NaOH (d) l 0,26% Bi 9:Trn ln 100ml dung dch NaHSO 4 1M vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M c dung dch A. a) Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra. b) C cn dung dch A th thu c hn hp nhng cht no? Tnh khi lng ca mi cht. p s: b) Khi lng cc cht sau khi c cn. - Khi lng mui Na2SO4 l 14,2g - Khi lng NaOH(cn d) l 4 g Bi 10: Khi trung ho 100ml dung dch ca 2 axit H2SO4 v HCl bng dung dch NaOH, ri c cn th thu c 13,2g mui khan. Bit rng c trung ho 10 ml dung dch 2 axit ny th cn va 40ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi axit trong dung dch ban u. p s: Nng mol/l ca axit H2SO4 l 0,6M v ca axit HCl l 0,8M

Bi 11: Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH bit rng: C 30ml dung dch H2SO4 c trung ho ht bi 20ml dung dch NaOH v 10ml dung dch KOH 2M. Ngc li: 30ml dung dch NaOH c trung ho ht bi 20ml dung dch H2SO4 v 5ml dung dch HCl 1M. p s: Nng mol/l ca dd H2SO4 l 0,7M v ca dd NaOH l 1,1M. Hng dn gii bi ton nng bng phng php i s: Th d: Tnh nng ban u ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH bit rng: - Nu 3 lt dung dch NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau phn ng dung dch c tnh kim vi nng 0,1M. - Nu 2 lt dung dch NaOH vo 3 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau phn ng dung dch c tnh axit vi nng 0,2M. Bi gii PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O Gi nng dung dch xt l x v nng dung dch axit l y th: * Trong trng hp th nht lng kim cn li trong dung dch l 0,1 . 5 = 0,5mol. Lng kim tham gia phn ng l: 3x - 0,5 (mol) Lng axt b trung ho l: 2y (mol) Theo PTP s mol xt ln hn 2 ln H2SO4 Vy 3x - 0,5 = 2y.2 = 4y hay 3x - 4y = 0,5 (1) * Trong trng hp th 2 th lng a xt d l 0,2.5 = 1mol Lng a xt b trung ho l 3y - 1 (mol) Lng xt tham gia phn ng l 2x (mol). Cng lp lun nh trn ta c: 3y - 1 =
1 . 2x = x hay 3y - x = 1 (2) 2

T (1) v (2) ta c h phng trnh bc nht:

Gii h phng trnh ny ta c x = 1,1 v y = 0,7. Vy, nng ban u ca dung dch H2SO4 l 0,7M ca dung dch NaOH l 1,1M. Bi 12: Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH v dung dch H2SO4. Bit nu ly 60ml dung dch NaOH th trung ho hon ton 20ml dung dch H2SO4. Nu ly 20ml dung dch H2SO4 tc dng vi 2,5g CaCO 3 th mun trung ho lng axit cn d phi dng ht 10ml dung dch NaOH trn. p s: Nng mol/l ca dd H2SO4 l 1,5M v ca dd NaOH l 1,0M. Bi 13: Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO 3 v dung dch KOH. Bit - 20ml dung dch HNO3 c trung ho ht bi 60ml dung dch KOH. - 20ml dung dch HNO3 sau khi tc dng ht vi 2g CuO th c trung ho ht bi 10ml dung dch KOH. p s: Nng ca dung dch HNO 3 l 3M v ca dung dch KOH l 1M. Bi 14: C 2 dung dch H2SO4 l A v B. a) Nu 2 dung dch A v B c trn ln theo t l khi lng 7:3 th thu c dung dch C c nng 29%. Tnh nng % ca dd A v dd B. Bit nng dd B bng 2,5 ln nng dd A. b) Ly 50ml dd C (D = 1,27g/ml) cho phn ng vi 200ml dd BaCl2 1M. Tnh khi lng kt ta v nng mol/l ca dd E cn li sau khi tch ht kt ta, gi s th tch dd thay i khng ng k. Hng dn: a/ Gi s c 100g dd C. c 100g dd C ny cn em trn 70g dd A nng x% v 30g dd B nng y%. V nng % dd C l 29% nn ta c phng trnh:
m

3 x 4 y = 0,5 3 y x = 1

H2SO4(trong dd C) =

70x 30 y + = 29 100 100

(I)

Theo bi ra th: y = 2,5x (II)

Gii h (I, II) c: x% = 20% v y% = 50% b/ nH2SO4( trong 50ml dd C ) =

n

BaCl2 = 0,2 mol > nH2SO4. Vy axit phn ng ht m BaSO4 = 0,1879 . 233 = 43,78g Dung dch cn li sau khi tch ht kt ta c cha 0,3758 mol HCl v 0,2 0,1879 = 0,0121 mol BaCl2 cn d. Vy nng ca dd HCl l 1,5M v ca dd BaCl2 l 0,0484M Bi 15: Trn dd A cha NaOH v dd B cha Ba(OH) 2 theo th tch bng nhau c dd C. Trung ho 100ml dd C cn ht 35ml dd H2SO4 2M v thu c 9,32g kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dd A v B. Cn trn bao nhiu ml dd B vi 20ml dd A ho tan va ht 1,08g bt Al. p s: nH2SO4 = 0,07 mol; nNaOH = 0,06 mol; nBa(OH) 2 = 0,04 mol. CM(NaOH) = 1,2M; CM(Ba(OH) 2 ) = 0,8M. Cn trn 20ml dd NaOH v 10ml dd Ba(OH) 2 ho tan ht 1,08g bt nhm

29(50.1,27) C %.mdd = = 0,1879 mol 100.98 100 M