Mahaputa

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(rra.. :-)
An underground cavity measuring 3x3x3 in length breadth and depth is prepared. About 1000 cow
dung cakes are arranged at the base of the cavity. The crucible properly sealed, is placed and again 500 cow dung
cakes are placed over it, covering from all sides. Then the cow dung cakes are ignited and the heat is given to the
crucible, containing the drug substance, till all cow dung cakes burn into ash and gets cooled on itself(svanga
shita). At the beginning, the intensity is not intense but as all the cow dung cakes begin to burn, it reaches the
temperature about 1000 deg C and remains steady for a long time. It should be noted, the crucible selected
should withstand this high temperature and its sealing should absolutely air tight. The heating recommended is
underground, so that it renders a prolonged heating; which enables to obtain the proper paka i.e. the end
product.
Usage:
Mahaputa is used to prepare bhasmas like abhraka bhasma and vaikranta bhasma.

Gajaputa
rara

(... :-)
raaa

The structure of gajaputa is similar to that of mahaputa. The only difference is in its diemensions and the
number of cow dung cakes used. Gajaputa is an underground cavity measuring 2x2x2 in length, breadth and
depth. About 250 cow dung cakes are placed at the base on which the crucible is kept for heating. Moreover , 125
cow dung cakes are placed on upper surface of the crucible, covering it all the sides. The cow dung cakes are
ignited and the crucible recieves heat fron all the sides. On cooling on its own(svanga shita) , the crucible is taken
out and the drug substance gets ready in a form of optimum paka. The temperature in gajaputa ranges between
800deg C to 1000deg C.
Usage:
Gajaputa is used to prepare bhasma like vajra bhasma, abhraka bhasma and shankha bhasma.

Varahaputa
(... :)

It is similar to those described earlier, the underground

cavity measure 16x16x16 in length breadth and depth. It
offers less intense heat than varieties described earlier. It
gets cool on its own earlier.
Usage:
Varahaputa is used to prepare shouktika bahsma, kapardika
bhasma, agniputi praval bhasma etc.

Kukkutaputa

(.. :)

The cow dung cakes are placed on a circular area of about

18 in diameter. The crucible containing a drug substance is
properly sealed and kept on the surface of cow dung cakes and
they are ignited. It requires only 50- 60 cow dung cakes and
reaches the temperature between 200deg C to 250deg C.
Usage:

Kukkutaputa is used to prepare the paka of soft sunstances

and for their killing(marana).

Kapotaputa

(... :)

The fuel used for this type is only 8 cow dung cakes. They
are placed either underground or on the surface of the
earth. It creates heat of relatively very low intensity. It is
used for drug substances which are very soft.
Usage:
It is mentioned in texts as used to prepare the bhasma of
mercury.

Gobaraputa



(...:-)

Whenever fuel used is of bits and fragments of cow dung collected

from a cow-pen, the puta is known as gobaraputa. Sometimes, the husk
of the grains are also used for fuel purpose.
The crucible containing a drug substance is kept in the middle of an iron
pot and the bits and fragments of cow dung are placed surrounding it
and pressed around the crucible. The fuel ignited burns slowly and
creates less intense heat.

Bhandaputa or kumbhaputa

(...:)

It is similar to that of gobaraputa, the only difference is instead

of an iron pot, the pitcher like pot first is filled with husks of grains
or fragments of cow dung upto half and the crucible is kept on it.
The whole vessel is filled with fragments of cow dung above the
furnace of the crucible and the fuel is ignited. Bhavaprakash has
mentioned that the pot is to be sealed and put on the fireplace.
But it is not practiced as the cow dung fuel is a bad conductor of
heat.

Valukaputa

(..:)

An earthern pot is half filled with the sand and the crucible
containing a drug substance is kept on it. Then the whole pot is
filled with sand above the surface of crucible. The sand is first
made hot and then filled, which serves to heat the crucible. It
renders a slow heating. There is no mention about the particle
size of the sand or how much it is heated.

Bhudaraputa

:

(...:)

The crucible is kept in the underground cavity 1.5 beneath the

soil surface. The cavity is then filled with the soil covering the
crucible and cow dung cakes are burnt on its top, which serve the
heating. There is no mention of the number of cow dung cakes to
be used. It depends on the hardness or softness of the drug
substance to be processed.

Lavakaputa




(... :)

The heat is generated by igniting the husk of grains or

fragments and bits of cow dung, weighing approximately 40gm. It
is used to process the soft drug substance, as the heat generated
is very less.

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: (rararara.. /,)

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