Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Marsha M. Neumyer, BS, RVT, FSDMS, FSVU, FAIUM International Director Vascular Diagnostic Educational Services Vascular Resource Associates Harrisburg, PA
Objectives
Define the vascular
Abdominal Sonography
High resolution ultrasound system 2-5 MHz transducers Color and power Doppler, compound, harmonic, and panoramic imaging
Abdominal Sonography
Transducers Linear Curved
5-2 MHz 12-5 MHz 7-4 MHz
Phased
Hepato-Portal Duplex HepatoExam Objectives Assessment of quality and direction of flow Identification of portal and/or hepatic vein thrombosis Documentation of portal vein diameter Evaluation of blood flow patterns in porto-systemic and portospleno-renal shunts splenoConfirmation of portal vein-hepatic vein fistulae vein-
Examination Guidelines
8-12 hour fast Transducer frequency range 2.0 MHz 5 MHz Adjust the color imaging set-up for slow venous flow setCheck the PRF (Velocity Scale) and wall filter settings Confirm identification of all vessels with pulsed Doppler spectral waveforms Consistently optimize the size of the Doppler sample volume
Hepato-Portal System HepatoPortal vein feed the liver; hepatic veins drain this organ Portal vein carries 70% of oxygenated blood to the liver Remaining 30% carried by hepatic artery
Hepatic Veins
Hepatic Veins
Normal Examination No significant flow disturbance at the hepatohepatocaval confluence Flow throughout the right, middle, and left hepatic veins No evidence of extrinsic compression No intraluminal echoes
Hepatic Veins
Abnormal Examination
Continuous, nonpulsatile flow Hepatopetal or to-fro flow pattern toSignificant flow disturbance at hepato-caval confluence hepatoSegmental absence or reduction of flow Extrinsic compression (Dense cirrhotic tissue, mass, etc.) Intraluminal echoes
Absence of flow in the hepatic veins; all veins may not be involved Identification of collateral vessels, particularly intrahepatic collaterals Concurrent thrombosis of the portal vein (20% of cases) or IVC Extrinsic compression of veins from enlarged caudate lobe or hepatic mass.
Portal Veins
Portal Vein
Normal Examination Diameter < 13 mm at the level of the IVC Nonpulsatile, minimally phasic flow in hepatopetal direction No significant flow disturbance in any segment No intraluminal echoes No evidence of extrinsic compression
TricuspidRegurgitation,CHF,FluidOverload
Portal Vein
Portal Vein
Abnormal Examination Continuous or markedly pulsatile flow Hepatofugal flow direction; diameter > 13 mm Segmental absence of flow Significant flow disturbance in the main portal, at the confluence, or anastomosis (transplant) Extrinsic compression Intraluminal echoes ( may be segmental thrombosis)
Portal Hypertension
Formation of varices due to increased vascular resistance Hepato-fugal flow through Hepatocollateral pathways Porto-systemic Portoanastomoses Flow seeks pathways to inferior vena cava
Portal Hypertension
Gastroesophageal varices Paraumbilical veins Spleno-renal shunts SplenoRetroperitoneal shunts
Portal Hypertension
Portal Hypertension
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Hepatic Artery
When portal venous flow is compromised, hepatic artery flow / velocity may increase Rule out hepatic artery stenosis
Hepatic Artery
Normal Examination Low resistance waveform Peak systolic velocity approximates 100 cm/sec; may increase with portal vein thrombosis or portal hypertension Minimal spectral broadening
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Spleno-renal Shunt
TIPS
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Normal TIPS
Velocity ranges from 100-200 cm/sec 100Hepatofugal flow direction Increased hepatic artery peak systolic velocity ranges from 80-130 cm/sec 80Portal vein velocity ranges from 22-42 cm/sec 22FOSHAGER, AJR 1995; 165: 1-7 1-
TIPS
TIPS Dysfunction
Maximum peak systolic velocity less than 50 cm/sec Change in peak systolic velocity > 50 cm/sec compared to baseline Focal stenosis with at least doubling of the peak systolic velocity
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Liver Doppler Summary Know the anatomy Know the pathology Know the examination technique Know the pitfalls Know the solutions
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