This expert in Biomechanics and a member of the staff at the University of Montana is known as one of the best for a reason.  He studies runners and runner injuries with patellofemoral pain, Achilles tendonitis, and tibial stress fractures and is known for helping assist clinicians with diagnosing and preventing common running injuries.  Rich is a runner himself and ran cross country and track starting in high school. If you are interested in subjects such as the risk of injury, gait retraining (and can we even change gait longer term?), the helpfulness of wearables , strength training and the importance of recovery, this episode will be of special interest to you.  We are back to the science you all love in this episode. Today’s Guest Dr. Richard Willy is an Assistant Professor in the School of Physical Therapy, University of Montana.  He received his PhD in Biomechanics and Movement Science from the University of Delaware and his master of physical therapy from Ohio University. In addition to his research, Dr. Willy has been a clinician for 18 years specializing in treatment of the injured runner. What you will learn about: How runners who suffer tendon or stress fractures are significantly more at risk for additional tendon or stress fractures.  Part comes from not changing training loads and making the same mistakes over again. How general overall life stress in our lives increases the risk of injury because it impacts sleep and recovery overall.  Sleep quality really impacts the risk of stress fractures. How a Clinician can work with runners to change their biomechanics (stride, cadence, etc) and how much practice it takes in order to make those changes the norm for the runner.  How the runner needs to become bodily aware of what the change should feel like.  But, should you even bother to change your gait or is there something else you can do to make your body more durable and lower your injury risk that is more effective? The importance of cadence and whether there really is any magic to the oft touted 180 steps per minute.  Can you trust the cadence reported by your running watch? How stress fractures may need a team of specialists to lower their risk, including Physical Therapists, Strength Coaches and Registered Dietitians. How runners lie to themselves about where they are physically in terms of their training volume.  How we push too hard after a race to improve or try to return to “where we were” too quickly after injury.  The largest risk is in the 3rd work after comeback because that is where the body really starts to break down from accumulated stresses. Strength training is instrumental in tendon health and durability.  And it needs to be heavier weights, not low weight/high rep modes.  Endurance training mitigates the tendency to increase muscle mass but instead helps focus the change on tendon health and strength vs bulking up muscles. Plyometrics can also help with tendon strength and stiffness but at the end of the day strength training gives a bigger bang for the buck. Hip strength is important but won’t change how you are moving.  The process of getting stronger is what is more important and hip strengthening and quadriceps strength seems to best help protect the knees.  Calf raises are also important as a large percentage of our overall propulsion comes from the calf. Wearables are a double edged sword that provide us with some useful info but we also get caught up in the social media aspects and trying to do too much based on our fitness levels because we are competing with our friends vs focusing on our readiness.  Where a wearable can help is providing the data needed to review their running history and where something might have changed that caused an injury in terms of volume or terrain. Heart rate can help with keeping runs easier but as we get dehydrated our bodies have to increase the heart rate in order to push the blood volume so it can be a bit misleading.  Chest straps are more reliable rig