Topologies

TOPOLOGIES

Topologies
Topology refers to physical or logical arrangement of network Physical topologies are
Single Node Bus Star Ring Mesh Tree Hybrid
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TOPOLOGIES

Single Node Topology

Single device, at times device called dumb terminal is connected to the server Devices operates on files from server and returns them back after completing task

TOPOLOGIES

Single Node Topology

Advantages:
Easy to install, configure and manage Least expensive Single cable is required

Disadvantages:
Network consists of single device Dumb terminal is dependent on server

TOPOLOGIES

Bus topology
All devices are connected to a common cable called trunk or backbone. Systems connect to these backbone using T connectors. Maximum segment length of cable is 200 m Maximum of 30 devices per segment

TOPOLOGIES

Bus topology
Advantages:
Installation of devices is easy
Disadvantages:
If backbone breaks, entire network gets down Difficult to isolate problems

Requires less cable compared to star topology

Less expensive and works better for smaller networks

Limited number of devices

Network disrupts when computers are added or removed. Difficult to troubleshoot.

TOPOLOGIES

Star Topology
Each device is connected to a central device called hub through cable Data passes through hub before reaching destination Point to point connection between the device and hub

TOPOLOGIES

Star Topology
Advantages:
Easy to install, configure, manage and expand Centralized management Addition or removal of device does not affect the whole network Easy to troubleshoot and isolate problems.

Disadvantages:
Requires more cable

Failure of hub affects entire network More Expensive

TOPOLOGIES

Ring Topology
Devices are connected in a closed loop All devices have equal access to media Data travels in a circular fashion FDDI, SONET or Token Ring technology are being used to implement a ring network.

TOPOLOGIES

Ring Topology
Advantages:
Data travels at greater speed No collisions Handles large volume of traffic Easy to install Troubleshooting easier

Disadvantages:
More cabling is required compared to bus

One faulty device affects the entire network

Addition of devices affect network

TOPOLOGIES

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Dual Ring Topology

Consists of two independent primary and secondary rings Secondary ring is redundant, used only when primary stops functioning

TOPOLOGIES

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Mesh Topology
Used in WANs to interconnect LANs Every device is connected to every other device

TOPOLOGIES

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Mesh Topology
Advantages:
Ease of network expansion Point to point link Data transfer rate is fast

Disadvantages:
High level of redundancy Wiring is complicated Troubleshooting a failed cable is tricky Expensive

TOPOLOGIES

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Type
Types

Full mesh

Partial mesh

Full mesh topology All devices are connected to each other Partial mesh topology - Some devices are connected to only those with whom they exchange most of the data
TOPOLOGIES 14

Tree Topology
Tree topology is a combination of star and bus topology.

TOPOLOGIES

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Hybrid Topology

Combines two or more different physical topologies Commonly Star-Bus or Star-Ring

TOPOLOGIES 16