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Meaning of Perception

Perception may be defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the environment in which

he lives.

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Sensation Vs Perception

Sensation deals with the basic behavior of an individual, caused by his physiological functions. Perception is the process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the environment in which he lives.

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Sub processes of Perception


External Environment Physical Environment Sociocultural Environment Consequences
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Confrontation

Registration

Interpretation

Feedback

Behavior

Perceptual Selectivity

Though people are exposed to several stimuli , they tend to select only a few at a given point of time, this is perceptual selectivity. Subliminal Perception : when the stimuli is so subtle that an individual may not even be conscious that he is exposed to some stimulus.

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Factors Influencing Perceptual Selectivity

External Attention Factors Intensity Size Contrast Repetition Motion Novelty and familiarity
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Internal Set Factors Learning and Perception Motivation and Perception

Personality and Perception


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External Attention Factors


Intensity According to the intensity principle of attention, the intensity of an external stimulus determines its probability of being perceived. Example: Light Colour Bright Colour

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External Attention Factors


Size: A larger object is more likely to be noticed than a smaller object. Example:

Which you can read fast?

OB
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OB

External Attention Factors


Contrast: According to the principles of contrast,

the stimuli that contradict most with the background or the expectations of people receive maximum attention. Example: Which white square is smaller?

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External Attention Factors Contd


Motion: People gives more attention to moving objects than the stationery objects. Example: Moving object Stationery object

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External Attention Factors Contd


Repetition The more number of times a stimulus is repeated, the more it is likely to be noticed Novelty and Familiarity: New objects in a familiar situation or familiar objects in a new situation draw the perceivers attention.

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Social Perception
It is directly concerned with how one individual perceives other individuals; how we get to know others.
Factors affecting Social perception

Attribution

Stereotyping

The Halo Effect

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Attribution

Attribution refers to how people explain the cause of anothers or their own behavior.
The determination factors:
Distinctiveness
Consensus Consistency

depends

on

three

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Stereotyping

It is the tendency to perceive another person as belonging to a single class or category

Halo effect

The person is perceived on the basis of one trait or event.

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