Odor Content in Waste Water Recycle plant at S.I.

T Campus
By Darshan. S. R

Guide
Dr. C. S. Sadashivaiah
Asst. Professor of Civil Engg Dept
S.I.T

Welcome to All

Introduction
The potential release of odors is a major concern of
public relative to modify existing wastewater treatment facilities,. Thus, the control of odors has become a major consideration in the design and operation of waste water collection, treatment and disposal facilities, especially with respect to the public acceptance of these facilities. In many instances, projects have been rejected because of the fear of potential odors. In several states, wastewater management agencies are now subject to fines and other legal action over odor violations. In view of the importance of odors in the field of wastewater management

About the Plant :

The sewage treatment Plant
(STP) to treat and recycle the campus wastewater is working since 1 year. The plant is designed for 0.15mld per day (1.5 lakh liters per day) sewage quantity. The whole of the treated effluent is being reused for gardening purpose. With this it is possible to avoid unnecessary exploitation of ground water resources of the campus and saving electricity for pumping of ground water

Common complaints :
Odor : The general complaints from the campus

residents and the public using the campus and the students are that of the odor. Occasionally (once in a month) there is odor problem with the intensity from disagreeable to intolerable level. This situation normally lasts for 3-4 days.

Increased Inflow to the plant :

The plant was designed for wastewater flow
of 0.15 MLD to receive the sewage from MG Block, Basaveswara and Allama Prabhu Blocks. However the waste water from LBS block is also being added to the plant now. This amounts to 25% extra. The extra sewage has increased the inflow to the plant and it makes the over load on sewers and manholes, sump well. It also causes rising of sewage into the sludge drying beds.

From wastewater collection

The potential for odor release from collection
system is very high. The biological conversion and the odors compounds or compounds that may react with compounds in the wastewater produce odorous compounds

Choking of Sewers :
Quite frequently choking problems are there in
sewer from hostel blocks. These results in rising of sewage in sewers and manholes are oozing out the same. Anaerobic (septic) conditions develop within sewers this would hamper the smooth aerobic decomposition at the plant. This batch of septic sewage is the reason for offensive odor in the treated effluent.

Possible reasons for choking of sewers:

Improper gratings at kitchens:

All the spent waters in kitchens shall be allowed to the drains passing through the gratings. Otherwise, coir, grit, vegetable peelings, food left outs would enter small sections of sewers blocking their vents. Plastic cups, spoons, clothes, toothpaste sachets, etc were also found when sewer blockages were cleared off.

2.Solid wastes finding their entry into sewers

There are few
uncovered chambers, storm drains which will add solid wastes like plastic cups, bags, leaves, sticks and other debris. This would add up frequent blockage of sewers.

3. open drain leading to main sewer behind lbs block

Bad shape of a open drain leading to main sewer behind MG block

junction manhole- over flowing during peak flows

. Screen chamber fully screens are submerged

chlorine and alum tanks with top un covered

Types of odors
Odorous compounds typically contain either sulfur or
nitrogen The most commonly odor encountered in waste water the rotten egg smell of hydrogen sulfide. Our Campus encounter Odorous compound mixtures methane+ hydrogen sulphite + corbon-di-oxide +ammonia due to stagnation of sewage in sewers and its anaerobic decomposition. The commonly odor encountered in wastewater the obnoxious odor of septic sewage

Measurement of odor Gas Chromatography is the instrument as been used

successfully for the identification of the specific compounds

Odors 1.ammonia

compound characteristic pungent, irritating

2.chlorine
3.chlorophenol 4.dimethyl sulfide

pungent, suffocating
medicinal odor decayed cabbage

5.diphenyl sulfide
6.ethyl mercaptan 7.ethyl sulfide 8.hydrogen sulfide

unpleasant
decayed cabbage nauseating odor rotten eggs

9.methyl amine
10. Indole

putrid, fishy
fecal, nauseating

Source of odors
The principal sources of odors in the waste water management are -

Location
air release valves cleanouts access ports r Raw waste water

source/cause
accumulation of odorous gases released from wastewater accumulation of odorous gases released from wastewater accumulation of odorous gases released from wastewater wet well/septic raw wastewater, Pumping station ,Solids, and scum deposits

odor potential
high high high (manholes)

Waste water Collection system -

high

Wastewater treatment facilities Screening

grit removal w release odorous gases generated organic matter removed with grit high organic loading poor mixing, solids deposits lack of mixing, formation of scum layer high

fixed-film proce
-ses aeration basins sludge storage basins

moderate/ high moderate high

Few remedies
At the wastewater collection

At the waste water treatment

maintaining aerobic conditions through the additions of hydrogen per oxide, pure oxygen, controlling anaerobic microbial by disinfection minimization of free-fall turbulence by controlling water levels reduction of overloading of plant increasing the aeration rate in biological treatment processes adding chlorinated dilution water to sludge thickeners increasing the frequency of disposal of grit and screenings

 The workers in kitchens of all campus hostels

should be educated and instructed not to push coarser garbage like vegetables and food rejects. They shall maintain separate storage bins for them and disposed off. The sewers are meant only to carry liquids waste All storm drains and open chambers should be covered properly. Sewers need to be flushed by treated effluent at least twice a week through alternate manholes. For this it is proposed to lay separate pipes from Over Head Tank. During peak hours, incase of over flow at main junction chamber and manholes, it is proposed to have a bye pass line from main junction chamber to the natural oxidation pond near the STP, which May be pumped later to coconut trees.

 During rainy season when there is less demand

of treated water for gardening, excess treated water can be stored in huge sump (earlier septic tank), which may be utilized as and when required. The percolation ponds located in the campus may also have to be recharged to improve ground water potential. Raw sewage sump (after screen and grit chamber shall be increased in its capacity. The pump to lift raw sewage shall also be increased. The drain pipe connected to sump from sludge drying beds shall be fitted with a non-return valve to avoid poundings of drying beds due to entry of raw sewage from sump well.

 As the plant is constructed at lowest level in the campus,

the plant premises shall be bounded by earthen embankment to avoid submergence due to surface runoff and shall be properly protected. Existing Sludge drying beds are not utilized at present. The sump well in the pump house shall be covered properly. Chemical feeding containers shall be covered from top. The feeding pipe and valves shall be replaced. The plant needs to have a chemical storage room with facilities for weighing, handling and stacking and office space Annual maintenance of the plant like, algae removal from aeration tower, white washes to the masonry structure. All metal structures like stair, bridge, and ladder shall be painted.

 Presently there are only two shifts in a day so

that each person has to work for 12 hours a day. Efficiency may be improved if one more person is employed to have 8 hrs shifts. Additionally the responsibility of sewer line inspection and cleaning can be entrusted. The alum and chlorine dosage shall be maintained properly. Additionally odor control chemicals like hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, Sodium hydroxide shall be added as and when required to prevent excess odor. The gardeners who feed the water to lawn shall be educated. They shall be given shoes, hand gloves, aprons and sanitary soaps, towels etc. Preferably the feeding time schedule can be shifted to institutional non-working hours. Preferable hours for this could be 6am to 9am; 12.30pm to 2pm and 5pm to 7.30pm (7 hours of feeding).