Therefore I say: Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be I peril.

When you are ignorant of the enemy but you know yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal. If ignorant both of your enemy and of yourself, you are certain in every battle to be in peril

FOUNDING OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES

FEB 22

An American communist, purportedly representing the Phil attended the Congress of Toilers of the Far East in Moscow
The Intl Press Correspondence reported that the Profintern recognized the importance of the Phil as strategic point in the Pacific Ocean. Tan MALAKA alias Elias FUENTES arrived in Manila along with 5 or 6 Indonesian refugees from Dutch authorities

06 OCT 23

20 JUL 25

FOUNDING OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES

1928

Crisanto EVANGELISTA and Cirilo BOGNOT attended the Profintern Conference held in Moscow
Sixty labor delegates met at the templo del Trabajo to set up the PKP

26 AUG 30

07 NOV 30

PKP was proclaimed at Plaza Moriones, Tondo. EVANGELISTA headed the 7-man Politburo and the 35-man Central Committee

FOUNDING OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES

26 OCT 32 Supreme Court formally outlawed the PKP
- emphasis on armed revolution

- adoption of parliamentary means to suceed in the revolution

1932

Socialist Party headed by Pedro Abad SANTOS was organized in Central Luzon

and the Socialist Party after Crisanto EVANGELISTA was given conditional pardon by the Commonwealth Government.

MERGER OF THE PKP AND THE 07 NOV 38 SOCIALIST MergerPARTY PKP between the

THE PKP DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

06 Feb 42, The Central Luzon Bureau conference

decided to organize a grla army. Vicente LAVA became general secretary and was elected in absentia.

29 Mar 42, The HUKBALAHAP was established in Bo

San Lorenzo, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

Mar 43, Japanese forces launched a raid in Mt Arayat

which resulted in the capture of many leading party cadres and members.

THE PKP DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

The first line of leadership was arrested by the

Japanese when the Japanese army occupied Manila in January 1943.

Majority of the party mbrs fled to various towns in

Central Luzon. Japanese forces arrested EVANGELISTA, ABAD SANTOS, CAPADOCIA, DEL ROSATIO and others.

Sep 44, BAGUMBALI conference declared the retreat

for defense policy as incorrect. HUKBALAHAP squadrons were regrouped to take the offensive.

THE PKP AFTER WORLD WAR II

A. At the end of World War II, the party leadership decided to shift his headquarters and the center of its political activities from the countryside to the city. B. Party-supported mbrs of congress who had been elected in the 1946 elections were ousted from congress.

DURING THE HUK C

18 OCT 50
FEB-MAR 51
Members of the Politburo-In were arrested. 105 communist suspects operating in Manila together with 5 truck-loads of communist documents were taken by govt operatives. Politburo-Out organized a Central Committee conference and decided to continue with the old party orientation.

DURING THE HUK C

BET WEE N
195116 MAY 1954
54
Many principal leaders of the PKP fell under massive govt operations.

Luis TARUC, bitterly disillusioned, surrendered to the government.

REASONS FOR PKPS DEFEAT

-

IDEOLOGICAL WEAKNESSES
POLITICAL ERRORS MILITARY ERRORS

ORGANIZATION ERRORS

a) PKP leadership was involved in subjectivism. b) The LAVA leadership was criticized as having failed to grasp the nature of a proletarian revolutionary ideology and applied it on the concrete condition.

 PKP did not mobilized the peasantry as the main force of the insurgency. At the later stage, HUK units operated as roving rebel bands detached from its popular support. LAVA erroneously underestimated the govt forces and planned for a twoyear campaign prior to takeover.

A) The party failed to appreciate the strength of the AFP and launched several attacks which were initially successful but in the long run, the HUKs were defeated in the entire struggle. B) The HUKs failed to appreciate their inherent strength as grla forces which could dissipate and spread the govt forces over a wide area if a nationwide deployment was followed.

main disability of the PKP was its failure to build an organization that had a broad mass character and one which was national in scale.

The

THE RE-ESTABLISHMEN
The rectification campaign resulted
in the re-establishment of a more militant communist party which set out to rectify errors, avoid past mistakes and rebuild the party. The ideological, political and organizational characteristics soon started to distinguish the re-established CPP from the old PKP.

These are:
A. Ideology
Adoption of the Marxist-Leninist-Mao Tse Tung thought as its supreme guide to purpose its revolutionary goals

B. Political
1) The party pursues an insurgency which should be identified with the masses. It should be a protracted armed struggle to be launched in the countryside to encircle the cities.

These are:
C. Organization
1) Formation of a communist party which is proletarian in character and armed with MLMTT as its ideological guide. 2) Mobilization of the peasants, workers and students to participate actively and on national scale in the proletarian revolution which is essentially an agrarian revolution.

3) Organization of the National United Front as the other weapon to destroy and isolate the government.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
1961 - Established of National Organization in the University of the Phils as an effect of the national sentiment.
- Jose Ma. SISON who was indoctrinated in Red China organized the Kabataang Makabayan

Nov 64

26 Dec 68 - a Maoist leaning Communist Party of was formally established by Jo Ma SISON with 13 other party mbrs in a barrio in Mangatarem, Pangasinan,

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
Namely: Arthur GARCIA, Nilo TAYAG, Fernando TAYAG, Leoncio CO, Monico ATIENZA, Herminigildo GARCIA IV, Manuel Noli COLLANTES, Renato CASIPE, Ruben GUEVARRA, Ibarra TUBIANOSA, Renato PANGILINAN, Manuel ALAVADO and Mariano LAXA.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
Officers of the CC and mbrs of the EXECOM
Jose Ma. SISON - Chairman

Arthur GARCIA - 1st V-Chmn & Chmn of Mil Comm

Nilo TAYAG Sec-Gen

Monico ATIENZA - 2nd Sec for Orgn & Hd of the Dep of Orgn
Fernando TAYAG- 2nd Sec for Educ & Hd of the Dep of Educ

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
Political Bureau (POLITBURO) Members:
Jose Ma. SISON Arthur GARCIA

Nilo TAYAG
Monico ATIENZA Fernando TAYAG

Herminigildo CASIPE
Ibarra TUBIANOSA

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
29 Mar 69 - Comdr. Dantes group of peasant guerrillas joined SISONs group. The NPA had 60 men with 35 firearms.
Jan 70 - The Communist controlled Kabataang Makabayan has gathered strength and in a show of force organized the violent demonstrations which refers to as the First Quarter Storm, rocked downtown Manila.

17 Feb 72 - Some 200 radical Christians established Christians for Natl Liberation (CNL) under a communist leaning Catholic priest, Fr Edicio de la TORRE of the society of the Divine World.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP A. Urban Phase - 1961 to 1972 (Pre Martial Law)
Jul-Aug 72 - The CPP attempted to establish a grla zone in the remote parts of Isabela and Quezon, a shift from the traditionally HMB based in Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog. Government forces got wind of an attempt to land 3,000 FAs from Communist China aboard MV Karagatan.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
21 Sep 72 - Pres Marcos placed the entire country under martial law. Many party members were apprehended but in general, the CPP was able to preserve its forces. Those who escaped to the countryside where the Armed struggle on a nationwide scale in the countryside was initiated.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
Mar 73 - The MILF under Nur MISUARI, Jose Maria SISONs former associate, launched a large scale offensive action. Heavy fighting continued up to 1976. AFP units were preoccupied with the MNLF secessionist movement.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
24 Apr 73 - The CPP established the National Democratic Front. It announced a 10-point program which in essence was the formal declaration of war of the CPP against the Philippine govt. Among its constituent organization was the Christian for National Liberation (CNL).

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period) NDF Twelve-Point Program
1. Unite the Pilipino people to overflow the rule of U.S. Imperialism and the local reactionaries. 2. Wage a peoples war to win a total, nationwide victory. 3. Establish a democratic coalition govt and a peoples democratic republic. 4. Integrate the revolutionary armed forces into a single national revolutionary army.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period) NDF Twelve-Point Program
5. Uphold and promote the free exercise of the peoples basic democratic rights. 6. Terminate all unequal relations with the U.S and other foreign entities. 7. Complete the progress of genuine land reform, raise rural production through cooperation and modernize agriculture. 8. Carry out national industrialization as the leading factor in economic development.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period) NDF Twelve-Point Program
9. Guarantee the right to employment, raise the peoples living standards and expand social services the soonest after establishing democratic state power. 10. Promote periodic, scientific and popular culture and ensure free public education.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period) NDF Twelve-Point Program
11. Respect and foster the self-determination of the Moro and Cordillera people and all ethnic minorities. 12. Adopt and practice a revolutionary, independent and peace loving foreign policy.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
May 73 - An anti-govt but anti-communist Christian group organized the Nagkakaisang Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (The United Democratic Socialist Party of the Phil or SOCDEM) - Jose Ma. SISON published the pamphlet entitled Specific Characteristics of our peoples War. Adopted as party policy was the creation of grla front nationwide starting in a few major island later. The party also adopted the policy of Centralized Leadership and Decentralized Opns.

1974

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
1976 - 77 - Jose Ma. SISON, Bernabe BUSCAYNO and Victor CORPUZ were captured in a series of government operations.
1978 - The CPP claimed to have expanded and consolidate the party significantly partly through launching of Basic Party Courses.

Jul-Aug 80 - CPP Central Committee claimed it was about to enter the advance stage sub-stage of the strategic defensive.

TWO-PHASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REESTABLISHED CPP B. Rural Phase Mass Mobilization (Post Martial Law Period)
21 Aug 83 - Ex-Senator Aquinos assassination provided for an upsurge of violent rallies and demonstration.
End of 1983 - CPP claimed to have 45 guerrilla fronts, 18 of which are in Mindanao.

The CPP is pursuing a Maoist inspired insurgency

movement because of the hard lessons learned from the old PKP. In avoiding past mistakes, the reestablished CPP strives to attain a party-led movement which is a peasant based protracted war with a nationwide spread. The ideological, political and organizational errors of the past have been replaced now by a time-tested formula for waging guerrilla war with a powerful propaganda machine which seeks to isolate the government from all sectors.

THE UPSURGE OF THE CPP

1984 - The economic dislocation in its aftermath added propaganda ammunition to the CPPs growing machinery

Feb 86 - Pres Marcos, to appease public clamor for him to step down, challenged his political rivals in a snap election 22-25 Feb 86 - The alleged irrigularities committed by the MARCOS camp during the election further provoked public indignations. Series of events followed and came the EDSA revolution which eventually installed Mrs C. Aquino to power CPP boycotted the Snap Pre Election which turned out to be a failure since they were not able exploit the situation

THE UPSURGE OF THE CPP

Feb 87 - GRP and CPP/NDF peace talk bogged down. The insurgents took advantage of the democratic space to consolidate their forces and launch a propaganda blitz to gain international recognition End of 87 CPP strength reach a peak of about 25,200 with 15,500 firearms and 8,059 affected barangays

THE PARTYS DECLINE (1988-1995)

Jul 88 - The AFP launched Campaign Plan LambatBitag to counter the growing influence of the CPP/NPA in the countryside

End of 88 The AFPs campaign plan adversely affected the revolutionary movement. The party membership decreased to 23,0600 firearms to 12,260 and affected barangays to 7,852
1991 - CPP timetable was delayed because of various setbacks resulting from sustained govt countermeasures, internal orgnl problems, arrests of key leaders, tightened CPP intl relations, financials constrains and the collapse of socialist regimes

THE PARTYS DECLINE (1988-1995)

Sep 91 - Senate rejected the continued stay of the US troops in Subic Naval Base until 2001. The withdrawal of US troops have deprived the CPP/NPA/NDF a major exploitable issue Dec 91 - CC released SISONs Reaffirm our Basic Principles and Rectify the Errors Apr 92 - Two opposing factions emerged. The first faction called the pro-SISON and the antiSISON Revisionist group who refuse SISONs accusations that they are against his leadership

THE PARTYS DECLINE (1988-1995)

Sep 92 - RA 7636 was enacted in order to attract the CPP to purge its struggle in the open political arena. This repealed RA 1700 and thus, decriminalized membership in the CPP. Pres RAMOS also granted amnesty to rebels. Oct 92 - The Party, in its 10th CPP plenum, the CC elected a new set of officers and adopted SISONs back-to-basics strategy and the rejection of the insurrectionary Strategy advocated by MRRC Sec Felimon LAGMAN 1995 - The CPP reached its lowest in terms of membership at 6,023, firearms at 5,172 and affected barangays at 445

GAINS RECTIFICATION CAMPAIGN

(1996 TO DATE)
1996 - The CPPs unrelenting effort regain former strongholds registered minimal gains in its strength - from 6,023 to 6,300; FAs from 5,172 to 5,408; and affected barangays from 445 to 480

Jun 2K - Party membership increased to 10,753; FAs to 6,625 and affected barangays to 1,198.
Dec 2K - Five years after, the Party membership increased to 11,255, FAs to 6,851 and affected brgys to 1,279. Guerrilla fronts also increased to 96.

GAINS IN 2001 NATL AND LOCAL ELECTIONS AND RESUMPTION OF PEACE TALK
27 Apr 01 - GRP and NDF peace talks resumed in Oslo, Norway where both panels agreed to complete the peace process in 18 months. Both Panels agreed the following:

1. Creation a joint monitoring committee

2. Complete peace process in 18 months and forge comprehensive agreement on social and econ reforms (CASER) in six months 3. Pursue confidence-building measures

CPP-CC EXECOM DIRECTIVE RE-MAY ELECTION

MAY ELECTION
14 May 01

BAYAN MUNA
Representatives at Lower House

1) Satur OCAMPO 2) Crispin BELTRAN 3) Lisa MASA

PEACE TALKS IN OSLO, NORWAY

10 June 01

- To discuss socio-economic reform - Indefinite Recess due to assassination of Cagayan Rep Rodolfo AGUINALDO