Cdma2000 1X Power Control Algorithm

cdma2000 1X Power Control Algorithm
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
State the significance of power control in CDMA Analyze reverse power control algorithm Analyze forward power control algorithm Optimize power control parameter
Contents
1. Purpose and Principle 2. Classification and Application 3. Reverse Power Control Algorithm 4. Forward Power Control Algorithm
Contents
1. Purpose and Principle 2. Classification and Application 3. Reverse Power Control 4. Forward Power Control
Purpose & Principle
Purpose
Overcome far and near effect Reduce the interference, increase the system capacity
Basic principle
Control the transmitting power of BTS and MS. Ensure the power at receiver through complicated wireless propagation environment can meet the required demodulation threshold.
Based on the previous point, decrease the power of MS and
BTS as much as possible, to decrease the interference among

the user, make the network performance best.
Contents
Classification
According to the direction, power control is divided:
Reverse power control Forward power control
According to the function, power control is divided:
Reverse power control
Reverse open loop power control Reverse closed loop power control (Inner loop + Outer loop)
Forward power control
Measurement report power control EIB power control
Fast power control (Inner loop + Outer loop)
Application
Forward power control base on the protocol revision:
The revision of MS is 2-5 and RC1 channel is allocated, measurement report power control has high priority.
The revision of MS is 3-5 and RC2 channel is allocated, EIB power control is preferred.
The revision of MS is above 6 (including 6), forward fast

power control is preferred.
Reverse power control:
All the version of MS adopts the reverse power control

algorithm, including open loop and closed loop.
Contents
Contents
3. Reverse Power Control Algorithm
3.1 Introduction 3.2 Open Loop Power Control 3.3 Closed Loop Power Control
Reverse Power Control

The object of reverse power control is MS

The purpose of reverse power control:
Overcome the far and near effect
Ensure the power at BTS receiver meet the minimum required

Eb/Nt , decrease the interference and increase the system capacity
Power Control in Access Process

A successful access attempt Reverse open loop power control starts
BTS PAGING FW TFC PAGING Base Sta . Acknlgmt . Order TFC frames of 000s Channel Assnmt . Msg . TFC preamble of 000s FW FC Base Sta . Acknlgmt . Order Mobile Sta . Ackngmt . Order FW TFC Service Connect Msg . Msg RV TFC RV TFC RV TFC Origination Msg
The first access probe
Reverse closed loop power control starts
Svc . Connect Complete FW TFC Base Sta . Acknlgmt . Order
Contents
3. Reverse Power Control
Principle

Supposing that the property on both link are the same Estimate the transmitting power according to the total received power
The factor to influence on transmitting power of MS:
Circumstance of the channel Path loss Cell Load
Received Power
transmitting power
Access Channel (IS95A)

Transmitting power (dBm)= -A + B + C - 16D + E + F F is access _ probe _ correction, the value shall be calculated by Access _ probe _ correction = (n-1)G
Code A B C D E
Parameter Mean _receive _power Offset _ power NOM _ PWR NOM _ PWR _ EXT INIT_PWR
Unit dBm dB dB dB dB
Remark Total received power Related to RC, band class, and channel type Getting from APM Getting from APM Getting from APM
n
G
n
PWR_STEP
times
dB
Access probe sequence

Getting from APM
Access Channel (IS95B, IS2000)

Transmitting power (dBm) = -A + B + C -16D+ E + F + H F is access _ probe _ correction, the value shall been calculated by Access _ probe _ correction = (n-1) G
Code A
Parameter Mean _receive _power
Unit dBm
Remark Total received power
B
C D E
Offset _ power
NOM _ PWR NOM _ PWR _ EXT INIT_PWR
dB
dB dB dB
Related to RC, band class, and channel type

Getting from APM Getting from APM Getting from APM
n
G H
n
PWR_STEP Interference _ correction
times
dB dB

Getting from APM Interference _ correction =min { max ( -7-Ec/Io ,0 ) ,7 }
Traffic Channel (RC1, RC2)

Transmitting power (dBm) = -A+ B+ C- 16D+ E+ F+ H+ J F is access _ probe _ correction, the value shall been calculated by Access _ probe _ correction = (n-1)G
Code A B, C, D, E, G, H
n
Parameter Mean_receive _power Mixed Parameter

n
Unit dBm dB
times
Remark Total received power The meaning of each parameter is the same as previous slide
RLGAIN_ADJ
dB
Getting from ECAM
Traffic Channel (RC3, RC4)

Transmitting power of R-PICH= -A+ B+ C- 16D+ E+ F+ H+ J F is access _ probe _ correction, the value shall been calculated by Access _ probe _ correction = (n-1)G Transmitting power of R-FCH= Transmitting power of R-PICH+ K
Code A B, C, D, E, G, H n J K Parameter Mean_receive _power Mixed Parameter n RLGAIN_ADJ RLGAIN_TRAFFIC_PI LOT Unit dBm dB times dB dB Remark Total received power The meaning of each parameter is the same as previous slide Access probe sequence Getting from ECAM Getting from ESPM
Open Loop Parameters
Command: MOD APM

Parameter NOM_PWR NOM _ PWR _ EXT
NUMSTEP
Range Default Setting -8~7 Y/ N 0~15 -16~15 0~7 4 N
Unit dB Y: Sent N: Not sent
5 0 4
Times dB dB
INIT_PWR PWR_STEP
Review
Reverse open loop power control is simple and direct, and it doesn't need to exchange the control information
between the BTS and MS, saving the overload message.
Reverse open loop power control estimate the power base on forward link measurement, but precision is too low.
Forward link and reverse link are not correlative

The total received power is subject to the influence on neighbor cell, and the error is remarkable when the user is on
the border of cell
Response frequency is around 50 Hz.
Contents
3. Reverse Power Control Algorithm
Principle
Calculate FER Set Eb/Nt value Detect reverse Eb/Nt Insert power control bit
Outer Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
20ms forward traffic frame
1.25ms
Power control bit
Reverse close loop power control adjust the power of MS base on the R-FER and Eb/Nt, it consists of inner and outer loop
Out loop PC change the setting Eb/Nt on the reverse link periodically
Inner loop PC adjust the power of MS base on the setting Eb/Nt
Inner Loop Power Control Flow

Setting Eb/Nt of BTS (variable) Adjust the RTCH power of MS Demodulate R-TCH to get measurement Eb/Nt YES
Result 0 ?
NO
Power Control Bit = 1
Forward PC sub-channel
Outer Loop Power Control Flow

Target FER in BSC Setting Eb/Nt of BTS (variable) Demodulate R-TCH to get the measurement FER YES
Result 0 ?
NO
Increase Eb/Nt
Decrease Eb/Nt
Send it on Abis link
Target FER Configuration
Command: MOD FER

Parameter F-FCH Voice Service Expected FER1 R-FCH Voice Service Expected FER1 F-FCH Data Service Expected FER1 R-FCH Data Service Expected FER1 F- nXSCH Data Service Expected FER1 R- nXSCH Data Service Expected FER1 Range Default Value Unit
0.2%~30%
0.2%~30% 0.2%~30%
1%
1% 1%
1%
1% 1%
0.2%~30%
0.2%~30% 0.2%~30%
1%
Log2n 1% Log2n 1%
1%
1% 1%
Parameters
Command: MOD RCLPC

Parameters
Outer _ Loop _ Power _ Algorithm _ Factor Eb/Nt _ Down _ Step Eb/Nt _ Max. _ Adjustment _ Step Reverse _ Initial _ Set _ Value Max. _ Value _ of _ FCH _ Outer _ Loop Min. _ Value _ of _ FCH _ Outer _ Loop Reverse _ Power _ Step Reverse_Gain_Adjust Min. _ Value _ of _ SCH Max. _ Value _ of _ SCH
Range
0~100 0~255 0~255 0~255 0~255 0~255 0.25~1 -8~7 0~255 0~255
Default Value
0 1 10 48 96 16 0.5 3 32 96
Unit
% 0.125dB 0.125dB 0.125dB 0.125dB 0.125dB 0.25 /0.5 /1dB dB 0.125dB 0.125dB
Adjustment Process
Eb/Nt
Reverse _ Outer _ Loop _ Power _ Control _ Period
Max. _ Value _ of _ FCH _ Outer _ Loop
Eb/Nt _ Down _ Step
Eb/Nt _ Up _ Step
Min. _ Value _ of _ FCH _ Outer _ Loop
33
66
99
132
165
198
frame
Reverse PC in Soft Handoff
Base on the understanding of purpose and principle of power control, how to analyze the following power control?
Finally, it would increase or decrease
Summary
In the current system, reverse power control is realized by

open loop and closed loop power control together.
MS starts the reverse open loop power control with the first access probe
MS starts the reverse closed loop power control after successfully demodulate the first reverse traffic channel preamble, to correct the precision of reverse open loop power control
Compared with forward power control, reverse power

control is more complicated. With large variance range and high sensitivity, reverse power control compensate fast fading.
Contents
Contents
4. Forward Power Control Algorithm
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Report Power Control 4.3 EIB Power Control 4.4 Fast Power Control
Purpose

The object of forward power control is BTS The purpose of forward power control:
To maximize forward system capacity, it decreases the power of forward traffic channel as much as possible, on the condition that ensure the power at the receiver with the minimum required Eb/Nt
To improve the quality of service on the border of cell, and decrease the interference to the neighbor cell as much as
possible
Contents
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Report Power Control 4.3 EIB Power Control 4.4 Fast Power Control
Classification
MS measure forward traffic frame, and report the PMRM to BSC, then the BSC adjust forward channel gain depending on that PMRM, the frame processing board sends it in forward traffic frame to the BTS
The measurement report power control includes:
Threshold mode: report PMRM to the BTS, only when the number of bad frame meet the threshold defined in a period
Period mode: report PMRM to BTS every other a period
Period Mode
Target FER in BSC
MS measures the forward traffic frame
Current FER Report PMRM
YES
Result 0 ?
NO
Adjust the FTCH power of BTS
Increase
Decrease
Forward Channel Gain
Threshold Mode
Report PMRM NO MS measures the forward traffic frame periodically Bad frame NO.T? BSC measures PMRM periodically
YES PMRM
No PMRM
Increase Adjust the F-TCH power of BTS
Decrease
Forward Channel Gain
Parameters
Command: MOD FSLOWPC

Parameter Range Default setting 0 -36 0 2 2 Unit 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB frame
Max. TCH power relative to pilot -200~55 Min. TCH power relative to pilot -200~55 Initial TCH power relative to pilot -200~55 Power Decrease Step Reporting Threshold 0~255 0~31
Reporting Frame Count

Power Report Delay
5~905
0~31
113
1
frame
4 frames
Contents
4. Forward Power Control
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement report Power Control 4.3 EIB Power Control 4.4 Fast Power Control
Principle
In IS95B system, specially for rate set 2, BSC adjusts the forward channel gain according to EIB which is carried in reverse traffic frame
EIB = 0, it means good frame in forward channel EIB = 1, it means bad frame in forward channel
Rate set 2 in IS95 system adopts 13K QCELP, the system control
the power of BTS according to the EIB in each frame, no need PMRM message, so it can do the power control faster, the power
control frequency is 50 Hz
Principle (Cont.)
EIB is fixed in the first bit of each reverse traffic frame.

Frame format of Rate Set 2 :1 frame = 288 bits (20ms)
0/1
287 bits
It takes two frames delay to process the EIB.

i-2
i+2
i-1
i+1
i
i
i+1
i-1
Parameters
Command: MOD FEIBPC

Parameters Range Default setting -40 -64 Unit 0.25dB 0.25dB
Max. TCH power relative to pilot -200~55 Min. TCH power relative to pilot Bad Frame Number Power Up Step Power Down Small Step Power Down Big Step -200~55
0~255
0~255 0~255 0~255
3
8 1 2
frame
0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB
Adjustment Process
Gain ( dB )
Max Transmitting Power
Power Down Big Step
Power Up Step
Power Down Small Step Min Transmitting Power Frame 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Contents
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement report Power Control 4.3 EIB Power Control 4.4 Fast Power Control
Principle
Forward power control contains inner loop and outer loop power control, and the inner loop and outer power control work together
Target FER get from ECAM Calculate FER Set target Eb/Nt value Detect forward Eb/Nt Insert power control bit
Outer Loop
Inner Loop
Pilot
Power Control 384 Chips
1 Power Control Group=1536 PN Chips 1.25 ms
Fast Power Control Mode
When the protocol revision of MS is 6, it supports some types of forward fast power control mode (FPC_MODE):
FPC_MODE= 000: one power control sub-channel800 Hz
FPC_MODE= 001: two power control sub-channels, 400-400 Hz

FPC_MODE= 010: two power control sub-channels, 200-600 Hz
Inner Loop Power Control

Setting Eb/Nt of MS (variable) Adjust the FTCH power of BTS
Demodulate F-TCH to get measurement Eb/Nt YES
Result 0 ?
NO
Reverse PC sub-channel
Outer Loop Power Control

MS inside
Target FER carried by F-PCH Setting Eb/Nt (variable) Demodulate R-TCH to get measurement FER
Last Eb/Nt
Chip will complete automatically depending on some algorithm
Important Parameter
Command: MOD FFASTPC

Channel Parameter Initial Eb/Nt Range 0~255 0~255 0~255 0~255 0~255 0~255 Default Setting 40 16 80
-16 (1X) -52 (1X) -16 (1X)
Unit 0.125dB 0.125dB 0.125dB

0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB
Voice/Data FCH
Min Eb/Nt Max Eb/Nt
1X SCH (32X
SCH)
Initial Eb/Nt (Relative to FCH) Min Eb/Nt Max Eb/Nt
FCH /SCH
Voice/Data FCH
Forward Power Control Step

Initial Power Correction Value
1-4
0~255
2
46
0.25dB
0.25dB
Important Parameters (Cont.)

Channel IS95/ IS2000 Forward Power Control Sub-channel Parameter Gain 1 Gain 2 Gain 3 Channel Min. Gain 1 Channel Min. Gain 2 Channel Min. Gain 3 Range 0~127 / 0~31 -255~0 -255~0 -255~0 -255~0 -255~0 -255~0 Default Setting 0/ 12 12/ 24 19/ 31 -96 -84 -72 0 0 0 Unit 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB 0.25dB
Voice/Data FCH
Channel Max. Gain 1 Channel Max. Gain 2 Channel Max. Gain 3
Forward Fast PC in Soft Handoff
In soft handoff, forward branches are combined in MS, and the quality of service is guaranteed as long as one branch is good.
So the power of the other forward branch shall be waste to the

whole system
In soft handoff, MS combines branches based on the maximum ratio algorithm. If the At/Ap of different branches is not balanced, the At won't be combined fully, and the combination gain in forward will be decreased, so it may occur error coding, and need BTS to increase forward power to meet the target FER, it will result in system capacity loss
Maximum ratio (At/Ap) = power of traffic channel/ power of pilot channel
Power Synchronization
90
Correlator 1
Correlator 2 Receive set Correlator 3 At/ Ap Searcher correlator
Combine the branches which have close At/Ap
In order to balance the At/Ap among forward soft handoff branches, save the forward power effectively, and increase
the usage of forward resource, Huawei company designes

the power synchronization algorithm.
Power Synchronization
BSC BTS
Reverse traffic frame

Synchronization Algorithm Forward traffic frame
Principle
Make the power of the branch with worse quality close to that of the branch with good quality as much as possible, because the power of the branch with good quality must be lower, and in
order to get a high combination gain, the At/ Ap of soft handoff

branches should be close.
Summary
RC1 and RC2 in CDMA 1X system adopt forward power control as same as IS-95 system, RC3~RC5 adopt forward fast power control
Forward fast power control contains inner loop and outer loop power control, and in the current system, inner loop and outer loop cooperate to control the power of forward traffic channel of the BTS.
Thank you
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Cdma2000 1X Power Control Algorithm

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Cdma2000 1X Power Control Algorithm

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cdma2000 1X Power Control Algorithm

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose & Principle

Based on the previous point, decrease the power of MS and

BTS as much as possible, to decrease the interference among

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

According to the direction, power control is divided:

Reverse power control Forward power control

According to the function, power control is divided:

Reverse power control

Forward power control

Measurement report power control EIB power control

Fast power control (Inner loop + Outer loop)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Forward power control base on the protocol revision:

The revision of MS is above 6 (including 6), forward fast

Reverse power control:

All the version of MS adopts the reverse power control

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reverse Power Control

The object of reverse power control is MS

Overcome the far and near effect

Ensure the power at BTS receiver meet the minimum required

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control in Access Process

The first access probe

Reverse closed loop power control starts

Svc . Connect Complete FW TFC Base Sta . Acknlgmt . Order

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The factor to influence on transmitting power of MS:

Circumstance of the channel Path loss Cell Load

Access Channel (IS95A)

Access probe sequence

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Access Channel (IS95B, IS2000)

Parameter Mean _receive _power

Remark Total received power

Related to RC, band class, and channel type

Access probe sequence

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic Channel (RC1, RC2)

Parameter Mean_receive _power Mixed Parameter

Getting from ECAM

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic Channel (RC3, RC4)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Open Loop Parameters

Command: MOD APM

Range Default Setting -8~7 Y/ N 0~15 -16~15 0~7 4 N

Unit dB Y: Sent N: Not sent

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

between the BTS and MS, saving the overload message.

Forward link and reverse link are not correlative

the border of cell

Response frequency is around 50 Hz.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.