The eye is that organ of the body that allows us to see the world around us.

It is one of the most precious gifts of God to mankind, most wonderful and perfect optical instrument. Nature has provided the normal human eye with the power of accommodation and it is because of this power that we can see objects from about 25 cms. upto infinity. The eye is similar to Camera in its functioning. The retina in eye corresponds to a film in a camera. The image formed in both is inverted.

SIMILARITY :
LENS IS CONVEX IMAGE FORMED IS REAL, INVERTED AND SMALLER IN SIZE.

DIFFERENCE
CAMERA
1. 2. NON LIVING CONVEX LENS IS MADE UP OF GLASS HAS FIXED THICKNESS AND FIXED FOCAL LENGTH. PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM OR ROLE ACT AS SCREEN. PHOTOGRAPHIC THEN WASHED PHOTOS. FILM IS TO GET 1. 2.

EYE
LIVING CONVEX LENS IS MADE UP OF LIVING CELLS.THICKNESS OF EYE LENS CAN BE CHANGED BY ACTION OF MUSCELS. RETINA IS A THIN TISSUE WHICH ACT AS A SCREEN. RETINA SEND SIGNALS TO BRAIN WHICH INTERPRET IT.

3. 4.

3. 4.

VISUAL PARTS OF THE EYE : 1) CORNEA 2) PUPIL 3) IRIS 4) EYEBROWS 5) EYELASHES 6) EYELIDS

INTERNAL PARTS : 1) RETINA 2) LENS 3) OPTIC NERVE

1) Real (Image can be formed on the screen) 2) Smaller than the object and 3) Upside down

Virtual Image
Virtual image is that image which cannot be formed on a screen i.e. by mirror. In the mirror, the image seems to be formed behind the mirror and is imaginary.

The eye sees by absorbing the light rays reflected by objects. These light rays enter the eye through cornea and pupil. The lens focuses the image on the retina which records it in an inverted position and transmits the electronic signals to brains visual center by optic nerve. The brain interprets the image as erect and of the correct size.

In this model, the hole represents pupil and tracing paper represents retina. When light enters the eye, it turns upside down. Accordingly, the images on the tracing paper and retina are upside down.

Light
The eye needs light rays in order to function. It can see in dim or bright light but not in darkness. Cornea Cornea is the window of the eye and lies in front of the iris. It allows light rays to enter and does 80% of the eyes focusing. Iris Iris is a coloured disk that controls pupil size by contracting or expanding its muscles thereby modifying the amount of light entering the eye.

Pupil Pupil is a circular aperture in the center of the iris. It controls the amount of light entering the eye. Lens The flexible lens lies behind the iris and constantly adjusts to provide a sharp image all the time. It is a converging lens that forms images of objects on the retina located at the back of the eye. Retina It is also called the screen of the eye ball where the images of object are formed. It is made up of 137 million light sensitive cells known as Rods and Cones. The most sensitive point on the retina is called Yellow Spot while the least sensitive point is known as the blind spot. Macula is the sensitive spot of the eye.

Defects of Vision Myopia It is also called short sightedness or near sightedness. Image is formed in front of retina. Blurred image is formed. Found in childhood. Inherited disease. Corrected by convex lens.

Hyperopia (Hyper metropia) It is also called long sightedness or far sightedness. In ability to focus on near things. Image is formed behind the retina. Found in adults. Corrected by concave lens.

Cataract It is clouding of clear lens of eye compared to frosted window of the car. It is ageing of the eye. Mostly found in people above age of 40 years. Corrected by operation.

1) The reading distance between book and eye should be minimum 30 cms. 2) Adequate light from over the right shoulder should fall on the book being read. 3) Use only prescribed medicines and not home made remedies to avoid irreparable loss. 4) Do not watch TV and work on computer for more than one hour at a stretch. 5) Wear sunglasses to avoid UV rays. 6) Secret of Good vision -- annual eye examination, well balanced diet and regular exercise.