DENIM WASHING

(A value addition process)

Submitted tosubmitted byMr. Vasant Kothari Harmendar kothari

Mr.

Contents
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Introduction Types of washes Chemical washes Mechanical washes Cost References

Introduction
Denim washing is know as one of the finishing treatment that has vast usage because of creating special appearance and updating clothes There is different methods of denim washing.

Types of washes

Mechanical washes

Chemical washes

Stone wash

Whiskering

Sand blasting

Enzyme wash

Bleach wash

Acid wash

spray

On the base of chemical use

Types of washes Dry wash whiskering Laser technology

On the bases of water use

Wet wash Stone wash Enzyme wash Bleach wash PPC spray Tinting Acid wash

Damage Grinding scrubbing

A. Chemical washes1. Enzyme Wash(Bio Stoning) Cellulase enzymes are natural proteins which are
used It attacks on 1,4-beta-glucoside bond of cellulose molecule e.g. Denim ax PB/BT

Cellulase enzyme

Acid cellulase

Neutral cellulase

optimized pH and temperature = maximum activity of the enzyme

2. Acid WashIt is done by tumbling the garments with pumice stones presoaked in a solution of sodium hypochlorite or potassium permanganate for localized bleaching resulting in a non uniform sharp blue/white contrast.
Results depends on:-Fabric -Stone(quantity)

-chemical used(conc.) -machine used

Limitations of acid wash: Tendency to be yellowish incomplete reduction gives create problem Remedy: Manganese is effectively removed during laundering with addition of reducing agent(sodium bisulfate,1-5gpl, 50 deg. Cent.,20mins) -

3.Denim BleachTo decolorize the dark shade into light shade by destroying indigo. INDIGO --------------------------. ISATIN (oxidative bleaching agent) Chemicals sodium hypochlorite KMnO4 Hydrogen peroxide

Discoloration produced is usually more apparent depending : On strength of the bleach liquor On bleach liquor quantity On temperature and On treatment time. DrawbackHarmful to human health and causes corrosion to stainless steel.

3-E Bleaching concept for denim-

Bleaching with sulphiric acid derivatives, and recently with laccase(enzyme). Technology in based on a Laccase(a redox enzyme using mol. Oxygen as electron acceptor) and mediator. eg. DeniLite(enzyme + PPT)

Other chemical washesRINSE WASH Ozone fading Over dye- tinting Sun washing Quick wash denim Water jet fading Vintage etc.

B. Mechanical washes1. Stone washingPumice stones give the additional effect of a faded or worn look
Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1 Dia.of stone-1-7 cm

Pumice stone

Recommended Specification for StonesMoisture content-less than 5% Surface properties-less than 5% fines Apparent Density-0.5-0.75gm/cm3 Abrasion loss-35% Impurities when exceed 10% they increase apparent density1 gm/cm3, the stone will not float in water during process.

2. Sand blasting:Sand blasting technique is based on blasting an abrasive material in granular, powdered or other form through a nozzle at very high speed and pressure onto specific areas of the garment surface.

process

product look

3.Whiskering-(Cat's Whiskers)
Industrially done with laser, sandblasting, machine sanding, hand sanding and rods. 'knee whiskers' -whiskers on the sides of knees honeycombs' -crease marks on the back of the knee

honeycomb Whiskers on skirt

 Other mechanical washesLASER TECHNOLOGY

SUPER STONEWASH
Scrapping Grindings-

Laser technology grinding

Scrubbing

Tagging on pockets

CostingWASH COST($) WASH Whiskering scrapping Tagging 0.15 .70 .25 .10 1$ 3 min-0.20 30 mins-0.60 .85 Sand blasting(band) Silicosis( Levis and H&M) Damage .10 -.50 COST($) .40 .35 .15-.30

Enzyme wash
Acid wash Enzyme stone Bleach wash TieingStone wash PPC spray Tinting Laser technology Ozone washEnzyme stone wash

.70
1$ .95

Pocket edge & hem grinding

.10

1.www.fibre2fashion.com 2.Washing Report of Arvind Mills 3.Denim garment washing process-ATIRA 4.Denim garment processing Express Textile(march 2003) 5.Garment washing & finishing- Pearl Academy of Fashion