Concept Experiment Interpret Data Evaluation

M O R E E L E C T R O P O S I T I V E

K+ Na+ Ca+2 Mg+2 Al +3 Zn+2 Fe+2 Sn+2 Pb +2 H+ Cu+2 Hg+2 Ag+ Au+

K+ Na+ Ca+2 Mg+2 Al +3 Zn+2 Fe+2 Sn+2 Pb +2 H+ Cu+2 Hg+2 Ag+ Au+

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES Cation

The MORE electropositive metal is able to displace a LESS electropositive metal from its salt solution

Concept:
Zinc

Copper(II) sulphate solution (Salt solution) Brown solid

Note: Salt solution: sulphate / nitrate/ chloride / carbonate*

 Zinc is higher than copper in ECS Zinc is able to displace copper from copper(II) sulphate solution

Chemical Equation:
ion

Zn + CuSO4
atom

ZnSO4 + Cu
ion atom

Before Reaction

Zn

Cu+2 Cu+2

Zn
Zn

copper(II) sulphate solution

After reaction

Zinc dissolved
[ atom change to ion] Copper(II) sulphate solution Zn2+ Zn+2 Cu Cu Brown solid [ ion change to atom] Blue solution change to Colourless [ concentration of Cu2+ ion decreased]

Chemical Equation:

Zn + CuSO4
atom ion

ZnSO4 + Cu
ion atom

HALF Equation:

Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e Cu

IONIC Equation:

Zn+ Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu

But..
When copper is put in zinc sulphate solution, There is No change???????
Copper try to displace zinc But Cu is lower than Zn is ECS Cu is not able to displace zinc .

How can we construct the electrochemical series based on the displacement of metals ?
Idea : If metal X is able to displace metal Y from Y chloride solution, So X is more electropositive than Y Or X is higher than Y in the ECS

Experiment 6.8

How can we know that displacement reaction takes place ?.

When you can observe these changes : New solid deposited Solutions colour changed Metal used dissolved / thinner Test tube feels hot

Data & Observation

Metal
Copper nitrate Lead nitrate Zinc nitrate Magnesium nitrate

copper Lead

Zinc
Magnesium

Metal Copper

Copper nitrate

Lead nitrate

Zinc nitrate

Magnesium nitrate

X
Lead dissolved /brown S Zinc dissolved OR brown solid Zinc dissolved / Grey S

Lead

X X

Zinc

Magnesium Mg dissolved /Brown S

Mg

dissolved dissolved /Grey S /Grey S

Mg

Interpret the data

1. Magnesium is able to displace copper, lead and zinc So magnesium > copper magnesium > lead magnesium > zinc 1. Zinc is able to displace copper, lead and zinc So magnesium > copper magnesium > lead magnesium > zinc

Conclusion

Arrange the metals in descending order of tendency to release electron is : Mg > Zn > Pb > Cu

Equation
Metal Zinc Solution Half Equation Lead nitrate
Zn
Pb+2 + 2e

Zn+2 + 2e
Pb Zn+2 + Pb

Ionic Equation

Zn + Pb+2

Zinc become thinner / dissolved Grey solid deposited

Test yourself.. Put a copper strip into a test tube contains silver nitrate solution. State the observation Write the half equations
copper
Silver nitrate solution

1.

Predict whether take

A. Ada tindak balas B. Tiada tindak balas

Manakah antara berikut mewakili setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam tabung uji itu.
A.
B.

Pb+2 + Zn
Pb + Zn
+2

Pb + Zn
Pb
+2

+2

+ Zn

Manakah antara berikut mewakili setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam tabung uji itu.
A.
B.

Pb+2 + Zn
Pb + Zn
+2

Pb + Zn
Pb
+2

+2

+ Zn

Manakah antara berikut mewakili setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam tabung uji itu.
A.
B.

Pb+2 + Zn
Pb + Zn
+2

Pb + Zn
Pb
+2

+2

+ Zn

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
The more electropositive metal is able to displace the less electropostive metal from its salt solution K+ Na+ Ca+2 Mg+2 Al +3 Zn+2 Fe+2 Sn+2 Pb +2 H+ Cu+2 Hg+2 Ag+ Au+