Prajakta.S.

Kolhatkar& Avanti Kulkarni

FROM JAWAHARLAL DARDA INSTITUTE OF ENGG.& TECHNOLOGY

Technoxtreme-09

In
BIOPOLYMERS IN TEXTILES

INTRODUCTION
During the last two decades many significant advances have been made in development of biocompatible materials for biomedical applications and industrial applications also. In biomedical field the aim is to develop and characterize artificial materials for use in human body to measure, restore and improve physiological function and enhance survival and quality of life.

CLASSIFICATION OF BIOPOLYMER
Biopolymers can be derived from microbial systems, extracted from higher organisms such as plants, or synthesized chemically from basic biological building. Biopolymers are being developed for use as medical materials, packaging, cosmetics, food additives, clothing fabrics, water treatment chemicals, industrial plastics, absorbents, biosensors, and even data storage elements.

Biopolymer properties
o Non-toxic (biosafe): Non- pyrogenic, Nonhemolytic, Chronically, non- inflammative, o Effective: Functionality, Performance, Durability, etc o Sterilizable: Ethylene oxide, c-Irradiation, Electron beams, Autoclave, Dry heating,etc. o Biocompatible: Interfacially, Mechanically, and Biologically

VARIOUS MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Suturing Fixation Adhesion Covering Occlusion Isolation Contact inhibition Controlled drug delivery

Biocompatible polymers used

Biocompatible polymers include any synthetic or Natural polymers,metals,alloys,glasses, ceramics, composites, or other nonviable substances including tissue rendered nonviable. Recently the term Biocompatible polymers (biomaterial) was defined as a nonviable material used in medical device applications that is intended to interact with a biological system. In the other word, it can be defined as materials that are used in contact with tissue, blood, cells, protein and any other living substance

Biocompatible polymers in general are used

To replace tissues which are diseased or otherwise nonfunctional, as in joint replacements, artificial heart valves and arteries, tooth reconstruction and intraocular lenses; To assist in the repair of tissue, including the obvious sutures but also bone fracture plates, ligament and tendon repair devices; To replace all or part of the function of the major organs, such as in haemodialysisoxygenation (lungs), left ventricular or whole heart assistance (heart), perfusion (liver), and insulin delivery (pancreas); To deliver drugs to the body, either to targeted sites (e.g. directly to a tumour) orsustained delivery rates (insulin, pilocarpin and contraceptives).

BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

The goal of the controlled release devices is to maintain the drug in the desired therapeutic range with just a single dose. Localized delivery of the drug to a particular body compartment lowers the systemic drug level, reduces the need for follow-up care, preserves medications that are rapidly destroyed by the body, and increases patient comfort and/or improves compliance.

Collagen:
Collagen is well established as a safe and effective biomaterial and was one of the. Rest to be used in medical products. It combines the properties of high tensile strength, biocompatibility and absorbability in living tissue. Before the era of synthetic polymers, collagen sutures were used as a standard material in surgical procedures, a practice that can be traced back to the Ancient Egyptians.

Collagen-Based Localized Drug Delivery Systems

Biodegradable polymers make ideal vehicles for localized drug delivery. Systems based upon synthetic polymers are currently under development. However, collagen offers the advantages of a natural and well-established biocompatible material, together with its complimentary wound healing and haemostatic properties. Some companies pioneered the use of collagen for localized drug delivery with the breakthrough therapeutic product Collatamp G, based upon its CollaRx platform

Collarx technology
Collarx is a localized drug delivery system based upon a type-1 collagen matrix derived from bovine or equine Achilles tendon. Products may be formatted either as a lyophilized porous sponge or as a transparent/translucent sheet (or membrane) about 50 m in thickness (Figure 2 In vivo, drug is released by a combination of diffusion and natural enzymatic breakdown of the collagen matrix. This provides both rapid and prolonged release. The matrix itself is fully resorbed within one to seven weeks according to implant location .

Lyophilized porous sponge

Transparent Sheet

 Collatamp G is an implantable type-I collagen sponge impregnated with 2.0 mg/cm2 of gentamicin sulfate. It is approved as a medicinal drug product in many European countries and is currently marketed under various brand names by Schering Plough Corporation. The product is indicated for the surgical treatment and post-surgical prevention of infection in bone and soft tissue and has been clinically proven to reduce rates of infection and substantially reduce the average duration of hospital stay. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that high local concentrations of gentamicin.

Collatamp G

Lactide and Glycolide

The incidence of mycobacterial infections has increased rapidly in recent years; one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Chemotherapy of tuberculosis is complicated by the need for multi-drug regimens given over long periods. Current short-course chemotherapy (SCC) involves daily administration of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) for a period of 69 months. Therapy for TB may be further complicated by patient non-compliance and the development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains.

Lactide and Glycolide

ADVANCED DELIVERY DEVICES

Recently biocompatible biopolymers are used for cellbased therapies delivered via devices.These procedures use human or animal ells to produce naturally occurring proteins for administration to patients to treat symptoms or cure disease. Under this section devices that are being developed to deliver large molecular weight proteins like insulin through routes other than conventional injection.In delivery of insulin the drug (insulin) is being manufactured not in the drug companys facilities, but in the transplanted cell, and delivered directly to the patient in response to glucose levels in his/her bloodstream.

BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS IN BONE GRAFTING

Periprosthetic osteolysis bone loss in the vicinity of a prosthesisis the most serious problem limiting the longevity of artificial joints. It is caused by bone-resorptive responses to wear particles originating from the articulating surface. Mechanical studies using a hip-joint simulator revealed that the MPC grafting a hip-joint simulator revealed that the MPC grafting Osteoclastic bone resorption induced by subperiosteal injection of particles onto mouse calvariae was abolished by the MPC grafting on particles

CONCLUSION
Textile materials like biocompatible polymers continue to serve an important function in the development of a range of medical and surgical products. The introduction of new materials, the improvement in production techniques and fiber properties, and the use of more accurate and comprehensive testing have all had significant influence on advancing fibers for medical applications.