DC MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS

Preliminary notes
DC power systems are not very common in the contemporary engineering practice. However, DC motors still have many practical applications, such automobile, aircraft, and portable electronics, in speed control applications An advantage of DC motors is that it is easy to control their speed in a wide range. DC generators are quite rare. Most DC machines are similar to AC machines. DC machines have DC outputs just because they have a mechanism converting AC voltages to DC voltages at their terminals. This mechanism is called a commutator therefore, DC machines are also called commutating machines.

The simplest DC machine

The simplest DC rotating machine consists of a single loop of wire rotating about a fixed axis. The magnetic field is supplied by the North and South poles of the magnet. Rotor is the rotating part; Stator is the stationary part.

The simplest DC machine

We notice that the rotor lies in a slot curved in a ferromagnetic stator core, which, together with the rotor core, provides a constant-width air gap between the rotor and stator. The reluctance of air is much larger than the reluctance of core. Therefore, the magnetic flux must take the shortest path through the air gap.

DC motor basics
permanent magnets

N N rotor S stator S

brush
+
V

commutator attached to shaft

DC motor basics
permanent magnets

N N rotor S stator S N S

+
V

+
V

DC motor basics
permanent magnets

N N rotor S stator S N S N N S S

+
V

+
V

+
V

SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR

Effect of Armature motors resistance speed control on a shunt motors torque-speed

Only used in applications in which: - motor spends almost all its time operating at full speed or - inexpensive to justify a better form of speed control

SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR

since P=T., & torque limit decreases as speed of motor increases: - max. power out of dc motor under field current control is constant, while max. torque varies as reciprocal of motors speed These shunt dc motor power & torque limitations for safe operation as a function of speed shown next

SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR

Power & Torque limits as a function of speed for a shunt motor under VA & RF control

SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR

Magnetization curve

speed vs. torque

speed w

at a fixed voltage

V ke

no torque at max speed

max torque when stalled

torque t

ktV R

DC Motor Controller Process

Elevator Drive Requirements

Elevator Duty Cycle

2.5
P O W E R EMPTY CAR

FULL CAR

1.0 0 -1.0
EMPTY CAR FULL CAR

K I L O W A T T S

-2.5

Four Quadrant Operation

What Customers Want

Repeatable Elevator Performance Smooth Operation Reliable Operating Life Effortless Installation Custom Control Interface

High Efficiency
Conformance to All Codes

Low Installed Cost

Elevators vs. Industrial Applications Infinitely Variable Speed Range

Infinitely Variable Torque Range with Smooth Bump Less Operation

Millions of Repeated Operating Cycles with High Peak Torque Accurate Stopping Position

Elevators vs. Industrial Applications Quiet Operation

Long Operating Life

Long-Term Product Support

THANK YOU