UPS

(UNINTERRUTED POWER SUPPLY)

CONTENTS
CRITICAL LOADS. POWER QUALITY REQUIREMENT FOR THE CRITICAL LOADS TYPES OF POWER PROBLEMS & THEIR EFFECTS ON LOADS. WHY UPS? ITS ADVANTAGES. FUNCTIONS OF UPS SYSTEM. VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF UPS SYSTEM.

CRITICAL LOADS
DIGITAL DRIVES & AUTOMATION DCS PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM TELECOM EQUIPMENTS PLC PC DAS & CRITICAL ALARMS SCADA SYSTEM BOILER CONTROLS AC RELAYS OF CRITICAL LOADS

POWER QUALITY REQUIREMENT

VOLTAGE SHOULD BE CONSTANT.

FREQUENCY SHOULD BE WITHIN TOLERABLE LIMITS.

VOLTAGE DISTORTION SHOULD BE WITHIN LIMITS.

POWER QUALITY REQUIREMENT

VOLTAGES SHOULD BE BALANCEDIN CASE OF THREE PHASE SUPPLY . SOUND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ENSURING SAFETY & RELIABILTY.

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER PROBLEMS

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER PROBLEMS

SAGS
SWELLS NOISE [EMI / RFI] FREQUENCY VARIATIONS SPIKES / IMPULSES

VARIOUS TYPES OF POWER PROBLEMS

WAVEFORM DISTORTION.
VOLTAGE UNBALANCE. WRONG PHASE SEQUENCE / SINGLE PHASING UNDER VOLTAGE OVER VOLTAGE

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

SAGS ( BROWNOUTS )
Voltage falls to 90% of nominal value. Typically lasts for 1/2 cycles to 1 min. Occurs due to excessive loading.

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

SWELLS (SURGE)
Voltage exceeds to 110% of nominal value
Occurs with major off-loading Lasts for few cycles

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

Superimposed voltage spikes on power-line voltage wave forms. The disturbance caused due to electromagnetic interference or radio freq.

NOISE

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

FREQUENCY VARIATIONS
The change of frequency beyond permissible range is termed as frequency variation. Caused due to sudden variation of load.

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

IMPULSES / TRANSIENTS
Impulse is short duration Over voltage or Under voltage Voltage exceeds >100%of nominal value & lasts for few microseconds to few milliseconds.

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

WAVEFORM DISTORTION
Any deviation from the sinewave shape on a continuous basis is called as Distortion. Distortion occurs due to the presence of non- linear loads on the power line.

DETAILS OF VARIOUS POWER PROBLEMS

VOLTAGE UNBALANCE
This means the three phase voltages are not equal or the phase angle is not 120 electrical degrees or both.
It occurs due to excess load on one of the phase OR Inductive and capacitive loads are unequal on power lines.

EFFECTS OF POWER PROBLEMS ON LOAD / ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

EFFECTS OF SAGS & SWELLS

When sag & swell voltage goes beyond permissible limits, the equipment stops functioning or malfunctions.

Swell beyond the breakdown capacity of insulation will result into short circuit causing damage to the load equipment.

EFFECTS OF NOISE
It Corrupts the basic wave shape. Noise ( Notches & Flickers ) causes equipment to go through continuous corrective mode & may cause damage to servomechanism. Noise ( RFI & EMI ) interferes with genuine signals & cause intermittent errors like distortion of images in MRI or RADAR, Ghost Image etc.

EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY VARIATIONS

Power conditioning & equipment which uses time based - online frequency are obvious to be sensitive to frequency variation & thereby malfunction.
DC equipment requires strengthening of filter otherwise can develop ripple related problems.

EFFECTS OF IMPULSES/TRANSIENTS
Impulsive transients of high energy causes breakdown in semi-conductor components. Low energy impulsive transients get coupled with signal flow & cause maloperation. Oscillatory transients interfere with zero detection circuits in AC/DC drives causing malfunction.

EFFECTS OF WAVEFORM DISTORTION

Steady state harmonic distortion causes heating effect in motors & transformers. PFI capacitors take excessive currents & cause overheating,resulting in reduction of life. It causes blowing of fuses,burning of neutral wires, waving on screen of VDU.

EFFECTS OF PHASE UNBALANCE

Causes excessive DC ripple in 3-phase rectifiers. 3-phase equipment tends to draw more current from healthy phases & results in thermal stresses. Phase angle variations cause a reverse torque & motor output reduces.

THE BEST POWER CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT UPS

WHY

UPS

UPS PREVENTS LOAD TO GET AFFECTED DUE TO

Blackouts & Brownouts. Surges & Sags. Frequency Variations. Waveform Distortion. Transients. Noise & RFI. NORMALLY EXPERIENCED WITH COMMERCIAL POWER SUPPLY ( MAINS )

ON-LINE UPS
Bypass Supply Mains Supply SVR STATIC SWITCH UPS Output Supply

RECTIFIER

INVERTER

BATTERY

Rectifier/Charger converts Mains Input 3 Phase AC supply into DC Power. DC Power feeds to Inverter as well as maintains Battery in charged condition. Inverter inverts DC Power into AC supply at required Voltage Level. AC output from Inverter is fed to load.

FUNCTIONING OF ON-LINE UPS

ADVANTAGES OF ON-LINE UPS

Good Power Conditioning / protection at all the times because of double conversion and regeneration of power from Inverter. Critical load is never exposed to direct utility power which can be full of Sags, Swells, frequency variation & other problems explained earlier.

ADVATAGES OF ON- LINE UPS

No power loss in transitional switching of power at the instance of power failure & power restoration. The ON-LINE UPS has no limit to its capacity. Ranges available from 200VA to 800KVA

VARIOUS UPS SYSTEMS IN GR

UNIT MAKE KVA VOLTAGE Ph

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

CGP GHC SRU DHDS/H2 AU-V CETP

IL IL IL TLL SAFT TLL

2X40 2X110 2X25 2X100 2X40 2X10

110 V AC 110 V AC 110 V AC 110 V AC 110 V AC 110 V AC

AT SR-2

1 1 1 1 1 1

VARIOUS UPS SYSTEMS IN GR

UNIT MAKE KVA VOLTAGE Ph

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

AU-I TLL 2X25 AU-II TLL 2X30 AU-III TLL 2X15 UDEX TLL 2X20 CRU TLL 2X10 GRE NELCO 2X60 GRSPF HIREL 2X40 OM&S TLL 2X40

110 V AC 1 110 V AC 1 110 V AC 1 110 V AC 1 230 V AC 1 110 V AC 1 110 V AC 1 415 V AC 3

AT NR-2

VARIOUS UPS SYSTEMS IN GR

UNIT MAKE KVA VOLTAGE Ph

09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

TPS-1 TPS-II TPS-III TTL LPG T/O DUMAD

TLL TLL TLL TLL HIREL HIREL HIREL

2X40 2X40 1X10 2X10 2X20 2X10 2X50

110 V AC 110 V AC 415 V AC 110 V AC 115 V AC 230 V AC 110 V AC

1 1 3 1 1 1 1

AT NR-2

REMOTE ALARMS FROM UPS TO DCS PANEL IN C/R

AC MAINS SUPPLY FAILURE LOAD ON BYPASS OR UPS UPS MODULE-1 FAULTY UPS MODULE-2 FAULTY DC UNDERVOLTAGE / PRE ALARM NOT IN SYNC. OVER TEMPERATURE

Overview Of Various Functional Blocks Of S-7400 UPS

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF S- 7400 UPS

Bypass Supply Mains Supply STATIC SWITCH UPS Output Supply

RECTIFIER

INVERTER

BATTERY

ON-LINE UPS
3-PHASE 1-PHASE

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS POWER ISOLATORS IN S7400 UPS

I3 Maintenance Bypass Isolator
Bypass Supply

Maintenance Bypass Line

I4 Bypass Isolator

Static Bypass Line

Mains Supply
I1 Input Isolator

RECTIFIER

INVERTER BCB

STATIC SWITCH I2 output Isolator

UPS Output Supply

BATTERY

Functions OF Various Membrane Switches On UPS Front Panel

Uninterruptible Power System

NORMAL OPERATION
MEASUREMENTS ALARM INVERTER EMERGENCY

Vo

Io

OFF

Vo

Io
(( ))

OFF

ON

ON

Interpretation Of MIMIC
MIMIC INDICATIONS

LS1- Input Supply OK / Rectifier ON

Uninterruptible Power System
LS3 LS5

LS2- Battery Breaker ON (only within operating range Vb = 320 V to 432 V) LS3- Bypass Supply OK LS4- Inverter ON

LS1

LS2

LS4

LS6

LS5- Load on Bypass

In conjunction with Output Isolator ON

LS6- Load on Inverter