Introduction to BSS PAR (Avea Internal)

Date Department

: 23 / 11/ 2011 : RANOPT

Version : 1 File name :

The contents of this document are strictly confidential and are intended only for Avea letiim Hizmetleri A.., its dealers, employees and others who have been specifically authorized. If you are not the intended recipient you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or taking any action in reliance with the contents of this document is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. Avea letiim Hizmetleri A.. is not liable for the transmission of this document in any manner, to any third parties that are not authorized to receive it.

Content
Following chapters will be included in this study
Parameter Displaying GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection Call setup and resource allocation DTX and power control Handover control AMR PS features

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Display BSS Parameter Structure

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Displaying Parameters-NED

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Displaying Parameters-Netact

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Displaying Parameters-MML

BTS Object Parameters>>>ZEQO; BSC Object Parameters>>>ZEEO;

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GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection

C1 = A = RLA_C RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P , 0) max(B,0)

C2

= C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T)

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GSM idle mode C1 Criteria

C1 = A max(B,0) = RLA_C RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P , 0)
0..31

0..63 I am outside

I am inside, but have not enough power

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GSM idle mode C2 Criteria- TO

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Call setup and resource allocation Signaling

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Call setup and resource allocation TRX Prioritization

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Accessibility and resource allocation Dynamic SDCCH

When BTS needs larger SDCCH capacity than the BSC configure idle traffic channel (TCH) resources for SDCCH use. When SD congestion is over, the extra SD resources are configured back to TCH. Dynamic SD signalling is the onlu transmission mode during the connection to the network. (E.g, SMS & Loc Update in airport) Configure the min static SD capacity to the BTS sufficient to handle the normal SD traffic. Extra SD is allocated when actual SD congestion has start after last free is allocated. When Dynamic SD resource is free again, it is immediately configure to TCH again With Dynamic SD - 16 SDCCH per TRX, increase dynamic SD capacity, you can use to 32 SDs per non-BCCH TRX and 24 per BCCH TRX

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Accessibility and resource allocation Directed Retry (DR)

SD HO starts when normal HO assignment procedure not allow The time is controlled by cell-by-cell with (MIDR), min time limit direct retry and it controls by BSC. The candidate cells in DR are examined same way as forced HO procedure. Procedure of the criteria for selecting candidate cells
Rx signal level compared to the threshold value, Rx lev min cell (SL) MS classmark Maximum power level in the cell

DR threshold (DRT) also consider in the candidate cell list where the min threshold value of Rx signal level. Normally, DRT > Rx lev min cell (SL) => take DRT. If DRT< Rx lev min cell (SL) => take Rx lev min cell (SL) SD to TCH => can performed direct retry if SD to SD is forbidden. SD HO does not affect DR Queueing during directed retry also allow the BTS to release TCH resource
and during queueing no call attempt clearing and perform directed retry

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BTS Output Power

PMAX1 (MS): Max MS Power PMAX1 (BS): Power Attennuation

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Discontinuous transmission (DTX)

In DL DTX is enabled in the BSC3i by modifying the value of the appropriate PAFILE parameter, DL DTX is Disabled by Default. Downlink DTX is controlled by BSC/MSC together. Activated for all BSCs, in Avea. In UL DTX is configurable via BTS parameter: DTX

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Power Control

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Power Control

Lower Level

Upper Level

Power increase Power decrease Power decrease due to level 6 dB due to quality due to level or quality Upper Quality

Power increase due to level

No action

Power decrease due to level

Lower Quality Power increase due to level or quality Power increase due to quality Power increase due to quality

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Power Control Parameters, ZEUO

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Handover Control
Handover Causes, City

UL Qual UL Level DL Qual DL Level UL Interference DL Interference Power Budget

Handover Causes, Rural Areas

UL Qual UL Level DL Qual DL Level UL Interference DL Interference Power Budget

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Handover Control

BTS Plus Handover Algorithm

Handover algorithm is located in the BSxx - BTS evaluates HO criteria and triggers HO (generates HO CONDITION INDICATION message with target cell list) There is no handover algorithm running in Flexi-BSC (BSC only selects the candidate from target cell list and allocates channel) Flexi-BSC can only request BS2xx to start a handover if needed e.g. due to congestion Even though Measurement Result (MR) messages are not needed for the HO purposes the BSC is able to receive them from BTS and update supported statistics and traces as well as to deliver all needed radio measurement data for positioning system and real-time road traffic monitoring system just like with Flexi EDGE BTS.

As HO algorithm is in the BTSplus, the BSC needs to use BTSplus

specific signaling to start intra-and inter-cell HOs.

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Handover control Better cell HO (PBGT in BSS) HO due to power budget (PBGT) is performed when a neighbor cell offers
better DL RXLEV conditions than the serving cell. This typically happens when MS reaches the border of the currently serving cell and simultaneously enters the coverage area of a neighbor cell. In GEMINI due to function split the evaluation algorithm for the handover criteria is like in BR while BSC handles the evaluation and selection of the given target cell.

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PBGT Parameters, ZEHO & ZEAO

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Umbrella Handover
Umbrella Cell GSM900 Radio Coverage Layer 6 Macro Cell GSM900 Radio Coverage Layer 5 Macro Cell GSM1800 Radio Coverage Layer 4

Micro Cell GSM900 Radio Coverage Layer 3

Micro Cell GSM1800 Radio Coverage Layer 2 Pico Cell GSM900 Radio Coverage Layer 1

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Level Handover
In case the signal level measured in UL or in DL on the air interface is below a certain limit and power control means are exhausted intercell handover is triggered

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Level Handover

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Level Handover

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Handover control Quality and Interference HO

Quality HO (intercell HO)

Interference HO (intracell HO)

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TRHO-Traffic reason HO

MSC initiated Traffic Reason HO (TRHO)

BSC receives initiation of MSC controlled Traffic Reason HO from the MSC and indicates to the BTS to start Traffic Reason HO (BTS_DYNAMIC_LOAD_INFO with flag Traffic HO = enabled) The BSC counts number of performed Traffic Reason HOs and sets the flag to value disabled and resends BTS_DYNAMIC_LOAD_INFO instructing BTS to stop forced HO when required number of Traffic Reason HOs has been performed. The BSC does not send to the BTS a HO candidate list received from the MSC. The BSC must response to MSC within 20 sec. The BSC informs BTS about load conditions when there is at least one TRX up and running in the cell (1 minute interval with latest load information) BSC controlled Traffic Reason HO (TRHO) BSC knows the load of a cell and indicates to the BTSplus HO-algorithm when to start Traffic reason HO to lower load in a cell. The BSC instructs BTS to start forced HO when the load of a cell is over "AMH upper load threshold. BTS_DYNAMIC_LOAD_INFO with flag Traffic HO = enabled is sent. The BSC instructs BTS to stop forced HO when load of a cell goes below "AMH upper load threshold. BTS_DYNAMIC_LOAD_INFO with flag Traffic HO = disabled is sent. In BSS as well as in GEMINI it's recommended not to enable BSC-initiated Traffic reason HO (AMH feature) and MSC-initiated Traffic reason HO simultaneously Technically it is possible to use both TRHOs at same time and it's up to operator to use them simultaneously, two simultaneous and separate TRHO algorithms may work not so reasonable together.

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TRHO

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Handover control Prevention of back HO and HO fail repetition

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Inter system Cell Reselection/HO

Inter-System HO from 2G to 3G is Disabled. Cell Reselection is enabled from 2G to 3G or vice versa. Inter-System HO is Enabled from 3G to 2G

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Inter system Cell Reselection/HO ZEQO & ZEAI

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Frequency hopping
To define a RF-hopping cell the following parameters have to be set in BSS: BTS hopping mode (HOP) = RF MA-list, MA-list ID and MA-list type must be defined in BSC

Hopping sequence number 1 (HSN1) = 0..63 (0 for cyclic hopping and 1..63 for random sequences) MAIO offset = 0..62 MAIO step = 0..62 MA-list ID used by the BTS = 0..128

If EGPRS is supported, there can be up to 47 frequencies in the MA-list If EGPRS is not supported, there can be up to 52 frequencies in the MAlist

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Frequency hopping

MAIO TRX:

MAIO TRX ( n ) MAIO offset MAIO step (n 1)

Example:

Sector TRX # HSN

offsetl MAIO MAIO MAIO step

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Non-hopping BCCH TRX 7 2 0 0 2 4 Non-hopping BCCH TRX 7 2 6 6 8 10 Non-hopping BCCH TRX 7 2 12 12 14 16

+MAIO step

MAIO step indicates the difference between the MAIOs of successive TRXs in a cell.

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Half Rate HR-Channel Allocation

Free FR TCHs based on ratio of available to working FR TCHs Process is disabled by setting lower limit > upper limit Enabling load analysis at BTS level automatically disables it at a BSC level To disable at BTS level must be disabled at both BTS and BSC level

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AMR Link Adaptation

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AMR Link Adaptation

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AMR Handover & Power Control Parameters

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AMR HO

Intra cell Handover process (FR to HR packing) is based upon BTS load, call quality and current codec being used In case of inter cell HO there are no differences in RXQUAL
measurement method between EFR and AMR
EFR call and AMR call in identical location should show identical RXQUAL measurements In congested cell with no available TS for unpacking, Inter-cell HO required based on RXQUAL. The following AMR HO parameters are used:
Intra HO threshold Rx Qual for AMR HR Intra HO threshold Rx Qual for AMR FR Current Nx and Px values of RxQual thresholds are used amrConflnHandover
1 = the currently used multirate configuration is preferred 2 = the multirate configuration of target BTS is preferred Y = downgrades and upgrades are applied N = downgrades and upgrades are not applied

amrSetGradesEnabl Y/N

If multirate configuration of source and target BTS are the same, these 2 parameters has no impact.

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AMR Quality HO
Parameter
threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR object: BTS range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% - 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) MML command: EHB, EHO MML Abbreviated Name: QURH threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR object: BTS range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% - 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) MML command: EHC, EHB, EHO MML Abbreviated Name: QURF

Description

threshold ul Rx qual AMR HR (amrHoHrThrUlRxQual), with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR HR set. In GEMINI it is extracted from Service Group parameters if used; otherwise set to default

threshold ul Rx qual AMR FR (amrHoFrThrUlRxQual), with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined for the default AMR FR set. In GEMINI it is extracted from Service Group parameters if used; otherwise set to default

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RLT-ARLT

RLT is based on SACCH deletion. SACCH is though not using a dynamic codec like voice in AMR, which means: Using the EFR RLT value an AMR customer can have the call dropped because RLT = 0 when still the FER is good RLT is not anymore reliable with the same value in AMR than in EFR Due to the fact that the FER performance is different when comparing AMR calls to EFR calls, the Radio Link Timeout need to be defined separately for AMR The Radio Link Timeout parameter for AMR is ARLT, available from S11.5. The principle of ARLT is the same than in the RLT but it is used only for the AMR capable mobile stations. With ARLT the maximum value of the radio link counter expressed in SACCH blocks for AMR calls is defined. The values range from 4 to 64 blocks, and can be changed by 4-block steps at a time. The default value for ARLT is 20 (SACCH).

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Antenna Hopping Feature AHOP

BCCH layer has no DL diversity, only one frq transmitting over a single antenna. The non-hopping TRX (BCCH TRX) loses coverage due to interference and fading and hopping TRX have a bigger coverage area because the phase diversity (hop one frq to another) where reduces fading and frequency related interference.
BCCH TRX Coverage

Hopping TRX Coverage

Improve DL/link performance of RF or BB hopping on non-hopping TRX and bridge the gap in between the hopping and non-hopping TRX. Therefore, improve existing coverage and RSSI level & also improve interference area due to improve link performance. Min 2 TRX in a BTS. Unable to work when TRX is locked mode.
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PS Features&Parameters Air PS territory is defined per BTS object withConcept Interface-Territory three parameters
dedicatedgprsCapacity (CDED) - determines the dedicated PS territory size in BTS (number of radio timeslots reserved for PS traffic only) defaultgprsCapacity (CDEF) - determines the default PS territory size in BTS (number of radio timeslots used primarily for PS traffic; if CS territory is congested, TSL from default territory may be allocated to CS connection); default territory includes dedicated territory. maxGPRSCapacity (CMAX) - determines the maximum possible PS territory size in BTS (maximum number of radio timeslots which can be used by PS traffic: default territory + additional territory); default territory may be extended with additional territory (up to CMAX) if one of the following conditions is fulfilled: default territory does not allow MS to be allocated the number of channels according to its Multislot Class; the average number of TBFs per TSL is more than 1.5 after the allocation of the new TBF; GTRX to define TRX which support data service in TRX level, not separate parameter for EDGE/GPRS these parameters are expressed in percentage of all radio TSLs in a BTS which can be used as PDCH (timeslots belonging to (E)GPRS enabled TRXs and defined as TCH FR or TCH DR) Date serivce support through set GENA = Y in BTS level; EDGE support through set EGENA=Y and GENA = Y in BTS level
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PS Features&Parameters Air Interface-Territory Concept PS territory is a set of contiguous timeslots

selection of a TRX for territory creation (the beginning of the territory) is determined by prefBCCHfreqGPRS parameter (BFG); this parameter defines whether BCCH TRX or non-BCCH TRX is preferred for PS territory among TRXs with the same priority, the one with the higher number of contiguous free TCHF and/or TCHD channels is selected default territory (including dedicated territory) is always created starting from the end of TRX (TSL7)

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Abis Planning DAP Structure

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Abis Planning DAP Structure

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PS Parameters

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Practice
Please discuss the following cases separately. Try to determine the related radio parameters. Assume that there is no HW or Specific NW Problem.

Consecutive Handover Attempts/Failure to the same target cell? Low Power from BTS? Try to reduce the output power of the BTS. Pushing traffic to Neighbor Cell (Idle Mode) Pushing traffic to Neighbor Cell (by Umbrella Handover) Reducing TCH Congestion. (by Directed Retry) 2G>>3G Cell Reselection is not happening. Subscriber Complaints regarding Edge download speed?

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