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In short they are basically switching telephone boxes where there are keys given to select manually the line to connect to the called party by the calling party, i.e., the routes!!
Definition of PBX
A private branch exchange (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general public. PBXs are also referred to as: PABX - private automatic branch exchange EPABX - electronic private automatic branch exchange PBXs make connections among the internal telephones of a private organizationusually a businessand also connects them to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) via trunk lines.
Because they incorporate telephones, fax machines, modems, and more, the general term "extension" is used to refer to any end point on the branch. PBXs are differentiated from "key systems" in that users of key systems manually select their own outgoing lines, while PBXs select the outgoing line automatically. Initially, the primary advantage of PBXs was cost savings on internal phone calls: handling the circuit switching locally reduced charges for local phone service. As PBXs gained popularity, they started offering services that were not available in the operator network
History of PBX
The term PBX was first applied when switchboard operators ran company switchboards by hand.
As automated electromechanical and then electronic switching systems gradually began to replace the manual systems, the terms PABX (private automatic branch exchange) and PMBX (private manual branch exchange) were used to differentiate them.
Solid state digital systems were sometimes referred to as EPABXs (electronic private automatic branch exchange).
Line 1 Phone 1 Line 2 Phone 2 Line I Phone I Power Data Processing System PBX Switching System
System components
A PBX will often include : The PBXs internal switching network. Microcontroller or microcomputer for arbitrary data processing, control and logic. Logic cards, switching and control cards, power cards and related devices that facilitate PBX operation. Stations or telephone sets, sometimes called lines. Outside telco trunks that deliver signals to (and carry them from) the PBX. Console or switchboard allows the operator to control incoming calls. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) consisting of sensors, power switches and batteries. Interconnecting wiring.
Functions of a PBX
Provide one single number that external callers can use to access all person in a company. Distribute calls to employees in a answering team in an even way, using automatic call distribution feature. Automate call answering, but offering a menu of options from which a user can select to be directed to a specific extension or department. Provide system call management features. Record voice messages for any extension from an external caller.
A typical PBX
1. As we can see, a caller from the PSTN cloud calls a company (having the PBX) 2. The auto attendant (in the office of the company) if picks up the call, transfers it to the requested called party (or the extension); and if not the message is transferred to voicemail 3. The extensions have a 3 or 4 digit specified extension number as per the internal numbering by the company
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