Computer Netwroks -1 06CS55

Venugopala Rao Dept of CSE SSE, Mukka

Differential Manchester:

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Combines the ideas of RZ and NRZ-I. There is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are

determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none.

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

03/08/12

Features:

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

The Manchester scheme overcomes several problems associated with

NRZ-L, and differential Manchester overcomes several problems associated with NRZ-I. There is no baseline wandering. There is no DC component because each bit has a positive and negative voltage contribution. The only drawback is the signal rate. The signal rate for Manchester and differential Manchester is double that for NRZ. The reason is that there is always one transition at the middle of the bit and maybe one transition at the end of each bit. Note that Manchester and differential Manchester schemes are also called biphase schemes.

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

03/08/12

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Bipolar Schemes (Multilevel binary Schemes) :
Here there are three voltage levels- positive, negative, and zero. The voltage level for one data element is at zero, while the voltage level

for the other element alternates between positive and negative. There are two variations of polar scheme: Alternate mark inversion and

pseudo ternary
Alternate mark inversion (AMI):
Common bipolar format Mark means bit 1. Here bit 0 is represented by neutral zero voltage and bit 1 is

represented by alternating positive and negative voltages.

Pseudo ternary:
Bit 1 is encoded as a zero voltage and the bit 0 is encoded as

alternating positive and negative voltages.

4 Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka 03/08/12

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Unlike NRZ scheme here the energy not concentrated around

zero frequency. As shown in the figure, energy is concentrated around frequency N/2. DC component is not present due to fact that, signal contains alternate 1s and 0s.
5 Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka 03/08/12

Multilevel schemes:

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

To cater the need of higher data rate with less bandwidth multilevel coding

schemes are developed. Here a pattern of m data elements into a pattern of n signal elements. Since our data elements are only 0 and 1, m different data

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

03/08/12

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

03/08/12

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

03/08/12