Phylum Annelida Invertebrate

Fluid-filled chambers to maintain its structure (hydroskeleton like)

Closed circulatory system (many "hearts" -pump blood) Hermaphrodites

EARTHWORM S

Incomplete centralization and Cephalization Cephalization is accumulation of neural tissue in the head/anterior end Brain: Dorsal Ganglion found in the head

NERVOUS SYSTEM OF EARTHWORMS

Sensory receptors can be classified into 4 groups 1. Stimulus

Ampullae of Lorenzini - electric fields, salinity, temperature Baroreceptors - pressure in blood vessels Chemoreceptors - chemical stimuli

2. Location Cutaneous - sensory receptors found in

dermis/epidermis Muscle spindles - have mechanoreceptors that detect stretch in muscles

SENSORY RECEPTORS

3. Morphology
Free nerve endings - terminal branches of neuron have no myelin sheath - found throughout the dermis/epidermis Encapsulated receptors - specialized functioning

4. Rate of adaption
Tonic receptor - receptor that adapts slowly to stimulus Phasic receptor - adapts rapidly to stimulus - ex. Pacinian corpuscle

SENSORY RECEPTORS

1. Tropic Movement/Tropism

Response that result in curvatures of whole plant organs or single part of the body of an organism toward or away from a stimulus Automatic movement of the whole body of an organism directed toward or away from a stimuli More finely tuned response to environmental stimuli than a change in speed or turning of a random movement Efficient way of finding food or locating a mate

2. Taxic Movement/Taxis

MOVEMENT

 Chemo Chemical Thigmo Touch Photo Light Thermo Temperature Geo Gravity

PREFIXES FOR TAXIS AND TROPHISM

1. Positive
attracts the organism

2. Negative
makes the organism move away

RESPONSE

CONTACT: DIFFERENT POINTS

CONTACT: ONEPOINT

LIGHT

HEAT

MOISTURE

XYLENE

The reaction to the light was negative It avoided the light source The reaction only applied to the head or anterior part of the earthworm. The other parts did not respond to the light. Earthworms do not have eyes. They contain photosensitive cells scattered at the skin of their bodies mostly at the head portion which cause them to retreat from light.

LIGHT

After 20 minutes, the earthworms were all found at the moist side of the set-up.

MOISTURE

Stimuli Contact different points Contact one point

Negative or Positive Negative Thigmotaxis Negative Thigmotaxis

Light
Heat

Moisture

SUMMARY OF RESULT

Chemical

Negative Phototaxis Negative Thermotaxis Positive Chemotaxis (or Hydrotaxis) Negative

The earthworm avoids light, heat, and exposure to chemicals but favors a moist environment. It also avoids contact but after constant continuous exposure, it becomes desensitized from the pressure.

CONCLUSION