Enterprise JavaBeans Fundamentals

Agenda
Enterprise JavaBeans defined EJB and Distributed Computing

EJB Architecture
Entity beans Session bean Deployment EJB Clients

Enterprise JavaBeans: Defined

What is Enterprise JavaBeans

component architecture for the development and deployment of object-oriented distributed enterprise-level applications

Scalable
transactional multi-user secure

collection of Java classes and XML file, bundled into a single

unit. The Java classes must follow certain rules and provide certain callback methods.
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In English Please!
Enterprise JavaBeans is a specification
(a piece of paper) not a product As is XML, CORBA, TCP/IP

Enterprise JavaBeans is Java based

Defined by Sun Microsystems Applications are written in Java

Enterprise JavaBeans is distributed objects

Similar to CORBA | Java RMI (JRMP) | Microsoft MTS

Enterprise JavaBeans is components

Similar to regular JavaBeans (similar but not the same) Similar to COM/DCOM/COM+

Enterprise JavaBeans products are Transactional

Monitors
Similar to CICS | TUXEDO A complete environment for a distributed object
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Enterprise JavaBeans
Simple Programming Model
Attribute based programming

Focus on Business Logic

Simple API Well defined Lifecycle

Portable
Specification ensures basic services
Component Packaging (JARs and XML DD) Java

WORA
Write-Once, Run Anywhere within Middleware Middleware provides all services
Instance management, transactions, concurrency,

persistence
Beans stay simple!

EJB Advantages
With EJB, you can write a business object and

easily make it
Persistent
Distributed Transactional Secure

Multithreaded

Persistent
Beans need to load and store data You can let the server do it
(Container-Managed Persistence)

You can do it yourself

(Bean-Managed Persistence)

Transactional
Support for distributed transactions You can let the Server manage all transactions
You will if you know whats good for you
You can give it hints in deployment descriptor

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Secure
SSL/RMI protects transmitted data Client-Server architecture protects
proprietary code
backend database

SSL authenicates client, server ACLs provide fine-grained control of access to

objects, methods, services

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Multithreaded
Programmer delegates all responsibility for

multithreading to server
Programmer literally cant spawn a thread

Program designer and/or sysadmin establishes

multithreading policies Server enforces them invisibly

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Naming Services
JNDI Wrapper for many naming services
CORBA, RMI, etc.

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CORBA and EJB

Transport
EJB uses RMI interface, RMI uses IIOP

CORBA 3.0 promises object compatibility with

EJB
Not quite sure what that means

Some EJB Servers contain an ORB

All EJB Objects are also CORBA objects

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EJB Architecture

EJB Roles
Bean developer: creates JAR with:
Remote interface with business functions

Home for accessing instances of bean

Bean itself Properties and descriptor

Assembler: one who combine the EJB

components with other software to make a complete application Deployer: modifies and deploys beans in EJB server
Organization-specifics, ie security
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EJB Roles (cont.)

Server provider provides Server run-time Container provider: provides tools and containers
Creates container classes that wrap bean
Manage installed beans

System administrator - one who manages the

application after it has been deployed into a target environment.

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The EJB Container

Think of the container as the server, holding your

objects Containers host enterprise beans Containers isolate beans from clients
Intercept client requests Set up transactions, security, persistence, etc.

before and after calling EJB methods Beans can also call methods of the container interface to get services
Containers provide JNDI services too

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EJB Provider

Application Assembler

Deployer

App Server/ EJB Container Provider

System Administrator
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Session Beans
Not persistent, but can access database Model tasks, process or agents
Charge a credit card Process a stock purchase Perform hotel reservations

Manage interactions of other beans

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Stateless Session Beans

Perform transitive tasks Independent business methods
Act on method arguments, not bean state
Similar to procedures in traditional TPM systems

Most performant bean type Not dedicated to one client

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Stateful Session Beans

Act on behalf of one client
Extension of the client

Agent that performs work for the client

Interdependent business methods

Bean has conversational state Method depend on conversational state

Dedicated to exactly one client

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EJB Conversation
Finding the Bean Getting access to a bean

Calling the beans methods

Getting rid of the bean

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Finding the bean

Use naming service (associates a symbolic name

with an object) Use JNDI to provide a uniform interface to all naming services or CORBAs COS Naming Services
DNS UNIX /etc/hosts file system

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Getting access to bean

Naming lookup returns reference to home

interface object
Client uses the home interface to find existing EJB

instances or create new one.

Look up returns reference to remote Interface

object
Client uses remote interface to interact with EJB

objects
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Calling the bean and getting rid of it

Invoke the public methods of bean Destroying by remove()
Stateful session container discard it and use the

space for other bean Stateless session returns the instance to a pool Entity remove the underlying object from persistent storage ie. database

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Building and deploying EJBs

Writing the EJB EJB implementation class Home interface Remote interface Deployment descriptor Properties file containing any environment properties that a bean

expects
Create a manifest file for creating the ejb-jar file (medium to

distribute EJBs)
Deploying EJB Ejb container reads the ejb-jar file Create implementations for the home & remote interfaces Read the deployment descriptor Add the beans property settings to the environment
Connecting to the EJB Either RMI or CORBA to connect to the EJB
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Function of a Deployment Descriptor

Describe bean(s) to the container
interfaces and class type of bean (entity or session) identify primary key & container-managed fields

Declare runtime behavior

transaction attributes of methods authorization access to method persistence type (BMP vs. CMP)

Written in XML

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Deployment Descriptor
Name of the EJB class Name of the EJB home interface

Name of the EJB remote interface

ACLs of entities authorized to use each class or

method For Entity beans, a list of container-managed fields For session beans, a value denoting stateful or stateless

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Programming: Interfaces and Classes

Home Interface (1) Extends javax.ejb.EJBHome Provides remote access to create, find, remove beans Remote Interface (2) Extends javax.ejb.EJBObject Provides remote access to business methods Bean Class EJB Implementation class (3) Extends a javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean type Implements business logic and other functionality

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EJB Architecture
Naming Service Server

RMI Client RMI

You write this Implements Invokes
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Home Interface (Factory)

Container

Remote Interface

EJB Object (Wrapper)

Enterprise Java Bean (Biz Logic)

Creates / uses

Bean provider: What to write? Eg. Stateless Session Bean

Remote Interface
extend EJBObject interface Define business method signatures

Home Interface
extend EJBHome interface Define create signatures May define findBy signatures for entities

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Remote Interface
import javax.ejb.EJBObject; import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface Customer extends EJBObject {

public String getName(String n) throws RemoteException;

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Functionality of remote interface

Container generates a class implementing

Customer interface during deployment time The class passes method invocations to the EJB implementation class Allows the client to do:
Get a reference to the beans home interface (thru

getEJBHome() method) Get a reference that can be saved and then restored (thru getHandle() method) Get rid of the objet (thru remove() method) Test whether two remote objects are identical (isIdentical())
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Home Interface
import javax.ejb.EJBHome; import javax.ejb.CreateException; import javax.ejb.FinderException; import java.rmi.RemoteException; public interface CustomerHome extends EJBHome { public Customer create()throws RemoteException, CreateException;

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Functionality of Home interface

Create()
Atleast one create method should be there

replace constructors in EJB for initializing an object

Initialize the internal state of the object where

container maintain a cache of already instantiated objects Stateless only one create() with no arguments Must be public Return type must be the type of the remote interface Throws clause must include RemoteException and CreateException
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Other method signature of Home interface

remove() allow a client to delete EJB instances by

its handle or its primary key

getEJBMetaData returns an object the

implements the EJBMetaData

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Bean implementation:What to write (cont.)?

Enterprise Bean Class
implement EntityBean or SessionBean Implement business method signatures Does not need to implement Remote Interface not abstract Implement ejbCreate methods matching Home

create
One ejbCreate for every Home.create N.B.: create in home interface, ejbCreate in Bean

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Bean Class
import javax.ejb.*;
public class CustomerBean implements SessionBean { SessionContext ctx; public void ejbCreate() { } public Name getName(String n) { return How are you, + n; } public public public public }
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void ejbRemove() { } void ejbPassivate() { } void ejbActivate() { } void setSessionContext(SessionContext ctx) { this.ctx = ctx;}

Session bean method signatures

ejbActivate() -called by container after session

beans state has been restored from semipersistent storage ejbPassivate() called by container before swapping the object out to semi persistent storage ejbRemove() invoked as result of client calling the remove() setSessionContext()
Container passes context object to session bean at

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the very beginning of beans life Bean stores this object in an object variable Use this to interact with container provided services like security & transaction management

Session bean method signatures

ejbCreate()
Public
Void return type Number and type of arguments of ejbCreate() must

same as the number and type of arguments in the create() method No need of throwing exceptions bcos exceptions are thrown from create() method

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Compile (4) Remote Interface Home Interface Implementation class

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Create a session descriptor (5)

SessionDescriptor class Specifies the deployment environment

Deployer deserializes the instance of Session

descriptor and uses the information it contains to deploy the bean

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import javax.ejb.deployment.*;; import java.io.*; import java.util.Properties; Public class DDWrite { public static void main(String argv[]) { SessionDescriptor sd = new SessionDescriptor(); sd.setEnterpriseBeanClassName(Customer); sd.setHomeInterfaceClassName(CustomerHome); sd.setRemoteInterfaceClassName(CustomerRemote); Properties p = new Properties(); p.put(myprop1, myval0; sd.setEnvironmentProperties(p); sd.setSessionTimeout(0); contd
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sd.setStateManagementType(SessionDescriptor.STATEL ESS_SESSION) try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream (foo.ser); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream (fos); oos.writeObject(sd); oos.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { }

}} Foo.ser serialized deployment descriptor WriteOBject () performs actual serialization

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Create a manifest (6)&ejb-jar(7) &Deployment (8)

Contains information about the contents of a jar

file
Name:directory/ CustomerBeanDD.ser

Enterprise-Bean: True

Create an ejb-jar file with

jar cmf (manifest file name) (name of the jar)(the

directory to include in the jar file

Deployment with deployment tool

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Writing a client(9)

import project directory; import java.rmi.*; import javax.naming.*; Public class HelloClient { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { InitialContext ic = new InitialContext(); CustomerHome home= (CustomerHome) ic.lookup(CustomerHome); Customer cust = home.create(); String name = cust.getName(Suriya); S.O.P. (returned + name); cust.remove(); } catch (java.rmi.RemoteException e) { } catch (javax.ejb.CreateException e) {} catch (javax.ejb.RemoveException e) {} catch (javax.naming.NamingException e) {}} }
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Run the client according to the webserver launched

Home Interface
Defined by Bean developer Implemented by server tools (autogenerated)

Must extend interface EJBHome

EJBMetaData getEJBMetaData() void remove(Handle ejbHandle) void remove(Object primaryKey)

Must provide your own create() methods

Foo create() Foo create(Bar b, Baz z)

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Home Interface: Entity Beans

Entity Beans are persistent, therefore they need

more than a create method Need findXXX methods

public Foo findByPrimaryKey(Object key); public Foo findByBar(Bar bar); public Enumeration findOverdrawnAccounts();

Implement ejbFindXXX methods in bean

N.B.: find in home interface, ejbFind in Bean

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Remote Interface
Written by developer Defines methods accessible by client
Your business methods go here

extends javax.ejb.EJBObject
standard methods provided by all EJBs getEJBHome(), getPrimaryKey(), getHandle(),

remove(), isIdentical(EJBObject obj)

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Interfaces and Implementations

Remote Interface deposit() getBalance() EJBObject getEJBHome() getPrimaryKey() getHandle() isIdentical() remove() deposit() getBalance()
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Home Interface create() remove()

EJB ejbCreate() ejbRemove() ejbActivate() ejbPassivate() deposit() getBalance()

Beans and Persistence

Persistence
Container-Managed

Persistence

Server reads values from your bean

Server stores/loads data for you

Very easy to write - just define data and server

magically takes care of persistence

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Container-Managed Persistence (CMP)

Persistence is automatic
inserts, updates, and deletes are automatic

transactions managed automatically

server reads/writes your bean instance variables Server also informs you before/after it's done

something
you implement callback methods

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Container-Managed Persistence (CMP) cont.

Easier to write beans
Focus on business logic, not persistence

But, requires sophisticated, vendor-specific data

mapping tools
Components more portable
not backend-specific

shrink-wrapped components

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Bean-Managed Persistence
Bean-Managed Persistence
You code access database directly Callback methods dictate when to insert, update,

delete
More control over persistence, performance Much harder to write

Dont need sophisticated data mapping tools

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Entity Beans
Model entities in a system represent their data and associated behavior
one or many relational database tables an object in an object database an entity in a legacy system

Nouns: People, Places or Things Customer, Employee, Student City, Building, Hotel Room Order, Organization, Health Benefit

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Online Resources
jGuru EJB FAQ
http://www.jguru.com/faq/EJB

Sun EJB Page

http://java.sun.com/products/EJB

EJBNow
http://www.ejbnow.com/

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Remote Interface
import javax.ejb.EJBObject; import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface Customer extends EJBObject {

public String getName() throws RemoteException; public void setName(Name name) throws RemoteException;

public Address getAddress() throws RemoteException;

public void setAddress(Address address) }
throws RemoteException;

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Home Interface
import import import import javax.ejb.EJBHome; javax.ejb.CreateException; javax.ejb.FinderException; java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface CustomerHome extends EJBHome { // required in session bean also public Customer create(Integer customerNumber) throws RemoteException, CreateException; //not required in session bean public Customer findByPrimaryKey(Integer customerNumber) throws RemoteException, FinderException;

public Enumeration findByZipCode(int zipCode) throws RemoteException, FinderException;

}
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Bean Class
import javax.ejb.EntityBean;
public class CustomerBean implements EntityBean { Address myAddress; Name myName; CreditCard myCreditCard; public Name getName() { return myName; } public void setName(Name name) { myName = name; } public Address getAddress() { return myAddress; } public void setAddress(Address address) { myAddress = address; } ... }

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